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WSET LEVEL 1 WINES LATEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM (QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS), Exams of Nutrition

WSET LEVEL 1 WINES LATEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM (QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS)

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2023/2024

Available from 09/17/2024

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WSET LEVEL 1 WINES LATEST 2024

ACTUAL EXAM (QUESTIONS WITH

VERIFIED ANSWERS)

What is Wine? An Alcoholic drink made from the total or partial fermentation of freshly-picked grapes' juice. What is Fermentation? Yeast feed on sugar, converting it into alcohol and carbon dioxide gas and heat Types of wine.

  1. Still wine
  2. Sparkling wine
  3. Fortified wine Still wines.
  • They have no bubbles
  • 8-15% alcohol
  • Named after a region (old world)
  • Named after a grape variety (new world)

Sparkling wines.

  • Carbon dioxide trapped (bubbles)
  • Champagne is the best known French Sparkling
  • Crémant is also an sparkling wine from France
  • Cava is made in Spain
  • Prosecco is made in Italy
  • Sekt is made in Austria and Germany Fortified wines.
  • Extra alcohol added
  • 15-22% alcohol
  • E.g. Sherry (Spain) & Port (Portugal) Styles of wine.
  • Colour
  • Sweetness
  • Body
  • Oak
  • Tannins
  • Acidity Colour of wine.
  • Red ➜ Black grapes. Juice fermented in contact with skins
  • White ➜ Usually white grapes but black grapes as well, no skin contact. Lighter & refreshing
  • Rosé ➜ Black grapes. Less skin contact. Level of Sweetness.
  • Yeast dies at 15% above
  • Remaining sugar will determine how sweet the wine is
  • Dry - Medium - Sweet Dry wines.
  • No sugar left during fermentation
  • Most wines are dry Examples of Dry wines.
  • White ➜ Sauvignong Blanc from NZ, Sherry from Spain & Brut Champagne from France
  • Red ➜ Chianti from Italy, Cabernet Sauvignon from California & Châteauneuf-du-Pape from France Medium wines.
  • Usually white or rosé wines
  • Winemaker either stops fermentation by removing yeast before all sugars are consumed or adds unfermented grape juice

Examples of Medium wines.

  • Germany white wines (Riesling)
  • White Zinfandel (rosé) from California Sweet wines.
  • Wine made out of grapes rich in sugar, yeast dies before all sugars are consumed or yeast dies because of the addition of extra alcohol
  • Sweetness and acidiy must be balanced ➜ not cloying Examples of Sweet wines.
  • Sauternes from France
  • Port from Portugal What is Body?
  • The general feel of the wine in the mouth when you taste it
  • Light - Medium - Full Light bodied wine.
  • Refreshing and easy to drink
  • E.g. Pinot Grigio (Italy) & Beaujolais (France)

Medium bodied wine.

  • Richer more substantial
  • Oak barrels ➜ extra texture
  • E.g. Merlot (Chile) & White Burgundy (France) Full bodied wine.
  • Powerful, concentrated and heavy
  • Ripen grapes & use of Oak barrels
  • E.g. Shiraz (Australia) & oaked Chardonnay (California) Oak.
  • Fermented or matured in oak barrels
  • Gives flavour, tannins & texture
  • White wine becomes buttery with vanilla flavour
  • Red wine becomes smoother with spicy character Tannins.
  • Found in black grape skins
  • Felt in teeth, gums and tongue
  • Mouth dry sensation
  • Provides structure and complexity
  • Help wines to mature Acidity.
  • Refreshing qualities
  • Mouth watering sensation
  • Too much acidity ➜ tart
  • Too little acidity ➜ flabby and flat
  • Helps wine to mature How can acidity prevents sweet wines from being cloying and sickly? By cleansing the palate and giving them balance. What factors are important for the grapes to ripen? Sunlight and heat. When can a grape be considered ripe? When the level of acid drops and the level of sugar increases. In black grapes the skin colour changes from green to red to dep purple. How would taste a wine made from unripe grapes? Thin and sour. Too acidic.

How would taste a wine made from over ripe grapes? Over alcoholic, flabby and lacking balance. What is the importance of climate? It can gives us an idea of the expected temperature and weather conditions in a region and how it will affect the grapes and therefore the wine produced in those regions. Cool climate.

  • Mainly white grapes
  • High in acidity
  • Lower in alcohol
  • Refreshing and crisp
  • E.g. North of France and Germany Hot climate.
  • Mainly red grapes
  • High in alcohol
  • Rich in flavour
  • E.g. South of France, Central Spain and Australia

What is Climate? The amount os sunlight and heat that a region normaly gets. Which are considered the Noble grape varieties?

  1. Chardonnay
  2. Sauvignon Blanc
  3. Riesling
  4. Cabernet Sauvignon
  5. Merlot
  6. Pinot Noir
  7. Syrah/Shiraz Chardonnay profile.
  • Dry
  • Full bodied
  • Rich creamy texture
  • Cool region: green fruits, citrus high acidity
  • Hot region: Stone fruits, tropical fruits
  • It can spend time in oak ➜ spice & vanilla Famous Chardonnays.
  • Chablis (France)
  • Champagne (France)
  • California Sauvignon Blanc profile.
  • Dry
  • Light to medium bodied
  • Refreshing high acidity
  • Green fruits and herbaceaous flavours Famous Sauvignon Blancs.
  • New Zealand
  • Sancerre (Loire-France)
  • Pouilly Fume (Loire-France) Riesling profile.
  • Dry to sweet
  • Light to medium bodied
  • High acidity
  • Intensily fruity
  • Stone fruits, citrus, floral & petrol (mature) flavours
  • Suitable for ageing

Famous Rieslings.

  • Alsace (France)
  • Mosel (Germany)
  • Australia How does ageing affect red wines?
  • Soften tannins
  • Allows wines to gain complexity
  • Develops aromas of leaves and mushroom Cabernet Sauvignon profile.
  • Dry
  • Medium to full bodied
  • High acidity
  • High tannins, deeply coloured
  • Black fruits & herbaceous flavours
  • Oaked ➜ spice & vanilla
  • Often blended Which other varieties are blended with Cabernet Sauvignon?
  • Merlot (Bordeaux)
  • Shiraz (Australia-California) Merlot profile.
  • Dry
  • Full bodied
  • Medium acidity
  • Low to medium tannins
  • Red fruits and black fruits flavours
  • Oaked ➜ spice & vanilla Famous Merlots.
  • St.Emilion (Bordeaux)
  • Chile Pinot Noir profile.
  • Dry
  • Light bodied
  • High acidity
  • Low to medium tannins
  • Red fruits flavours

Famous Pinot Noirs.

  • Red Burgundy (France)
  • Marlborough (New Zealand) Syrah/Shiraz profile.
  • Dry
  • Full bodied
  • High acidity
  • Medium to high tannins
  • Black fruits, spice & herbaceous flavours
  • Oaked ➜ spice and vanilla Famous Syrah/Shiraz.
  • Northern Rhône (France) ➜ M bodied/H tannins/fruity
  • Australia ➜ F bodied/softer tannins/spicy What is Chablis?
  • French white wine made from Chardonnay
  • Dry
  • Light bodied
  • High acidity
  • Green fruits & citrus

What is Champagne?

  • French sparkling wine
  • Made from Chardonnay & Pinot Noir
  • High acidity What is Sancerre?
  • French white wine made from Sauvignon Blanc
  • Dry
  • Medium bodied
  • High acidity
  • Green fruits and herbaceous flavours What is a Red Bordeaux?
  • French red wine from Bordeaux
  • Dry
  • Medium bodied
  • Medium to high acidity
  • High tannins
  • Blend of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot

Pinot Grigio profile.

  • Italian white grape
  • Dry
  • Light bodied
  • High acidity
  • Neutral/light flavours What is Sauternes?
  • French sweet wine
  • Made in Bordeaux
  • Full bodied
  • HIgh acidity
  • Stone fruit & honey flavours What is Soave?
  • Italian white wine
  • Made of Garganega grape
  • High acidity
  • Green apple and citrus flavours What is Châteauneuf-du-Pape?
  • French red wine
  • Made of 13 different grapes
  • Full bodied
  • Red fruit & spicy flavours What is Rioja?
  • Spanish red wine
  • Full bodied
  • Red fruit & spicy oak flavours What is Chianti?
  • Italian red wine
  • Medium bodied
  • High acidity
  • High tannins What is Beaujolais?
  • French unoaked red wine
  • Light bodied
  • Fresh and fruity
  • Red fruit flavours
  • Low tannins

When is the Harvest? In the Autumn What is the process to make Red wine? Black grapes are...

  1. Picked
  2. Crushed
  3. Destemmed
  4. Fermented in contact with skins
  5. Pressed to separate the wine from the skins
  6. Wine is matured
  7. Wine is bottled What is the difference when making Rosé wine? The juice is in contact with the skins for a shorter period of time so the resulting wine is lighter in colour (pink). What is the process to make White wine? White (even black) grapes are...
  8. Picked
  9. Pressed to separate the juice from the skins
  10. Juice is fermented
  1. Wine is matured
  2. Wine is bottled True or False: Red wines high in tannins are meant to mature further in the bottle? True When following a professional tasting technique, what are the 3 elements to assess?
  3. Look
  4. Smell
  5. Taste How to assess the Look of a wine?
  • Colour (Red - Rosé - White)
  • Intensity (Pale - Medium - Deep) How to assess the Smell of a wine?
  • Swirl the wine
  • Sniff the wine
  • Condition (Clean - Unclean)

What is an Unclean wine? A wine with unpleasant faulty aromas such as damp cardboard, vinegar or nail varnish. How to assess the Taste of a wine?

  • Take a sip
  • Draw the wine and some air in making a slurping noise
  • Sweetness (Dry - Medium - Sweet)
  • Flavours (Fruits, Flowers, Spices, Vegetables, Oak etc.)
  • Body (Light - Medium - Full)
  • Tannins (Low - Medium - High)
  • Acidity (Low - Medium - High) Best conditions to store wines.
  • Cool and constant temperature
  • Bottles lay on its side, cork in contac with wine
  • Kep away from sunshine or artificial light What would happen if the cork dries? It can let in some air that will make the wine taste stale and old. Serving temperatures for White wines.
  • Sweet wines ➜ Well chilled (6- 8 ˚C)
  • Sparkling wines ➜ Well chilled (6- 10 ˚C)
  • Light bodied ➜ Chilled (7- 10 ˚C)
  • M/F bodied ➜ Lightly chilled (10-13C) Serving temperature for Red wines.
  • Light bodied ➜ Lightly chilled (13˚C)
  • M/F bodied ➜ Room temperature (15- 18 ˚C) Glassware for serving wines.
  • Red ➜ Large size glasses
  • White/Rosé ➜ Medium size glasses
  • Sparkling ➜ Flute glasses
  • Fortified ➜ Small glasses Why large size glasses are recommended for Red wines? To aerate the wine, they allow air to come in contact with the wine to develop the aromas and flavours. Why medium size glasses to be used with White wines? So the fresh and fruity characteristics are directed towards the top of the glass.

How the flute glasses affect the tasting of Sparkilng wine? The long bowl allows the bubbles and therefore the flavours to travel through larger area before bursting at the top. Why small glasses are better to taste Fortified wines? Cause they emphasize the fruit characteristics instead of the alcohol. Best way to prepare the glassware.

  • Ensure no detergent residues remain in the glass
  • Polish them before each use Opening a bottle of Light (still) wine.
  1. Remove the top of the capsule
  2. Clean the neck of the bottle
  3. Draw the cork gently
  4. Clean the neck of the bottle inside-out Opening a bottle of sparkling wine.
  5. Ensure the wine is well chilled
  6. Remove the foil
  7. Loosen the wire cage
  1. Secure the cork
  2. Tilt the bottle 30˚ angle
  3. Turn the bottle, not the cork
  4. Hold the cork steady
  5. The gas pressure must be released quietly When serving wine ensure that...
  • It is bright not dull
  • No debris are floating in the wine
  • It smells fresh not unpleasant How many measures can you get from one 75 cL bottle?
  • 6 (125 mL) glasses
  • 4 (175 mL) glasses
  • 3 (250 mL) glasses Methods of Preserving wine.
  • Vacuum System ➜ Removes Oxygen
  • Blanket System ➜ Argon gas form a protective layer between the wine and air True or False: It is socially responsible to stop serving acohol to a drunken customer.

True World Health Organization recommends that...

  • Women should not drink more than 2 units a day
  • Men 3 units a day
  • Not to exceed 4 units on any occasion
  • Don't drink if driving
  • Don't drink if pregnant
  • Abstain from drinking at least once a week Drinking alcohol can impair your judgement resulting in increasing the risk of...
  • Injuries and accidents
  • Unsafe sex
  • Fights, arguments and relationship problems
  • Poisoning and alcoholic coma, brain damage and death Excess drinking on regular basis increase the risk of...
  • Alcoholism
  • Cirrhosis
  • Cardiac arrest and stroke
  • Stomach disorders (Ulcers)
  • Cancer
  • Social isolation What is the purpose of Food Pairing? To enhance both, complementing each other than when consumed separately. Things to remember when paing wine with food...
  • People have different sensitivities to various flavours
  • Consider individual preferences before making any suggestion Which are the two components in food that makes a wine taste Harder?
  • Sweetness
  • Umami Which are the two components in food that makes a wine taste Softer?
  • Salt
  • Acid How sweetness, Chili Heat and Umami in a dish can affect a wine? The wine will loose its fruitiness and sweetness, feeling more acidic, bitter and alcoholic.

True or False: Salt counteracts the impact of Umami on the wine? True The best pair to a sweet dish is... A wine that has higher level of sweetness. If the food is high in acidity, the effects on the wine are...

  • If wine is high in acidity ➜ enhances fruitiness
  • If wine is low in acidity ➜ seem flat and flabby Flavour Intensity rule. Flavours in wine and food do not overpower each other. Acid and Fat rule. An acidic wine "cuts" through the fat of a dish cleansing the palate. Subjective though. Sweet and Salty rule. Sweet wine with a salty dish. Subjective also.

High Risk Food

  • High Sugar ➜ Sweeter wine
  • High Umami ➜ add salt or acid to the dish
  • High Bitterness ➜ White wine or Low tannin red wine
  • Chili Heat ➜ Sweet or fruity white wine or Low tannin red wine Low Risk Food
  • High in Acid ➜ High acid wines
  • High in Salt ➜ High acid wines High Risk Wines
  • Very complex and structured wines
  • High Tannins (bitterness) + High Acidity + High Alcohol Low Risk Wines
  • Simple, unoaked, a little sweet Successful pairings.
  • Champagne and Caviar/Oysters
  • Sweet wines and desserts