World History I & Honors, Study notes of World History

Download World History I & Honors and more Study notes World History in PDF only on Docsity! World History I & Honors World History I (World History to 1500) Learning in Place, Phase II April 6-10, 20-24 Name: _____________________________________ School: _____________________________________ Teacher: _____________________________________ World History I & Honors World History I (World History to 1500) Learning in Place, Phase II April 6-10 Task Text Write Describe Buddhist beliefs and origins. Passage 1 1. As you read: Select 5 Buddhist terms or phrases (i.e. Buddha, bhikkhus, The Four Noble Truths, etc.). For each word or phrase, write a general description or definition and create an illustration that demonstrates your understanding of the word as it relates to Buddhism. Describe Shintō beliefs and origins. Passages 1 and 2 2. As you read: Select 5 Shintō words from Passage 2 (i.e. kami, yinyang, deva). For each word, write general description or definition and create an illustration that demonstrates your understanding of the word as it relates to Shintōism. 3. After you read: Create a Venn diagram that compares and contrasts Shintōism with Buddhism. Then write three paragraphs that explain the similarities and differences between Buddhism and Shintoism. April 20-24 Task Text Write How is the geography of Africa important? Passage 3 Answer the following questions: 1. In your own words, explain the first sentence. Then, state whether you agree or disagree and why. 2. Provide a specific scenario (real or fictitious) where geography has impacted the history of a people? 3. Obviously, this author is focused on Africa. What geographical characteristics could you predict allowed Africa to be the “first habitat of man”? 4. What do you think happened to make Africa “the last to become livable” today? How did African geography impact the development of civilizations? Document 4 5. Examine all 4 maps. Look specifically at the location of Axum, Zimbabwe, and the West African empires of Songhai, Ghana, and Mali. Write a paragraph that explains how geography impacted the development of empires in Africa. Use specific information from all 4 maps in your response. Describe the rise and fall of the kingdom of Axum (Aksum). Passage 5 6. As you read: Create a timeline of significant people and events in the rise and fall of Axum (Aksum). 7. After you read: What role did geography play in the rise and fall of Aksum? Use specific examples from Passage 5 in your response, which should be at least ½ page (if typed, 12 point font, double spaced) or at least 1 page if handwritten (single spaced). In no particular order, the Eightfold Path of Buddhism teaches the following ideals for ethical conduct, mental disciple and achieving wisdom. Dalai Lama The Dalai Lama is the leading monk in Tibetan Buddhism. Followers of the religion believe the Dalai Lama is a reincarnation of a past lama that has agreed to be born again to help humanity. There have been 14 Dalai Lamas throughout history. The Dalai Lama also governed Tibet until the Chinese took control in 1959. The current Dalai Lama, Lhamo Thondup, was born in 1935. Passage 2 The word Shintō, which literally means “the way of kami” (generally sacred or divine power, specifically the various gods or deities), came into use in order to distinguish indigenous Japanese beliefs from Buddhism, which had been introduced into Japan in the 6th century CE. Shintō has no founder, no official sacred scriptures in the strict sense, and no fixed dogmas, but it has preserved its guiding beliefs throughout the ages. Nature and Varieties Shintō consists of the traditional Japanese religious practices as well as the beliefs and life attitudes that are in accord with these practices. Shintō is more readily observed in the social life of the Japanese people and in their personal motivations than in a pattern of formal belief or philosophy. It remains closely connected with the Japanese value system and the Japanese people’s ways of thinking and acting. Early clan religion and ceremonies Ancient Shintō was polytheistic. People found kami in nature, which ruled seas or mountains, as well as in outstanding men. They also believed in kami of ideas such as growth, creation, and judgment. Though each clan made the tutelary kami the core of its unity, such kami were not necessarily the ancestral deities of the clan. Sometimes kami of nature and kami of ideas were regarded as their tutelary kami. Early Chinese influences on Shintō Confucianism, which originated in China, is believed to have reached Japan in the 5th century CE, and by the 7th century it had spread among the people, together with Daoism and yinyang (harmony of two basic forces of nature) philosophy. All of these stimulated the development of Shintō teachings. The encounter with Buddhism Buddhism was officially introduced into Japan in 552 CE and developed gradually. In the 8th century there emerged tendencies to interpret Shintō from a Buddhist viewpoint. Shintō kami were viewed as protectors of Buddhism; hence, shrines for tutelary kami were built within the precincts of Buddhist temples. Kami were made equivalent to deva, or “gods.” According to Buddhist teachings, the deva are said to be undergoing the same suffering (dukkha) within the endless cycle of death and rebirth (samsara) that all creatures experience. Help was therefore offered to kami in the form of Buddhist discipline. Buddhist temples were even built within Shintō shrine precincts, and Buddhist sutras (scriptures) were read in front of kami. By the late 8th century, kami were thought to be avatars (incarnations) of buddhas (enlightened individuals who had attained liberation [moksha] from samsara) and bodhisattvas (buddhas-to-be). Bodhisattva names were given to kami, and Buddhist statues were placed even in the inner sanctuaries of Shintō shrines. In some cases, Buddhist priests were in charge of the management of Shintō shrines. Passage 3 "Geography is the mother of history. Nowhere in the world is this more powerfully illustrated than in Africa. The most [powerful] force in Africa's experience is Africa's environment - the combined elements of geophysical features, location, and climate… Africa has been a continent of abundant life but speedy death. Partly because of this…Africa has been the first habitat of man but the last to become truly [livable]." Source: Ali A. Mazrui, African scholar and author of The Africans: A Triple Heritage, Li ttle Brown and Co (1986) Document 4 (includes all 4 maps) Passage 5 The African kingdom of Axum (also Aksum), located on the northern edge of the highland zone of the Red Sea coast, just above the horn of Africa, was founded in the 1st century CE, flourished from the 3rd to 6th century CE, and then survived as a much smaller political entity into the 8th century CE. The territory Axum once controlled is today occupied by the states of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and Somaliland. Prospering