Wiley Plus Final Exam Review 1 Questions & Answers with Complete Solutions 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

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Wiley Plus Final Exam Review 1 Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 100% Correct | 2024 Which subspecialty of anatomy studies the structures and function of cells - Correct Answer-cell biology Atoms and molecules are part of which level of organization in the human body - Correct Answer-chemical A structure made up of two or more types of tissues that performs a specific set of functions is at what level of organization - Correct Answer-organ Which system of the body is responsible for elimination of wastes and regulating the volume and composition of the blood, including production of red blood cells - Correct Answer-urinary The development of specialized cells from unspecialized stem cells is a description of which of the following basic life processes - Correct Answer-growth pg. 1 professoraxe l Cells are able to transport materials from one region of the cell to another just as the body is able to transport substances to different locations, or skeletal muscles (working with your skeleton) can transport you from the sofa to the refrigerator. What basic life process is illustrated by this description - Correct Answer-movement The homeostasis of the body is controlled through a series of steps called a feedback system or feedback loop. One component of such systems is a control center. Which of the following organs would frequently serve as the control center for a feedback system (remember, the control center evaluates the disruption to homeostasis, and it also triggers a response) - Correct Answer-brain Regulation of blood glucose in the body is an example of - Correct Answer-homeostasis dissection of organs examination of tissues with a microscope investigating the chambers of the heart identifying the features of the bones of the arm ... examples of studying anatomy or physiology? - Correct Answer-anatomy pg. 2 professoraxe l Which describes the study of the functions of body structures - Correct Answer-physiology Hormonal or electrical signals are sent from the control center to the - Correct Answer-effectors If blood concentrations of thyroid hormones increase above a certain level, Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are inhibited and stop secreting TRH. This is an example of - Correct Answer-negative feedback Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the effects of hormones control of reproduction - Correct Answer- endocrinology If one was reviewing the pattern of tissue changes associated with disease development, they would be studying - Correct Answer-pathological anatomy If a doctor listens to a gurgling noise within the gastrointestinal tract, they are performing - Correct Answer- auscultation pg. 5 professoraxe l _____ occurs when an embryonic stem cell becomes a neuron - Correct Answer-differentiation Hydrochloric acid and pepsin are enzymes secreted by cells in your stomach to digest proteins. The presence of partially digested protein in the stomach triggers the secretion of more HCl and pepsin. Thus, once digestion begins, it becomes a self- accelerating process. This is an example of - Correct Answer- positive feedback The cytoplasm of a cell is made up of which of the following - Correct Answer-the cytosol and organelles In what part of a cell would you find most of a cell's genetic material - Correct Answer-nucleus Which membrane proteins are involved with the transport of molecules that otherwise would be unable to enter the cell - Correct Answer-carrier proteins Sodium-potassium pumps are examples of what type of cellular transport - Correct Answer-primary active transport pg. 6 professoraxe l What type of endocytosis allows cells to "drink" (take up tiny droplets of extracellular fluid) - Correct Answer-pinocytosis Which of the following organelles plays an important role in phagocytosis (a type of endocytosis), contains a variety of digestive enzymes, and has transport pumps that maintain an acidic pH inside the organelle - Correct Answer-mitochondria The nucleus of a cell contains one or more of these structures that are the site of production of ribosomes - Correct Answer- nucleolus During the translation phase of protein synthesis, where would you find an anticodon - Correct Answer-on the strand of rRNA In somatic cell division, a cell undergoes a nuclear division called ____, and a division of its cytoplasm called _____ - Correct Answer-mitosis and cytokinesis Sister chromatids of a pair of homologous chromosomes form tetrads, and crossing-over (exchange of genetic information pg. 7 professoraxe l What factors can increase the rate of diffusion - Correct Answer-steepness of concentration gradient, increase in temp, surface area of the membrane A cell placed in an hypotonic solution would - Correct Answer- swell and perhaps burst A cell placed in an hypertonic solution would undergo - Correct Answer-crenation A red blood cell placed in an isotonic solution would - Correct Answer-stay the same The key difference between active and passive processes is that active processes - Correct Answer-require energy Which of the following chemicals would be present in cytosol - Correct Answer-water, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids pg. 10 professoraxe l Haploid cells differ from diploid cells in that haploid cells have _____ the number of chromosomes as diploid cells - Correct Answer-half This type of membrane protein enables cells to catalyze specific chemical reactions at the inner or outer surface of their plasma membrane - Correct Answer-enzymes Which of the following types of membrane proteins function by recognizing and binding to hormones and neurotransmitters - Correct Answer-receptors Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of diffusion of a chemical across a plasma membrane - Correct Answer-amount of ATP available In this type of transport process, a solute (e.g. glucose) binds to a specific carrier protein on one side of the membrane. This binding induces a conformational change in the carrier protein that results in the solute moving down its concentration gradient to the other side of the membrane - Correct Answer- facilitated diffusion pg. 11 professoraxe l In this transport process, the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients - Correct Answer-primary active transport If the solute concentration is greater inside of the cell than outside the cell, water will move by osmosis - Correct Answer- into the cell What is the major function of histones - Correct Answer-help organize coiling and folding of DNA During this phase of cell division, organelles duplicate and centrosome replication begins - Correct Answer-interphase During this phase of cell division, the centromeres split leading to separation and subsequent migration of the two members of a chromatid pair to opposite poles of the cells. The cleavage furrow also begins to develop during this phase - Correct Answer-anaphase pg. 12 professoraxe l Which type of muscle tissue would have these characteristics: branched cells, usually has one nucleus, has striations (a striped appearance) - Correct Answer-cardiac Which type of muscle tissue is under the voluntary control of our nervous sytem. We can consciously control the movement of this type of muscle tissue - Correct Answer-skeletal Of the basic tissue types, which types have excitable cells - Correct Answer-muscle and nervous Mast cells are found near blood vessels in connective tissue and release histamine to promote inflammation as a response to - Correct Answer-injury or infection Which property of epithelium enables it to form coverings and linings of the body - Correct Answer-epithelial cells are closely packed and the cells are tightly adhered to one another Which of the connective tissue fibers imparts the greatest strength - Correct Answer-collagen pg. 15 professoraxe l Smooth muscle derives its name from the lack of - Correct Answer-striations Most epithelial and connective tissues in the body will repair if they receive - Correct Answer-proper nutrition and a blood source Which types of cell junctions prevent the contents of organs from leaking into surrounding tissues - Correct Answer-tight Which of the following characteristics are shared by all epithelial cells - Correct Answer-Cells are arranged in continuous sheets. There is little space between plasma membranes. All cells have a free surface Which type of epithelium makes up the epidermis - Correct Answer-keratinized stratified squamous About 90% of the cells of the epidermis are of which type - Correct Answer-keratinocytes pg. 16 professoraxe l The pigment-producing cells of the epidermis are located in which layer - Correct Answer-stratum basale Which of the following is not a correct statement about melanin - Correct Answer-melanin is necessary for the production of vitamin D by the skin Which layer has stem cells that undergo cell division to continually produce new keratinocytes - Correct Answer- stratum basale Which epidermal layer marks the transition between metabolically active cells of lower layers and the dead layers of keratinocytes of the upper layers - Correct Answer-stratum granulosum This skin layer is only present in places subjected to high levels of mechanical wear-and-tear, and provide an additional protective layer where it occurs, such as in the soles of the feet, palms, and fingertips - Correct Answer-stratum lucidum pg. 17 professoraxe l Examination of the nail beds and gums of the mouth are diagnostic tools for - Correct Answer-anemia in dark skinned people Which is the correct sequence of phases for deep wound healing - Correct Answer-inflammation, migration, proliferation, maturation Which might be due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the blood - Correct Answer-cyanosis As newly formed cells of the stratum basale are pushed to the surface, they accumulate keratin and undergo apoptosis. This process is referred to as _______ - Correct Answer- keratinization In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens - Correct Answer-Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells) Tactile epithelial cells are located in the - Correct Answer- stratum basale pg. 20 professoraxe l Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the - Correct Answer-epidermis Albinism is the inherited inability to produce - Correct Answer- melanin In which region of a long bone, such as the humerus, would you find the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) - Correct Answer- epiphysis Which of the following tissues could be found on or within a bone, such as the humerus - Correct Answer-adipose tissue nervous tissue cartilage osseous tissue Which two minerals are stored in major quantities in bone tissue - Correct Answer-calcium and phosphorus Which represents the correct sequence of development of bone cells - Correct Answer-osteoprogenitor cells → osteoblasts → osteocytes → osteoclasts pg. 21 professoraxe l Which is formed from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (a type of white blood cell) - Correct Answer-osteoclast Once osteoblasts have surrounded themselves with the extracellular matrix of bone tissue, they remain inside little chambers called __________ where they carry on the metabolic functions that maintain bone tissue. At this point, the cells are called osteocytes - Correct Answer-lacunae Compact bone is composed of units called osteons. In contrast, spongy bone is composed of _____ - Correct Answer- trabeculae The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchymal tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of _____ - Correct Answer-hyaline cartilage Most of the bones of the skull are formed by this process - Correct Answer-intramembraneous ossification pg. 22 professoraxe l With aging, bones can become more brittle. This brittleness is due to which factor - Correct Answer-with aging, there is a reduction in collagen synthesis by osteoblasts, which means a loss of tensile strength Bone can be classified as a connective tissue because it contains - Correct Answer-an extracellular matrix that surrounds open spaces During a needle biopsy of a person's bone marrow, maybe to test for the presence of cancer, pain is felt when the needle passes through the periosteum because - Correct Answer- richly supplied with nerves Bone remodeling, especially bone resorption, plays a role in the maintenance of proper levels of - Correct Answer-calcium in the blood Calcitonin inhibits activity of - Correct Answer-osteoclasts, speeds blood calcium uptake by bone, and accelerates calcium deposition into bones pg. 25 professoraxe l Hematopoiesis takes place in the ________ of some adult bones - Correct Answer-red bone marrow found in metaphysis of a growing bone - Correct Answer- epiphyseal growth plate lines the medullary cavity - Correct Answer-endosteum _______ contribute(s) to the hardness of bone while ________ give(s) it flexibility - Correct Answer-Mineral salts; collagen and other organics give rise to osteoblasts - Correct Answer-osteogenic cells osteoblasts vs osteocytes - Correct Answer-blasts build vs maintain tissue Ikea is a ten year old child raised on the planet Beneckea which has half the gravity of earth. Her parents have decided to move their family back to earth. Will Ikea need to increase or decrease her bone mass to live comfortably on earth - Correct Answer-increase pg. 26 professoraxe l The ______ is composed of hyaline cartilage and reduces friction between bones involved in a joint - Correct Answer- articular cartilage The cells active in fracture repair during the production of the hard (spongy bone) callus - Correct Answer-osteoblasts Cells active when cartilage needs to be removed so new bone can be produced - Correct Answer-osteoclasts How are osteons in compact bone tissue aligned? How does the osteon arrangement affect bone strength - Correct Answer-parallel to the length of the diaphysis; the shaft resists bending even when stresses are applied in certain directions List the order of the zones in an epiphyseal plate from the diaphyseal region to the distal epiphysis. A: Zone of calcified cartilage B: Zone of hypertrophic cartilage C: Zone of proliferating cartilage pg. 27 professoraxe l