WCC Test 3 Review: Government Lawlessness & Corruption, Exams of Nursing

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WCC Test 3 (9-13) Review Exam 168 Questions with Verified

Answers

Justice Louis Brandeis of the United States Supreme Court said that governmental lawlessness was: - CORRECT ANSWER Contagious At the core of the Nazi atrocities was eugenics, which includes: - CORRECT ANSWER Selective breeding and compulsory sterilization In the Tuskegee Study, what population was used in the study? - CORRECT ANSWER African Americans In the Tuskegee Study, study subjects failed to receive treatment for: - CORRECT ANSWER Syphilis The object of depatterning is the disintegration of a subject's personality and one way to do this is through: - CORRECT ANSWER Lengthy periods of drug-induced sleep During the Cold War, the CIA tested knockout drugs and incapacitating substances at: - CORRECT ANSWER Georgia Tech Though most of the medical experimentation by the military took place decades ago, soldiers in what recent conflict were given an unapproved pretreatment for nerve gas attacks without their knowledge? - CORRECT ANSWER Persian Gulf War In 1995, it was disclosed that the government had conducted 4,000 radiation experiments between 1945 and 1974. Most of these experiments were conducted using ________ populations as subjects. - CORRECT ANSWER Vulnerable Prison studies are: - CORRECT ANSWER Economical The Lockheed corporation: - CORRECT ANSWER Caused the arrest of a former Italian prime minister Not only did certain individuals in the United States government funnel money to the Contras, but "third country" strategy had foreign countries like Saudi Arabia being encouraged to supply aid. The Saudi contribution exceeded $30 million. Why did Saudi Arabia contribute this money to the Contras? - CORRECT ANSWER To curry personal favor with the American president Who was president of the United States during the Iran-Contra Affair? - CORRECT ANSWER President Regan

The acronym CREEP stands for: - CORRECT ANSWER Committee to RE-Elect the President What happened to President Nixon? - CORRECT ANSWER Retired in luxury Nixon's imperious assault on the Constitution caused a crisis of:Nixon's imperious assault on the Constitution caused a crisis of: - CORRECT ANSWER Legitimacy President ________ ordered J. Edgar Hoover to conduct surveillance programs against American citizens. - CORRECT ANSWER Franklin Roosevelt The CIA's abuse of power included of all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER Always staying just inside the law The most secretive federal agency is the: - CORRECT ANSWER NSA The use or encouragement of torture by the CIA has a document history going back how long? - CORRECT ANSWER Nearly 50 years Abu Ghraib is a prison located in: - CORRECT ANSWER Iraq The Tuskegee study group was selected based on genetic predisposition for certain behavior. - CORRECT ANSWER True The DEA has a long history of medical abuse. - CORRECT ANSWER False A spokesperson for the Army scientific division argued that its experiments were no more dangerous than an urban bus ride and demonstrated the Army's contempt for humanity. - CORRECT ANSWER True In 1993, it was disclosed that the government had injected 18 civilians who may or may not have known of the risks with radioactive plutonium. - CORRECT ANSWER True In Chile, the CIA and ITT, an American corporation, worked to try and defeat Salvador Allande during the 1970 elections. When Allende was assassinated, his government was replaced by a military junta friendly to American interests. - CORRECT ANSWER True During the 1980s, the United States Congress was willing to authorize funding on behalf of the Contras in Nicaragua. - CORRECT ANSWER False There was only one individual that was sentenced in connection with the Iran-Contra affair. - CORRECT ANSWER True

Citizens of Japanese ancestry in Central America and South America countries were rounded up, handed over to American authorities, transported to the United States, and thrown into concentration camps in the early 1940s. - CORRECT ANSWER True Only five of the twenty-one business executives sanctioned for illegal presidential campaign contributions by the Watergate Special Prosecutor were convicted of "willful violations"; one of them being George Steinbrenner. - CORRECT ANSWER True The investigation of Martin Luther King began in earnest in 1962 with the knowledge and tacit approval of President John Kennedy, who publicly claimed he did not support King. - CORRECT ANSWER False During the Kennedy administration, the IRS was encouraged to target right-wing extremists. - CORRECT ANSWER True The National Security Agency (NSA) was the most secretive federal agency between 1952 and 1974. - CORRECT ANSWER True Which of the following is an example of public corruption? - CORRECT ANSWER Unskilled relative hired as a policy analyst "Little corruption" in the highest level of federal executive office has been: - CORRECT ANSWER Rare Inspectors in the Department of Agriculture have done all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER Failed to condemn beef infected with e. Coli bacteria Melvyn Paisley was an Assistant Secretary of the Navy for six years and was in charge of: - CORRECT ANSWER Procurement One of the busiest border crossings into the United States is: - CORRECT ANSWER San Ysidro Soft money is: - CORRECT ANSWER Unrestricted PAC stands for: - CORRECT ANSWER Political action committee. An unnamed congressman, after receiving a $10,000 check from an organization, did what? - CORRECT ANSWER Voted against a regulation requiring disclosure of defects in automobiles Prosecutions of corrupt federal legislators have been divided into three categories. They include all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER Theft Which of the following activities would not constitute payroll fraud? - CORRECT ANSWER Hillary Rodham Clinton hired to advise a congressional committee

Representative Daniel Flood of Pennsylvania flooded his home district with federal funds and numerous public institutions carried his name. He took money from businessmen to do all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER To contribute campaign funds to a personal charity. Who is the predecessor to Governor Rod Blagojevich? This individual was serving a 6- 1/2-year prison sentence the day Blagojevich was arrested. - CORRECT ANSWER George Ryan The eight-year, four-month sentence given to arch-conservative Duke Cunningham was ironic because: - CORRECT ANSWER he had argued for tougher sentences. Federal District Judge Alcee Hastings was impeached and removed from office after: - CORRECT ANSWER he was acquitted of conspiracy to commit bribery. After numerous tries, the government finally convicted Governor Edwin Edwards of Louisiana based on testimony from: - CORRECT ANSWER the owner of a professional football team. The worst scandal in a scandal-ridden city occurred in the ________ of New York City. - CORRECT ANSWER Parking Violation Bureau Which of the following would not be an example of police corruption? - CORRECT ANSWER Theft from a police supervisor's bank account Police officers could be the greatest ________ in the world. - CORRECT ANSWER Moochers Which one of the following could be a part of a shakedown? - CORRECT ANSWER Money for not making an arrest Working in close proximity to illegal activities and an abundance of illicit profits represents which explanation of police misconduct? - CORRECT ANSWER Structural opportunity Which of the following would be associated with grass-eaters? - CORRECT ANSWER Graft Which of the following would be associated with meat-eaters? - CORRECT ANSWER Aggressive corruption Hiring an unskilled relative as a policy analyst would be an example of public corruption.

• CORRECT ANSWER True

"Little corruption" in the highest level of federal executive office has been persistent. - CORRECT ANSWER False William Jennings Bryan was a famous orator who threatened to withdraw his legislative services if the bank did not refresh his retainer. - CORRECT ANSWER False The division of the DHS into multiple agencies with overlapping responsibilities has meant coordinated approaches to investigations. - CORRECT ANSWER False Giving money to an elected official is bribery when in return you receive a favorable vote on a piece of legislation. - CORRECT ANSWER True The ABSCAM operation was criticized because the amount of money involved was miniscule. - CORRECT ANSWER False Governor Fife Symington was the chief executive of the state of Texas, before he was indicted for defrauding creditors. - CORRECT ANSWER False Taking services or money for referring a business to a certain provider or company would be an example of a kickback scheme. - CORRECT ANSWER True Working in close proximity to illegal activities and an abundance of illicit profits represents a structural opportunity explanation of police misconduct. - CORRECT ANSWER True Aggressive corruption would be associated with grass-eaters. - CORRECT ANSWER False Boiler rooms with slick telemarketers offered full physicals for a little or no fee. This free diagnostic service turned out to be very costly because: - CORRECT ANSWER information was used to file claims against insurance companies and government insurance. The ripple effect of false medical diagnoses to get money includes which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER People unable to get life insurance The phrase "cartel-type frauds" used in connection with health care refers to frauds perpetrated by: - CORRECT ANSWER criminal organizations. Medicare is an easy mark for fraudulent equipment sales because: - CORRECT ANSWER of failure to account for the legitimacy of suppliers. In some instances, the equipment is not only nonessential, it is also: - CORRECT ANSWER overpriced.

Home care is a burgeoning business for scam artists. A company called Professional Care was paid for all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER care for nonexistent patients. ________ treatment accounts for 1/4 of all home infusion services, providing plenty of opportunity for would-be criminals. - CORRECT ANSWER AIDS Unbundling is: - CORRECT ANSWER a procedure where one service is divided into many services and billed accordingly. Bounty hunters in the medical fraud area are: - CORRECT ANSWER people who collect a fee for patient referral. What Houston school personnel have been offered rewards to refer troubled students? - CORRECT ANSWER Counselors The term "self-referral" stands for the practice of: - CORRECT ANSWER doctor selection of specialists and services based on financial connections. American dialysis patients are how many times more likely to die in a given year as those in Western Europe or Japan? - CORRECT ANSWER 2 Prominent universities and institutions have also been involved in Medicare/Medicaid fraud and abuse. Their activities include all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER not following guidelines and underpricing services. Excessive billing can take several forms. What are retainers? - CORRECT ANSWER Up-front fees for services covered by Medicare supplemental policies One investigator states that catching people who defraud Medicaid is like catching fish that jump into the boat. Why would he say this? - CORRECT ANSWER Only the stupid and reckless get caught. The case of Dr. Jose Manaya was described as shocking by the judge who sentenced him. Dr. Manaya had performed unnecessary ________ on patients. - CORRECT ANSWER cataract surgery Physicians are not the only ones involved in Medicaid fraud. Investigators have recently been looking into services offered by: - CORRECT ANSWER pediatric dentists. Dr. Olga Romani was involved in all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER refusing to treat a patient for diaper rash. Psychiatrists represent what percentage of all doctors suspended from Medicaid for fraudulent practices? - CORRECT ANSWER 20

Doctors at a clinic at the University of California-Irvine abused fertility patients in all of the following ways except: - CORRECT ANSWER terminating pregnancies without patient consent. Which of the following activities could constitute research fraud? - CORRECT ANSWER Adjusting findings to support grant applications Boiler rooms with slick telemarketers offered full physicals for little or no fee. This free diagnostic service turned out to be very costly because patients were required to furnish bank information and electronic checks were processed by financial institutions. - CORRECT ANSWER False The phrase "cartel-type frauds" used in connection with health care are frauds perpetrated by criminal organizations. - CORRECT ANSWER True Medicare can be an easy mark for fraudulent equipment sales because it often fails to account for the legitimacy of suppliers. - CORRECT ANSWER True Services that are designated so that the maximum fees can be charged is called upcoding. - CORRECT ANSWER True Fragmentation is where a number of charges can be made from what is usually one single less-expensive charge for services or procedures. - CORRECT ANSWER True Bounty hunters in the medical fraud area are doctors who receive a fee for a particular diagnosis. - CORRECT ANSWER False HMO selection of specialists and services based on providers in a network is referred to as "self-referral." - CORRECT ANSWER False Psychiatrists represent 20% of all doctors suspended from Medicaid for fraudulent practices. - CORRECT ANSWER True An item that millions use every day that makes it easier to catch psychiatrists in wrongdoing is a wristwatch. - CORRECT ANSWER True Using animals to test harmful drugs would be an activity that could constitute research fraud. - CORRECT ANSWER False Some argue that nursing home abuse occurs because of the vulnerability of its patients, the fact that the institutions are run for profit, and low pay for workers. - CORRECT ANSWER True According to the text, the broad but somewhat more specific definition of computer crime can be described as: - CORRECT ANSWER destruction, theft, unauthorized or

illegal use, modification or copying of information, programs, services, equipment, or communication networks. Which one of the following crimes could not be classified as a computer crime? - CORRECT ANSWER Assault Computer crimes may have begun with the use of the blue box. The blue box involved which instrument? - CORRECT ANSWER Phones An unauthorized program planted on a computer is known as a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER Trojan Horse Which of the following is unlikely to be classified as a computer crime? - CORRECT ANSWER Public intoxication WAREZ sites encourage which of the following activities? - CORRECT ANSWER Copying of copyrighted programs Crackers break which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Copy protection codes According to Cressey, embezzlers go through a process that includes all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER remorse. In the 1970s a Los Angeles-based insurance company programmed its computers to do all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER fail to pay legitimate claims. The acronym EFT stands for: - CORRECT ANSWER electronic funds transfer. Showoffs have which of the following qualities? - CORRECT ANSWER Goal is fun, not profit Hacking can include all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER a bank employee checking credit history of bank customers. The Masters of Destruction (MOD) corrupted the databases of all of the following companies except: - CORRECT ANSWER Sprint. Malicious hacking, affecting national security, has affected all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER Congressional committee files. Back door programs: - CORRECT ANSWER allow entry at will. Mafiaboy activities affected all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER Yahoo.com.

The magnitude of Mafiaboy damage was estimated to exceed at least: - CORRECT ANSWER $1 billion. Stealth programs: - CORRECT ANSWER hide from virus protection programs. If you send out 30,000 e-mails and get only one response, but you get $40.00 per response and you send out a half a million e-mails, how much money can you make? - CORRECT ANSWER $750, Phishng comes from a metaphor describing how early computer criminals used e-mails to lure fish for passwords and: - CORRECT ANSWER financial data. The Nigerian scam involved: - CORRECT ANSWER a ploy using deceptive e-mails and stories of sequestered funds. Computers can be used to commit all of the following kinds of espionage except: - CORRECT ANSWER social. In 1994, two computer hackers broke into the computers at: - CORRECT ANSWER Griffiss Air Force Base. The broad but somewhat more specific definition of computer crime can be described as destruction, theft, unauthorized or illegal use, modification or copying of information, programs, services, equipment, or communication networks. - CORRECT ANSWER True As a devoted member of the 1970s counterculture, Captain Crunch's favorite activity was spying electronically on the government. - CORRECT ANSWER False Computer crime has become increasingly globalized. - CORRECT ANSWER True International cooperation in regards to stealing software has faltered because of minimal economic impact. - CORRECT ANSWER False The average computer crime nets $500,000. - CORRECT ANSWER True Trap doors or sleepers allow a technique known as salami slicing to loot accounts. This is taking small amounts from a lot of people. - CORRECT ANSWER True Salami slicing techniques divert very large amounts of assets from private accounts. - CORRECT ANSWER False The most effective computer crimes are those perpetrated by experts. - CORRECT ANSWER False The motivation for the Masters of Destruction was money. - CORRECT ANSWER False

Mafiaboy got caught because he was traced through e-mails. - CORRECT ANSWER False Michael Bloomberg was the subject of a computer crime. He was asked to pay a sum of money in return for being advised as to the perpetrator's methods that were used to invade his system. In street crime terms this would be extortion. - CORRECT ANSWER True Over the years, the definition of what constitutes a phishing attack has been narrowed down to a few specific computer crimes. - CORRECT ANSWER False A reason for the Nigerian scam is that it has a well-educated populace. - CORRECT ANSWER False Commentators have suggested that white-collar crime flourishes because of the ________ reaction of law enforcement. - CORRECT ANSWER tepid There are questions as to why white-collar criminals suffer so little of the ________ experienced by street criminals. - CORRECT ANSWER stigma Conventional theories of crime have a tautological quality to them. Criminality is defined using the same terms as are used for causal factors. The term ________ might be substituted for tautological. - CORRECT ANSWER circular The authors of the text focus on the three basic levels of sociological analysis. These three levels include all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER individuals When some individuals engage in white-collar crime, though they are breaking the law, they are often ________ cultural values. - CORRECT ANSWER conforming to James W. Coleman argues that the source of white-collar crime is the culture of ________. - CORRECT ANSWER competition Economist Milton Friedman states that people are ________ guided by rational self interest in free markets. - CORRECT ANSWER utility maximizers Gresham Sykes and David Matza posit that ________ techniques make it possible for white-collar criminals to annul guilt. - CORRECT ANSWER neutralization One of the five common techniques to annul guilt is denial of responsibility where: - CORRECT ANSWER perpetrators claim that things happened because of factors over which they had no control One of the five common techniques to annul guilt is condemning the condemners where: - CORRECT ANSWER perpetrators claim to be victims

One of the five common techniques to annul guilt is denial of victim where: - CORRECT ANSWER perpetrators claim that those injured deserved what happened to them One of the five common techniques to annul guilt is denial of injury where: - CORRECT ANSWER perpetrators claim that there has been no direct suffering One of the five common techniques to annul guilt is appeal to higher authorities where: - CORRECT ANSWER perpetrators claim to be trying to achieve a more important purpose Corporate criminals also cast themselves in characters in the folklore of capitalism. In this myth they are: - CORRECT ANSWER simply ahead of their times and misunderstood Under the psychopathic wealth explanation of white-collar crime, previous generations are characterized as having all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANSWER more entrepreneurial In recent years the earnings gap between CEOs and employees has: - CORRECT ANSWER widened The richest ________ percent of Americans now own more wealth than the bottom 95 percent. - CORRECT ANSWER 1 Overstating earnings makes all the following appear more justifiable EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANSWER extravagant company medical benefits Between 1998 and 2003 nearly ________ public corporations were forced to correct financial statements. - CORRECT ANSWER 1, American Airlines CEO Carty lost his bonus and was forced to resign when ________ disclosed a proposal to raise salaries and pay enormous bonuses to select executives at a time when the company had lost billions and employees were asked to take pay cuts. - CORRECT ANSWER media Certain industries are distinguished by means and opportunities that are conducive to crime. These factors include all of the following EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANSWER public attention on business activities of industry All of the following could provide motivation in a criminogenic industry EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANSWER comp time In the world of high-stakes cheating in high-stakes testing, all of the following are tied to teachers and administrators providing a little extra help to test takers EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANSWER enabling students to graduate

Of the following the best example of an occupational crime would be: - CORRECT ANSWER embezzlement Of the following the best example of a corporate crime would be: - CORRECT ANSWER savings and loan frauds Comparative leniency extended to white-collar criminals, in contrast to street criminals, can be explained by all of the following EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANSWER victims' lives are not as affected Jamie Otis, a former senior director for Dynegy, turned down a plea bargain and because of the new sentencing guidelines for white-collar criminals the end result of his criminal case was: - CORRECT ANSWER the validity of guidelines was questioned Wealth maximization theorists argue that white-collar criminals suffer collateral consequences that street criminals do not. Which one of the following consequences do white-collar criminals actually suffer? - CORRECT ANSWER none The General Accounting Office has estimated that nearly ________ percent of the $ trillion spent by Americans on health care is lost to fraud and abuse. - CORRECT ANSWER 10 Losses attributable to white-collar crime are passed along to taxpayers and customers. This results in what segment of society paying the cost of white-collar crime? - CORRECT ANSWER the middle class Changes to federal law resulted in all individuals with deposits of less than ________ being reimbursed for losses in the savings and loan scandal. - CORRECT ANSWER all losses were covered The shift of white-collar crime losses from the rich to others results in what kind of tax? - CORRECT ANSWER regressive What major Wall Street firm continued to sell questionable securities to Orange County after warning of risks? - CORRECT ANSWER Merrill Lynch Diffusion of accountability is a common byproduct of fiscal irresponsibility. This results in higher interest rates and higher prices for goods and services—consumers pay more. The burden falls disproportionately on: - CORRECT ANSWER the middle class The Republicans 1994 Contract with America may have had unintended consequences favorable to the commission of white-collar crime. The Contract provisions favorable to white-collar crime include all of the following EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANSWER lawsuit awards for securities fraud easier to collect

One proposal to counter white-collar crime is for "executive transparency." This would require disclosure of: - CORRECT ANSWER