BIOD 171 Module 6 Exam(2 Versions)(New, 2023-2024)/BIOD171 Module 6 Exam:Portage Learning, Exams of Nursing

Download BIOD 171 Module 6 Exam(2 Versions)(New, 2023-2024)/BIOD171 Module 6 Exam:Portage Learning and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 29 minutes 98 out of 100 Score for this quiz: 98 out of 100 Submitted Aug 18 at 10:31am This attempt took 29 minutes. Question 1 2 / 2 pts True or False. Because the genome is contained within an enclosed space (much like the nucleus of a cell), viruses are classified as eukaryotic. True Correct! False False. Viruses are neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic. Question 2 5 / 5 pts Describe the two basic components of a virus. Your Answer: 1. genetic material comprised of DNA or RNA 2. a capsid, a membrane-like protective structure that contains the genetic material similar to the nucleus of an eukaryotic cell A virus has (1) genomic material comprised of either DNA or RNA and (2) a capsid, a membrane-like protective structure that contains the genetic material, similar to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Question 3 3 / 3 pts The envelope surrounds the _________ of some viruses. Your Answer: capsid capsid Question 4 2 / 2 pts True or False. You would expect to see a viral envelope on a virus infecting a plant cell. True Correct! False False. The overwhelming majority of animal viruses are enveloped whereas the majority of plant or bacteria-infecting viruses are not. Question 5 3 / 3 pts Rank the following viruses based on their size from largest to smallest: Orthomyxovirus Poliovirus Variolavirus Your Answer: Variolavius (~200nm) > orthomyxovirus (~100-150 nm) > poliovirus (~30nm) Variolavirus (~200nm) > Orthomyxovirus (100-150nm) > Poliovirus (~30nm) Question 6 2 / 2 pts 1-[answer1] 2- [answer2] 3- [answer3] 4- [answer4] 5- [answer5] Your Answer: 1. capsid (head) 2. collar 3. tail (sheath) 4. base plate 5. tail fibers 1-Capsid 2- Collar 3- Tail 4- Base plate 5- Tail fibers Question 11 5 / 5 pts Describe the main differences between lytic and temperate phages. Your Answer: Lytic bacteriophages replicate within the host bacteria cell until it reputures Temporate phages exist in a non-replicative state that does not kill host cell Lytic bacteriophages replicate within the host bacteria until it ruptures, whereas temporate (or lysogenic) phages primarily exist in a non-replicative state that does not kill the host cell. Lytic phages replicate all viral proteins needed for the assembly of new virus particles whereas lysogenic phage genomes are integrated into the host genome but production of viral proteins is suppressed. Question 12 5 / 5 pts Based on the following image, would you expect the viral titer to be high or low? Why? Your Answer: You would expect the titer to be LOW. As turbidity is based on the function of the # of intact baterial cells that are present. The amount of the virus contained within the test tube must be low due to the lytic cycle. Bacteria cells must be destroyed, making the media clearer. Low. As turbidity is a function of the number of intact bacterial cells present in the media, the amount of virus contained within the above tube must be low. As the lytic cycle continues more and more bacterial cells will be destroyed, effectively clearing the media. Question 13 2 / 2 pts Which of the following can be spread via airborne particles: Measles Mumps Rubella Question 18 5 / 5 pts You go to visit a friend who has chickenpox. While visiting what are 2 things you will be sure to avoid so that you don’t also become infected? Your Answer: Chickenpox is transmitted through airbrone-droplets or having direct contact with the pustules of the infected individual. You should avoid both. (1) You would want to be sure to keep a distance especially if your friend is coughing or sneezing as chickenpox can be transmitted through air-borne droplets (sneezing/coughs). (2) You would also be absolutely certain to avoid direct contact with the blisters of an infected individual. Question 19 2 / 2 pts True or False. The development of shingles is most often seen in an older adult population (> 60 years old). Correct! True True. The most common age for VZV reactivation and shingle diagnosis tends to occur in people around 60 years of age. False Question 20 2 / 2 pts True or False. Similar to chickenpox, the blisters that appear with shingles can cover the entire body. True Correct! False False. Unlike chickenpox blisters, which can form anywhere, the blisters associated with shingles are localized and limited to small areas. Question 21 5 / 5 pts A person who has neither previously had chickenpox nor been administered the VZV vaccine is exposed to someone with an active VZV (shingles) outbreak and becomes infected. Explain why (or why not) the person will only develop shingles. Your Answer: Infected person develope chickenpox. Unvaccinated and unexposed must develope chickenpox first. Shingles is the reaction of the dormant VZV virus. The infected individual will not develop shingles, but will develop chickenpox. Unvaccinated and unexposed individuals must first develop chickenpox, as shingles is the reactivation of the dormant VZV virus from the chickenpox infection. Question 22 5 / 5 pts What linear, double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus is the first virus (as of Oct. 26, 1977) to be officially declared eradicated? Your Answer: smallpox Smallpox (Variola virus). Although once a major cause of death in the world, a smallpox vaccine was developed in 1796 by Edward Jenner. Global vaccination efforts have prevented smallpox from appearing in humans since October 26, 1977, making smallpox the first infectious disease ever to be eradicated. Question 23 3 / 3 pts What small (~30nm) single-stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus targets the CNS (central nervous system), causing potentially catastrophic damage to motor neurons? Your Answer: polio Polio, also known as poliomyelitis. Question 24 3 / 3 pts Describe the main underlining differences between the Salk and Sabin polio vaccine. Your Answer: Salk vaccine is contains the inactive form of the polio virus and was injected into individuals. The Sabin polio contains a live attenuated (weaken) form of the virus and was administed orally. The Salk vaccine contained an inactivated form of the virus and was injected while the Sabin vaccine contained a live attenuated (weakened) form of the virus and was administered orally. Question 25 3 / 3 pts Which subtype of Influenza is the most virulent? Your Answer: Influenza A Influenza A Question 26 5 / 5 pts A drug company is trying to develop a new drug that will inhibit viral entry of Influenza. Would the drug company target hemagglutinin proteins or neuraminidase proteins? Why? Your Answer: Hemagglutinin (HA) protins would be targets to inhibit the viral entry of influenza. HA proteins would be the targets because they are directly involved in the viral attachment and entry into the host cell. Hemagglutinin (HA) proteins would be targets as they are directly involved in viral attachment and entry into the host cell. Neuraminidase proteins are involved in the budding and release of new viral particles and would thus not be the correct target. Question 27 5 / 5 pts Explain why the flu shot given each year may not be 100% effective at preventing the flu? 5/1/22, 6:15 PM M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam: Essential Microbiology with Lab-2021-Bowman https://nursingabc.instructure.com/courses/902/quizzes/23571?module_item_id=135787 1/18 M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam Due No due date Points 100 Questions 30 Time Limit 60 Minutes Requires Respondus LockDown Browser Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 39 minutes 100 out of 100 Score for this quiz: 100 out of 100 Submitted Apr 28 at 9:02pm This attempt took 39 minutes. 2 / 2 ptsQuestion 1 True or False. Although viruses may contain their genome within an enclosed space (much like the nucleus of a cell), it is considered neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic. True Correct! False 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 2 Your Answer: Describe the two basic components of a virus. Two basic components of a virus are; 5/1/22, 6:15 PM M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam: Essential Microbiology with Lab-2021-Bowman https://nursingabc.instructure.com/courses/902/quizzes/23571?module_item_id=135787 2/18 The genomic material that comprises of either DNA or RNA A capsid, a membraneus like protective structure that contains genetic materials similar to those of the eukaryotic cell A virus has (1) genomic material comprised of either DNA or RNA and (2) a capsid, a membrane-like protective structure that contains the genetic material, similar to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. 3 / 3 ptsQuestion 3 Your Answer: The envelope surrounds the _________ of some viruses. Capsid capsid 2 / 2 ptsQuestion 4 True or False. You would expect to see a viral envelope on a virus infecting a bacterial cell. True False Correct! 5/1/22, 6:15 PM M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam: Essential Microbiology with Lab-2021-Bowman https://nursingabc.instructure.com/courses/902/quizzes/23571?module_item_id=135787 3/18 False. The overwhelming majority of animal viruses are enveloped whereas the majority of plant or bacteria-infecting viruses are not. 3 / 3 ptsQuestion 5 Your Answer: Rank the following viruses based on their size from largest to smallest: Paramyxovirus Poliovirus Smallpox virus Smallpox virus(~200nm) ---> Paramyxovirus(100-150nm) ---> Poliovirus(~30nm) Smallpox (~200nm) > Paramyxovirus (100-150nm) > Poliovirus (~30nm) 2 / 2 ptsQuestion 6 True or False: Viral replication occurs after it attaches and enters the host cell. True Correct! True. The viral genome is never replicated before attachment and entry. 5/1/22, 6:15 PM M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam: Essential Microbiology with Lab-2021-Bowman https://nursingabc.instructure.com/courses/902/quizzes/23571?module_item_id=135787 6/18 True or False. Structurally, bacteriophages are distinct from viruses that infect plant or animal cells. True Correct! True. Bacteriophages are structurally distinct from viruses that infect plant and animals cells. False 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 10 Identify the following components of a bacteriophage. 1-[answer1] 2- [answer2] 5/1/22, 6:15 PM M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam: Essential Microbiology with Lab-2021-Bowman https://nursingabc.instructure.com/courses/902/quizzes/23571?module_item_id=135787 7/18 Your Answer: 3- [answer3] 4- [answer4] 5- [answer5] 1. Capsid 2. Collar 3. Tail 4. Base Plate 5. Tail fibre 1-Capsid 2- Collar 3- Tail 4- Base plate 5- Tail fibers 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 11 Your Answer: Describe the main differences between lytic and temperate phages. Lytic bacteriophage are inside the host bacteria and they keep replicating in the host until it ruptures and dies, on the other hand, the Temperate phages exist in the host bacteria but the do not replicate and they do not kill their host cells 5/1/22, 6:15 PM M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam: Essential Microbiology with Lab-2021-Bowman https://nursingabc.instructure.com/courses/902/quizzes/23571?module_item_id=135787 8/18 Lytic bacteriophages replicate within the host bacteria until it ruptures, whereas temporate (or lysogenic) phages primarily exist in a non-replicative state that does not kill the host cell. Lytic phages replicate all viral proteins needed for the assembly of new virus particles whereas lysogenic phage genomes are integrated into the host genome but production of viral proteins is suppressed. 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 12 Your Answer: Based on the following image, would you expect the viral titer to be high or low? Why? Low. Viral titer is the quantitative amount of virus present in a culture or media. This sample shows cloudiness which indicates that there is a lot of 5/1/22, 6:15 PM M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam: Essential Microbiology with Lab-2021-Bowman https://nursingabc.instructure.com/courses/902/quizzes/23571?module_item_id=135787 11/18 Which of the following diseases does a linear, single-stranded RNA virus cause? Measles Mumps Rubella B and C All of the above Correct! Measles, mumps and rubella are all linear, single-stranded RNA viruses. 3 / 3 ptsQuestion 17 Your Answer: What disease displays as a secondary characteristic swelling of the testes/ovaries and pancreas? Mumps Mumps. A patient infected with mumps (aka epidemic paratitis) has primary swelling in the paratoid (salivary glands) located in the neck but also may have secondary swelling in the testes/ovaries and pancreas. 5/1/22, 6:15 PM M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam: Essential Microbiology with Lab-2021-Bowman https://nursingabc.instructure.com/courses/902/quizzes/23571?module_item_id=135787 12/18 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 18 Your Answer: Describe two ways chickenpox can be spread. Chickenpox can be spread through airborne droplets like coughing and sneezing Coming in direct contact with blisters of the infected person Chickenpox is highly contagious and can be transmitted (1) through both air-borne droplets (sneezing/coughs) or via (2) direct contact with the blisters of an infected individual. 2 / 2 ptsQuestion 19 True or False. The development of shingles is most often seen in an older adult population (> 60 years old). True Correct! True. The most common age for VZV reactivation and shingle diagnosis tends to occur in people around 60 years of age. False 2 / 2 ptsQuestion 20 True or False. Similar to chickenpox, the blisters that appear with shingles can cover the entire body. 5/1/22, 6:15 PM M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam: Essential Microbiology with Lab-2021-Bowman https://nursingabc.instructure.com/courses/902/quizzes/23571?module_item_id=135787 13/18 True False Correct! False. Unlike chickenpox blisters, which can form anywhere, the blisters associated with shingles are localized and limited to small areas. 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 21 Your Answer: A person who has neither previously had chickenpox nor been administered the VZV vaccine is exposed to someone with an active VZV (shingles) outbreak and becomes infected. Explain why (or why not) the person will only develop shingles. The person who has niether previously had chickenpox nor been administered the VZU vaccine will first be infected with chickenpox and not shingles because shingles is the reactivation of dormant VZU form chickenpox infection. Hence someone who has never had chickenpox or been given the VZU vaccine will not have the dormant VZU from the chickenpox infection that they have never had or been vaccinated with in the first place. The infected individual will not develop shingles, but will develop chickenpox. Unvaccinated and unexposed individuals must first develop chickenpox, as shingles is the reactivation of the dormant VZV virus from the chickenpox infection. 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 22 5/1/22, 6:15 PM M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam: Essential Microbiology with Lab-2021-Bowman https://nursingabc.instructure.com/courses/902/quizzes/23571?module_item_id=135787 16/18 Neuraminidase (N) proteins are directly involved in the budding and release of new viral particles and would thus be the correct target. Hemagglutinin (HA) proteins would not be advisable targets as they are directly involved in viral attachment and entry into the host cell. 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 27 Your Answer: Explain why the flu shot given each year may not be 100% effective at preventing the flu? Flu shot given each year maynot be 100% effective at preventing flue because there are different variants of flu. It is possible to still get a flu even after being vaccinated because the subtypes of the flu are many and its possible that while you were given the vaccine the particular variant you were exposed to was not given in the vaccine. Most times, medical researchers just predict and then roll out vaccines that should be given based on the data of the varient that is mostly in circulation at that time. Unfortunately, this model is not always 100% perfect or reliable. Hence, you could have been given a flu shot and then be infected by a variant that wasn't administered with the vaccine that you got. It is possible to receive a flu vaccine and yet (unfortunately) still get the flu in the same season if you are exposed to a viral strain that was not included in the vaccine. There are a large number of variants and the flu vaccine is unable to vaccinate against all subtypes. Medical researchers predict and then distribute flu vaccines based current trends and the available data relative to the most common circulating strains. Unfortunately, this model is not always 100% accurate. 5/1/22, 6:15 PM M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam: Essential Microbiology with Lab-2021-Bowman https://nursingabc.instructure.com/courses/902/quizzes/23571?module_item_id=135787 17/18 2 / 2 ptsQuestion 28 True or False. The viral capsid of HIV is cone shaped and contains ~2,000 copies of the viral protein p24. True Correct! False 2 / 2 ptsQuestion 29 The HIV surface glycoprotein gp41 binds what host cellular receptor? CD4 CXCR4 Correct! HIV gp41 binds to the receptor CXCR4 CD3 CXCR5 5 / 5 ptsQuestion 30 Your Answer: An individual infected with HIV is placed on anti-retroviral medication. What is the general purpose of this medication? 5/1/22, 6:15 PM M6: Module 6 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam: Essential Microbiology with Lab-2021-Bowman https://nursingabc.instructure.com/courses/902/quizzes/23571?module_item_id=135787 18/18 The general purpose is to inhibit the retrovirus as the name implies. That is to stop the replication of the virus from producing new viral particles and supressing the virus making the load of the virus light on the patient. If the virus cannot replicate new viral particles; HIV will not degenerate into AIDs which is the reason for the broken immune system that allows other disease to have their way in a persons body and eventually leading to death Answer: As the name suggests, anti-retrovirals are intended to inhibit (anti) the life cycle of retroviruses (retro). By inhibiting steps in the HIV’s lifecycle, anti-retroviral medications effectively block the production of new virus particles and lower the viral load of the patient. Quiz Score: 100 out of 100