WITS PRACTICE QUIZ LATEST UPDATED 2023/2024,ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST EXAM SO, Exams of Nursing

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Your client is past the acute phase of a cardiac rehabilitation program. What is their recommended rate of perceived exertion on a 20-point scale when performing aerobic exercise? (p. 369) - CORRECT ANSWERS 12- Which medication is known to influence submaximal and maximal HR and have a profound effect on exercise prescription? (p. 370) - CORRECT ANSWERS Beta blockers Hypertension is defined as which of the following? (p. 365) - CORRECT ANSWERS BP of 140/90 or higher Which term refers to the thickening of the artery wall that blocks blood flow to a certain region of the body? (p. 364) - CORRECT ANSWERS Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. Coronary heart disease accounts for what percentage of these deaths? (p. 364) - CORRECT ANSWERS 51% What recommendation would you give your client who is in cardiac rehab phases II and III on the frequency of aerobic exercise they should be doing? (p. 369) - CORRECT ANSWERS 3-5 days per week How many Americans are estimated to have hypertension? (p. 365) - CORRECT ANSWERS 80 million Which term refers to a lack of blood flow to the heart tissue? (p.364) - CORRECT ANSWERS Myocardial ischemia Which group of drugs is known to cause a significant degree of muscle problems? (p. 373) - CORRECT ANSWERS Lipid- Lowering Interference with the blood supply to the legs, often resulting in limping is known as: (p. 364/507) - CORRECT ANSWERS Claudication Which of the following are generally accepted guidelines for classifying obesity using % body fat? (p.378) - CORRECT ANSWERS >38% for women and > 25% for men

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When discussing macronutrients with your client what percentage should you suggest for carbohydrate intake? (p. 92) - CORRECT ANSWERS 45-65% Which macronutrient contributes to the formation of cell membranes? (p.93) - CORRECT ANSWERS Fat This type of fat comes primarily from animal sources. (p. 94) - CORRECT ANSWERS Saturated fat Which macronutrient is composed of carbon, hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen? (p. 94) - CORRECT ANSWERS Protein Your client is an endurance athlete how much protein intake should you suggest? (p. 104) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1.2 -1.4g per kg of body weight Which mineral if under consumed can lead to anemia? (p. 97) - CORRECT ANSWERS Iron Which term refers to athletes maximizing glycogen storage before a competition? (p. 105) - CORRECT ANSWERS Carbohydrate Loading Your client is a 34-year-old female. She has been working with you for over a year and swims competitively. You suspect she may be suffering from the female athlete triad. What does this consist of? - CORRECT ANSWERS Osteoporosis, disordered eating and amenorrhea Which term is used in nutrition to indicate that the nutrient cannot be manufactured by the body and must be ingested daily? (p. 92) - CORRECT ANSWERS Essential Carbohydrates can be divided into which three categories? (p. 92) - CORRECT ANSWERS Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides What is the E in Mr. Please? - CORRECT ANSWERS Establish if medical clearance is recommended

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What is the A in Mr. Please? - CORRECT ANSWERS Administration of fitness tests and evaluation of results What is the (last) E in Mr. Please? - CORRECT ANSWERS Evaluation of progress with follow up tests What is the L in Mr. Please? - CORRECT ANSWERS Level of desired exercise intensity What is the P in Mr. Please? - CORRECT ANSWERS Pertinent signs and symptoms indicative of CV, Metabolic, or Renal Disease What is the R in Mr. Please? - CORRECT ANSWERS Review medical history for diagnosis of CV, Metabolic, or Renal Disease What is the M in Mr. Please? - CORRECT ANSWERS Make certain the participant is a current regular exerciser When discussing the dietary guidelines with your clients what should you recommend in terms of sodium intake per day? (p.100) - CORRECT ANSWERS Less than 2300 mg per day The intake of which type of fatty acid should be as low as possible due to their link with negative health outcomes? (p.94) - CORRECT ANSWERS Trans fat Which of the following groups of vitamins are fat-soluble? (p. 96) - CORRECT ANSWERS A, D, E, and K Water makes up what percentage of body weight? (p. 98) - CORRECT ANSWERS 60% What does the body use calcium for? (p. 97) - CORRECT ANSWERS Cardiac and skeletal muscle function Which term refers to the primary storage form of fat in the body? (p.93) - CORRECT ANSWERS Triglycerides

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How many grams of carbohydrates should an athlete who trains heavily consume? (p. 105) - CORRECT ANSWERS 6-10g per kilogram of body weight Your client is a competitive athlete. What is your recommendation for hydration prior to competition? (p. 104) - CORRECT ANSWERS At least 4 hours The number of calories expended to maintain the body during resting conditions is known as: (p.248)

• CORRECT ANSWERS Resting metabolic rate Your client believes in a false theory known as spot reduction. You know this because she: (p.253) - CORRECT ANSWERS Only exercises her inner thighs hoping to lose fat faster there than the rest of her body You find out that your client has been consuming large amounts of food followed by purging. This is known as: (p. 254) - CORRECT ANSWERS Bulimia Nervosa Your client has a goal of gaining weight. What is your recommendation? (p. 255) - CORRECT ANSWERS Increase caloric intake by 200-1000 kcal/day Your client has a goal of losing weight. What should your recommendation be? (p. 250) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1-2lb per week Which of the following is a successful strategy for weight loss? (p.250) - CORRECT ANSWERS Target a loss of 1-2 lbs. per week and limit fat intake to less than 30% of total calories Which term refers to the energy needed to digest, absorb, transport and store food that is eaten? (p. 248/516) - CORRECT ANSWERS Thermic Effect The gradual accumulation of fat is known as: (p. 246) - CORRECT ANSWERS Creeping obesity Which statement is true of resting metabolic rate (RMR)? (p. 24) - CORRECT ANSWERS RMR is proportional to body size

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What is the percentage of adults classified as obese in the U.S.? (p. 246) - CORRECT ANSWERS 34.9% Which term refers to when less energy is consumed than expended? (p.247) - CORRECT ANSWERS Negative calorie balance Which term refers to how much of an effect results from a change in dose? (p. 218) - CORRECT ANSWERS Slope Which term refers to the energy needed to digest, absorb, transport and store food that is eaten? (p. 248/516) - CORRECT ANSWERS Thermic Effect Your client notices that after working out with you their gains are made continuously over time. This is known as a/an: (p. 220) - CORRECT ANSWERS Linear response Target heart rate relates to which part of the FITT principle? (p. 219) - CORRECT ANSWERS Intensity Aerobic versus anaerobic relates to which part of the FITT principle? (p. 219) - CORRECT ANSWERS Type A variety of physiological responses occur when an individual begins an exercise program. Which two physiological responses are most immediate? (p. 220) - CORRECT ANSWERS Blood pressure and insulin sensitivity How is the percentage of heart rate reserve (HRR) calculated? (p.225) - CORRECT ANSWERS Subtract resting HR from maximal HR When determining your clients target heart rate. Which is considered the most direct method? (p.

228. • CORRECT ANSWERS Maximal GXT method Your client is a 46-year-old typical healthy male. What is the optimal intensity threshold? (p. 229) - CORRECT ANSWERS 75%-90% of HRMax

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What can the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) can be described as? (p. 231) - CORRECT ANSWERS Indicator of intensity The Tanaka formula for maximal heart rate (MHR) is: (p. 230) - CORRECT ANSWERS HR = 208 - (0.7 x age) Your client is travelling and has to spend 2 weeks training in a high altitude location. In order for them to stay within their THR range what is your recommendation? (p. 241) - CORRECT ANSWERS They decrease the intensity of their exercise Exercising for 7-14 days in the heat to increase the capacity to sweat is known as: (p. 236) - CORRECT ANSWERS Acclimatization Your client had to stop their weight training routine due to an injury. During that time his muscles decreased in size. What is this known as? (p. 263) - CORRECT ANSWERS Atrophy Your client is a high school athlete on the basketball team. You decide to take him through a plyometric workout. What would this entail? (p. 263) - CORRECT ANSWERS Quick powerful movements that involve rapid stretching of a muscle followed by rapid shortening. Your client is a runner and you have decided to have her perform leg exercises to improve her running speed and endurance. This is an example of which principle? (p. 259) - CORRECT ANSWERS Specificity Which mode of resistance training provides more options for training through multiple planes of motion? (p.264) - CORRECT ANSWERS Free weights What does a general warm up include? (p. 268) - CORRECT ANSWERS 5-10 minutes of moderate to high intensity aerobic activities. You are designing a workout for your client. According to the resistance training guidelines what would the correct order of exercises be? (p. 271) - CORRECT ANSWERS Leg press before leg curl Your client is performing a triceps kickback with free weights. What type of resistance training are they using? (p. 261) - CORRECT ANSWERS Dynamic constant external resistance

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In terms of a squat, the eccentric movement occurs in which phase of the squat motion? (p. 262) - CORRECT ANSWERS Downward phase Which of the following refers to systematic variation in a resistance-training program? (p. 274) - CORRECT ANSWERS Periodization You have your client do a set of chest presses to volitional fatigue and then immediately have them do a set of flys. This type of resistance training system is known as: (p. 276) - CORRECT ANSWERS Preexhaustion system Which statement should is true about training children? (p. 277) - CORRECT ANSWERS May help reduce the risk of sports related injury Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity coupled with inadequate rest and recovery are characteristics of which of the following? (p. 282) - CORRECT ANSWERS Over training Your client has stopped training and their muscular strength has regressed towards their pre exercise levels. Which principle does this refer to? (p. 279) - CORRECT ANSWERS Principle of reversibility Which principle states that to make continual gains in muscular fitness, resistance training must be performed regularly? (p. 259) - CORRECT ANSWERS Principle of regularity Which RM load has the greatest effect on developing local muscular endurance? (p. 271) - CORRECT ANSWERS 15- Which training system has the client performing a series of different exercises with little rest between each exercise performed? (p. 276) - CORRECT ANSWERS Circuit training You assist your client in a hamstring stretch by gently pressing the leg into a stretch, as your client is totally relaxed. What type of stretching is this called? (p.305) - CORRECT ANSWERS Passive This type of stretching involves using velocity and a fast bouncy movement to stretch the muscle. (p.

305. • CORRECT ANSWERS Ballistic

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Tightness in the hip flexors can increase the: (p. 294) - CORRECT ANSWERS Lordotic curve Your client spends many hours at a desk working on their computer each day. They are at risk for: (p.

294. • CORRECT ANSWERS Increase in thoracic kyphosis and a decrease in the lumbar curve The spine is particularly vulnerable at what time of day? (p.296) - CORRECT ANSWERS Beginning of the day Which term refers to the ability to control the forces across the spine and pelvic girdle while protecting the integrity of the spinal structures? (p. 296) - CORRECT ANSWERS Core stability You are creating a stretching routine for your 15 year old client who plays lacrosse. According to the ASCM guidelines what should you recommend? (p. 303) - CORRECT ANSWERS Each stretch should be performed for a total of 60 seconds What is considered the foundation for the spine? (p. 296) - CORRECT ANSWERS Pelvis Low back pain in the youth population is most often caused by: (p. ) - CORRECT ANSWERS Stress fracture of the pars interarticularis Which of the following characterizes a functional curve? (p. 294) - CORRECT ANSWERS It's ability to be removed Which of the following refers to the junction of the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebrae? (p. 292) - CORRECT ANSWERS Facet joint Which of the following refers to a part of the body that allows for flexibility and acts as a shock absorber? (p. 293) - CORRECT ANSWERS Intervertebral discs Which term refers to loss of muscle mass often associated with aging? (p.344) - CORRECT ANSWERS Sacropenia

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Your client is a 72-year-old female. One of her goals is to increase her flexibility. Which type of stretch is preferred when designing a flexibility program for older adults? (p.351) - CORRECT ANSWERS Static A degenerative joint disease characterized by a decrease in the total amount of bone mineral and a decrease in the strength of the remaining bone is known as: (p.349) - CORRECT ANSWERS Osteoarthritis Studies show that resistance training can increase both muscle mass and strength in older adults. What is the percentage of 1RM that should be used? (p.345) - CORRECT ANSWERS 80% V02 Max decreases at a rate of how much per year in healthy men and women after the age of 20? (p. 343) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1% When designing an exercise prescription for an older adult client what should be recommended if they are extremely deconditioned? (p. 350) - CORRECT ANSWERS Duration should be divided into 5- 10 min segments Displacing the center of mass is on way to work on balance. According to the progression of difficulty which one would you start with when working with an older client? (p. 350) - CORRECT ANSWERS Turn in a circle During the initial consultation with a client you discover they regularly smoke. This type of risk factor falls into which category? (p. 5) - CORRECT ANSWERS Behavioral When discussing the FITT principle, how often an activity is done refers to: (p. 6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Frequency The degree of effort required to expend energy and is influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) or maximal aerobic power is: (p.6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Relative intensity You are establishing a strength training routine for your new client according to the ACSM/AHA guidelines. What would you recommend? (p. 10) - CORRECT ANSWERS Participate in resistance training activities at least two non-consecutive days per week

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According to current ACSM/AHA physical activity guidelines when designing a program for your client you should encourage them to perform: (p.9) - CORRECT ANSWERS 30 minutes of moderate- intensity activity 5 days per week Muscular strength and endurance, CRF, flexibility and body composition refers to: (p.6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Health related fitness What is the leading cause of death in the USA? (p. 5) - CORRECT ANSWERS Heart disease Health, fitness, and performance are three distinct goals with separate activity recommendations. You are establishing goals for your client who falls into the performance category. How many days a week should they train? (p.4) - CORRECT ANSWERS 7 Fitness programming that uses a variety of exercises to simulate routine tasks refers to: (p.13) - CORRECT ANSWERS Functional fitness While there are many benefits of physical activity there is also a potential for adverse outcomes as well. Your client participates in a contact sport. This falls into which category of risk? (p.11) - CORRECT ANSWERS Type of activity You are designing a strength-training workout for your client. How many exercises for the major muscle groups does ASCM/AHA recommend? (p. 10) - CORRECT ANSWERS 8-10 exercises for the major muscle groups ACSM/AHA recommends how many repetitions to maximize strength development when using resistance? (p. 10) - CORRECT ANSWERS 8-12 repetitions Your client answers "Yes" to one of the seven questions on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone. What is the next step? (p. 19) - CORRECT ANSWERS They must complete 10 additional questions Your client is a 49-year-old female who quit smoking 5 months ago and has a waist measurement of 30 inches. Which factor puts her at risk for cardiovascular disease? (p. 30) - CORRECT ANSWERS Quit smoking 5 months ago

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MR. PLEASE is an acronym used for the recommended health risk appraisal categories. The "S" in the acronym is when the personal fitness trainer: (p.18) - CORRECT ANSWERS Sets up an exercise prescription Upon reviewing your potential clients health history you find that he has been taking medicine for high cholesterol but did not indicate he had high cholesterol. He states because of the medication he does not have high cholesterol. What is the next step? (p.31) - CORRECT ANSWERS Note that he has a risk factor of high cholesterol The HIPPA act of 1996 allows for which of the following? (p.19) - CORRECT ANSWERS Protection of clients' privacy and rights Your potential client has indicated they are current regular exercisers and have signs indicative of renal disease. What is the next step? (p.25) - CORRECT ANSWERS Require medical clearance According to the Risk Factor Stratification an asymptomatic female with > 2 risk factors falls into which category? (p. 30) - CORRECT ANSWERS Moderate risk The results of your clients fitness tests should be compared with: (p. 26) - CORRECT ANSWERS Normative data based on clients age and gender ACSM/AHA recommends preactivity screening of participants prior to exercise because it: (p. 18) - CORRECT ANSWERS Provides a forum for building rapport and trust Your potential client refuses to fill out the PAR-Q+ or the HSQ. What is your next course of action? (p.22) - CORRECT ANSWERS Inform them of the benefits of screening Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? (p. 30) - CORRECT ANSWERS BMI > 30 The first step in evaluating health status using MR. PLEASE is to determine if the individual is currently participating in regular exercise. What constitutes regular exercise? (p. 23) - CORRECT ANSWERS At least 30 minutes a day for 3 or more days a week

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Your exercise prescription for your client involves oblique twists. Which anatomical plane do these occur in? (p. 40) - CORRECT ANSWERS Transverse How many bones are in the human body? (p. 38) - CORRECT ANSWERS 200 Your client has broken a short bone. Which bone have they broken? (p.38) - CORRECT ANSWERS Ankle The periosteum is a fibrous membrane that covers the entire long bone. It serves as: (p.38) - CORRECT ANSWERS Attachment for muscles The replacement of cartilage by bones which occurs during growth and maturation is: (p. 39) - CORRECT ANSWERS Ossification What is the shaft of a bone known as? (p. 38) - CORRECT ANSWERS Diaphysis The end of a long bone is referred to as the: (p. 38) - CORRECT ANSWERS Epiphysis The axis that is perpendicular to the transverse plane is the: (p. 40) - CORRECT ANSWERS Longitudinal Which term refers to the movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis toward the midline of the body in the anatomical position? (p.41) - CORRECT ANSWERS Internal rotation Your client is asked to get in the anatomical position for an exercise. Which of the following is correct? (p. 43) - CORRECT ANSWERS Stand with arms at sides and palms facing forward Which type of joint has minimal sliding movement between the bones? (p. 41) - CORRECT ANSWERS Gliding Your client is performing a bicep curl. What joint movement are they performing? (p. 41) - CORRECT ANSWERS Flexion

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The joint movement that requires the client to lift the inner edge of their foot with their big toe elevated is known as: (p. 53) - CORRECT ANSWERS Inversion The action that requires the muscles to overcome the force of gravity is: (p. 43) - CORRECT ANSWERS Concentric Your client is performing a standing hamstring curl. Which muscle is the antagonist? (p. 44) - CORRECT ANSWERS Quadriceps Which of the following terms refers to stimulation of one or more motor units to produce movement? (p. 43) - CORRECT ANSWERS Recruitment Your client displays the ability to maintain a balanced position after a disruption of their equilibrium. This is called: (p. 54) - CORRECT ANSWERS Stability To avoid straining the knee ligaments what is the maximum squat depth that is recommended? (p.

54. • CORRECT ANSWERS 90o Abduction and adduction occur around which axis? (p. 40) - CORRECT ANSWERS Anteroposterior Which term refers to immovable joints? (p. 40) - CORRECT ANSWERS Synarthrodial Which term refers to a band of tough inelastic fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone? (p. 42) - CORRECT ANSWERS Tendon The anaerobic energy system: (p.66) - CORRECT ANSWERS Is used to produce energy for short-term and high intensity activities and requires no oxygen Cells use which of the following as the primary energy source for biological work? (p. 66) - CORRECT ANSWERS Adenosine triphosphate Which of the following refers to the fundamental units of muscle contraction? (p. 67 - CORRECT ANSWERS Sarcomere

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How long can phosphocreatine last for during all out activity? (p.66) - CORRECT ANSWERS 3- seconds According to the sliding filament theory which filaments are the ones that slide pulling the Z lines? (p.68) - CORRECT ANSWERS Actin Type I fibers are: (p. 71) - CORRECT ANSWERS Slow and resist fatigue Oxygen consumption (V02) during exercise is measured by which of the following equations? (p. 72) - CORRECT ANSWERS VO2 = volume VO2 inhaled - volume O2 exhaled The greatest amount of oxygen the body can take in and utilize during exercise is: (p.76) - CORRECT ANSWERS V02 max The body loses heat by four different processes. Which of the following term refers to the process where a person sits on a cold marble bench and loses body heat? (p.87) - CORRECT ANSWERS Conduction Which of the following is true regarding systolic blood pressure? (p.81) - CORRECT ANSWERS Initially goes up during endurance exercise but can have an effect of decreasing over time Which types of exercises elicit high blood pressure responses in the body? (p.86) - CORRECT ANSWERS Isometric and heavy resistance exercises Which of the following is true regarding phosphocreatine? (p.66) - CORRECT ANSWERS Reacts with ADP to form ATP The point during a GXT at which the blood lactate concentration suddenly increases is know as: (p.78) - CORRECT ANSWERS Lactate threshold Which of the following is true about a high carbohydrate diet? (p. 74) - CORRECT ANSWERS Maximizes muscle glycogen and extends the time to exhaustion

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Which of the following are considered to be the primary fuels for exercise? (p. 73) - CORRECT ANSWERS Carbohydrate and fat Which of the following refers to the volume of blood pumped by the heart per beat? (p.79) - CORRECT ANSWERS Stroke volume Which is the primary heat loss mechanism during exercise? (p. 87) - CORRECT ANSWERS Evaporation When determining your client's exercise readiness the first step in preactivity screening is: - CORRECT ANSWERS health screening questionnaire You are meeting with your client assessing their health history. One of the factors you must take into account is the biological or inherited risk factors. This would include: - CORRECT ANSWERS gender Which is a lifestyle factor affecting cardiovascular disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS smoking Which is a lifestyle factor affecting cardiovascular disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS smoking Skill related or performance related fitness refers to: - CORRECT ANSWERS Coordination According to the ACSM guidelines, health outcomes are realized by doing a minimum of ___ min/week of moderate physical activity or ___ min/week of vigorous physical activity. - CORRECT ANSWERS 150/ The acronym MR. PLEASE refers to: - CORRECT ANSWERS categories of preactivity screening Which is a self-administered preactivity screening tool for identifying people at high risk for cardiovascular complications during exercise? - CORRECT ANSWERS physical activity readiness questionnaire The bones that are found in the limbs and are levers for movement are: - CORRECT ANSWERS long

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Plane that divides the body into a right and left side - CORRECT ANSWERS Sagittal Plane Example of a flat bone is a - CORRECT ANSWERS Scapula The type of joint most actively recruited in physical activity is: - CORRECT ANSWERS Diarthrodial Type IIx Fibers: - CORRECT ANSWERS fatigue quickly What is the function of a tendon? - CORRECT ANSWERS to link muscles to bones Oxygen consumption can be expressed as: - CORRECT ANSWERS VO2 inhaled - VO2 exhaled The ratio of CO2 to O2 is called: - CORRECT ANSWERS respiratory quotient An actin-binding protein which regulates muscle contraction is called - CORRECT ANSWERS tropomyosin What is the primary source of ATP for exercise that lasts about 2 minutes? - CORRECT ANSWERS glucose _____ is composed of nerve, muscle, and connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWERS skeletal muscle Which term refers to the body's ability to produce energy without utilizing oxygen? - CORRECT ANSWERS anaerobic Exercise performed at ___ for 20 to 40 minute, 3 or 4 days/wk increases and maintains CRF. - CORRECT ANSWERS 60%-80% HRR Nutrient density refers to: - CORRECT ANSWERS The vitamin, mineral and fiber content of food in a food

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Fat performs all of the following functions in the body except: - CORRECT ANSWERS transport of oxygen Which of the following is true about LDL? - CORRECT ANSWERS Formed from dietary saturated fat When the energy balance equation is negative you - CORRECT ANSWERS lose weight The intensity of exercise that provides an adequate stimulus for adaptation is called - CORRECT ANSWERS threshold RPE and %HRR are methods used to determine exercise : - CORRECT ANSWERS intensity Increased insulin sensitivity is a ___ response to exercise - CORRECT ANSWERS acute In isometric exercise training: - CORRECT ANSWERS Muscle tension increases, length is static DCER stands for - CORRECT ANSWERS dynamic constant external resistance Reduced amortization is a goal of ______ training - CORRECT ANSWERS Plyometric An exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine is: - CORRECT ANSWERS lordosis Which special population needs to avoid supine and isometric exercises: - CORRECT ANSWERS pregnant women According to the transtheoretical model, the ___ stage is the least stable and has the highest risk of relapse - CORRECT ANSWERS action During the ___ stage the individual is seriously thinking about changing behavior in the next 6 months - CORRECT ANSWERS contemplation

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You are working with your client to identify strategies for dealing with high-risk situations. What method are you using in the action and maintenance stage? - CORRECT ANSWERS relapse prevention Which is true regarding the use of ice in soft-tissue injuries? - CORRECT ANSWERS ice can help control bleeding Characteristics of an effective helper include: expression of understanding. This is known as: - CORRECT ANSWERS empathy Which one of the following is not considered to be a defense against neglegance? - CORRECT ANSWERS respondent superior ___ is a proactive administrative process that will help minimize liability losses - CORRECT ANSWERS risk management When the plaintiff has to show that the breach of duty was the cause of the harm it is called:: - CORRECT ANSWERS Causation Which of the following is a potential problem of exercising during pregnancy? (p. 354) - CORRECT ANSWERS Heat dissipation The most at risk for osteoporosis is: (p. 357) - CORRECT ANSWERS Older women of Caucasian and Asian descent Which type of exercise should people diagnosed with osteoporosis avoid? (p. 359) - CORRECT ANSWERS Plyometrics What is the most common site for osteoporotic fractures? (p. 357) - CORRECT ANSWERS Hip, vertebrae, and wrist Your client is in her second trimester of pregnancy. Which of the following do you recommend she avoid? (p. 355) - CORRECT ANSWERS Valsalva maneuver

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The most rapid loss of bone mineral density occurs in women during: (p. 357 - CORRECT ANSWERS Menopause What percentage of adolescent girls achieve the recommended levels for calcium intake? (p. 357) - CORRECT ANSWERS 10% ACSM recommends which of the following when working with children and adolescents to aid in increased bone density? (p.359) - CORRECT ANSWERS Intensity: high-loading forces in jumping Which term refers to a disease characterized by a decrease in the total amount of bone mineral and a decrease in the strength of the remaining bone ?(p. 357) - CORRECT ANSWERS Osteoporosis Your client has been classified as obese. One of the safety issues that you need to address is thermoregulation. What would your recommendation be? (p. 381) - CORRECT ANSWERS Work out during the cooler times of the day Which of the following is a healthy weight loss goal for clients who are overweight and obese? (p.

382. • CORRECT ANSWERS 0.5- 1.0 kg per week In order to avoid orthopedic injuries with your obese client you recommend which of the following? (p. 381) - CORRECT ANSWERS Water aerobics What percentage of American children are obese? (p.379) - CORRECT ANSWERS. 17.3% ACSM recommends which of the following as approach to exercise for weight loss? (p.381) - CORRECT ANSWERS Duration: 30- 60 min/day Which stage does the personal trainer market the benefits of exercise and is a positive role model? (p. 312) - CORRECT ANSWERS Contemplation Your client has successfully adhered to their workout program for 7 months. They are in which stage? (p. 411) - CORRECT ANSWERS Maintenance

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The confidence in one's ability to engage in a positive behavior or abstain from an undesired behavior is: (p. 410) - CORRECT ANSWERS Self-efficacy Your client is frustrated with working out and is having difficulty expressing why. You help the client to be more specific about their feelings and goals. Which characteristic of an effective helper does this represent? (p. 424) - CORRECT ANSWERS Concreteness Which of the following is a method used to identify and deal with high-risk situations? (p. 422) - CORRECT ANSWERS Relapse prevention One of the top reasons for stopping an exercise program is lack of time. Which of the following is an important strategy for understanding and overcoming this excuse? (p. 419) - CORRECT ANSWERS Self-monitoring Which strategy involves a written, signed, public agreement to engage in specific goal-directed behaviors? (p.420) - CORRECT ANSWERS Behavioral contract Which stage in the Transtheoretical Model has the individual intending to take action with in the next month and trying to determine what to do next? - CORRECT ANSWERS Preparation Which characteristic of effective goal writing states, "Goals should be practical and achievable"? (p.

419. • CORRECT ANSWERS Reasonable You are helping your client write out their fitness goals. You suggest they aim for actions rather than outcomes. Which characteristic is this referring to? (p. 419) - CORRECT ANSWERS Behavioral Which motivational strategy helps your clients reframe negative statements into positive statements? (p. 417) - CORRECT ANSWERS Cognitive restructuring In the Transtheoretical Model what is considered a crucial element during the action phase? (p. 420)

• CORRECT ANSWERS Reinforcement Your client has inflammation of their Achilles tendon caused by repetitive tensile forces. What do they have? (p.450) - CORRECT ANSWERS Tendinitis

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Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) typically begins to develop within how many hours? (p.451) - CORRECT ANSWERS 12-24 hours after exercising An emergency action plan (EAP) consists of which three components? (p. 448) - CORRECT ANSWERS Trained EAP personnel, communication plan, access to emergency equipment According to the PRICE principle the "P" in PRICE stands for what? (p. 451) - CORRECT ANSWERS Protection Your client is experiencing a seizure what is the first thing you need to do? (p. 463) - CORRECT ANSWERS Activate EMS Your client has diabetes and you are aware that exercise has the potential to lower blood glucose levels. In order to counterbalance this you suggest to your client which of the following? (p. 461) - CORRECT ANSWERS Increase in food intake or a decrease in insulin dosage Which of the following is a syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle degeneration and muscle enzyme leakage? (p. 452 - CORRECT ANSWERS Exertional rhabdomyolysis Your client has torn a tendon. What is this known as? (p.450) - CORRECT ANSWERS Strain Which heat related illness can cause organ system failure and is the most serious form of heat- related illness? (p. 459) - CORRECT ANSWERS Heat stroke Which cold related problem is characterized by freezing of deep tissue, including muscle and bone? (p. 460) - CORRECT ANSWERS Deep frostbite Which wound is characterized by an open wound with jagged edges and exposure of underlying tissues? (p. 454) - CORRECT ANSWERS Laceration You are training your client outside and are monitoring their fluid loss. You see that they have a water loss of 3-5%. Which of the following is this considered? (p. 457) - CORRECT ANSWERS Cause for concern

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You have your client sign an informed consent before working out. However, for a contract to be valid and legally enforceable it must meet four different elements. Which element states, "The purpose of the contract must be to accomplish a goal that is not against public policy"? (p. 475) - CORRECT ANSWERS Legality Which common cause of injury is defined as something that simply happens as a result of participation - no one is at fault? (p. 470) - CORRECT ANSWERS Inherent risk Which federal law prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities? (p. 476) - CORRECT ANSWERS ADA The plaintiff in a negligence lawsuit has to prove four separate elements. Which element does the plaintiff have to prove that breach of duty was the cause of harm? (p. 473) - CORRECT ANSWERS Causation Which term refers to practicing within your boundaries of training, education and certifications? (p.

485. • CORRECT ANSWERS Scope of practice Which document details the potential risks associated with exercise? (p.474) - CORRECT ANSWERS Informed consent form Which term refers to a proactive administrative process to minimize liability losses? (p. 480) - CORRECT ANSWERS Risk management There are three situational factors that determine professional standard of care. They are: (p. 477) - CORRECT ANSWERS Nature of the activity, type of participants, and environmental conditions Which type of fault is characterized by a fitness professional not taking any precautions to warn clients about a broken piece of equipment? (p.473) - CORRECT ANSWERS Gross negligence Which is the most common defense used by defendants in negligence case? (p. 474) - CORRECT ANSWERS Primary assumption of risk Who does the burden of proof fall on in a civil law suit? (p. 472) - CORRECT ANSWERS Plaintiff

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Which type of law can be classified into three levels of fault: intentional, negligence and strict liability? (p.473) - CORRECT ANSWERS Tort law In the four elements to proving negligence which element states the defendant owed a standard of care to the plaintiff? (p. 473) - CORRECT ANSWERS Duty