WSET LEVEL 3 EXAM 2024-2025, Exams of Nursing

Download WSET LEVEL 3 EXAM 2024-2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

WSET LEVEL 3 EXAM 2024-2025 WITH

ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND

VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS

|FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS

AND SOLUTIONS |ALREADY GRADED

A+|NEWEST|GUARANTEED PASS

|LATEST UPDATE

What are the four noble varieties of Alsace (from most widely planted to least)?

1. Riesling
2. Gewurztraminer
3. Pinot Gris
4. Muscat What is the only red variety allowed in Alsace? Pinot Noir Aside from the 4 noble grape varieties, what are 3 other important white varieties in Alsace?
5. Pinot Blanc
6. Sylvaner
7. Auxerrois Where are the best vineyards in Alsace located? They lie on the steep east or southeast facing slopes of the foothills of the Vosges Mountains. Can biodynamic farming be practiced in Alsace? Yes, the low disease pressure in the sunny, dry conditions allows for this. In Alsace, which maturation vessel is preferred? Why? Wine producers in Alsace typically use stainless steel or large, very old casks to mature their wine. These inert vessels allow for the grapes varietal characteristics to be expressed/retained.

Is malolactic fermentation ever used in Alsace? With the exception of Pinot Blanc, malolactic fermentation is generally not used because it can mask the pure fruit flavors. What is an Edelzwicker? An Alsatian wine made from a blend of grapes. The term translates into "noble blend." What is Gentil? A blended wine from Alsace How many Alsace Grand Cru's are there? 51 What must be included on the label of an Alsace Grand Cru wine? Are the wines typically dry or sweet? The label will include the name of the vineyard. The wines are dry to off dry. What is a Vendage Tardive? A late harvest wine made in Alsace. Only the noble varieties are permitted. What is a Selection de Grains Nobles? A sweet wine from Alsace made from grapes affected by noble rot. They can only be made from the noble varieties of Alsace. What differentiates Alsace from other French wine regions? The wines are typically varietally labelled. What is the location and climate of the Loire? Located in northwest France, the Loire experiences three different types of climates:

1. Nantais and Anjou = Cool Maritime
2. Touraine and Central Vineyards= Cool Maritime with an increasing Continental influence.
3. Central Vineyards - Continental Do weather patterns vary or stay consistent throughout the Loire Valley? Because of the length of the river, there are signification variations in weather patterns in the Loire Valley. Variations in the weather patterns from year to year can mean that vintages differ widely. What are the four subregions of the Loire Valley?
4. Nantais
5. Anjou-Samur
6. Touraine
7. Central Vineyards What is the general style of Savennieres and what is the main climatic influence creating this style?

Dry, full bodied Chenin blanc wines. Air circulation around the well exposed vineyards impedes noble rot but enables late harvest Chenin Blanc for full bodied, complex dry wines that can age for decades. What are the 2 key red grape varieties of Anjou-Samur?

1. Cabernet Franc
2. Gamay What red grape varieties are used for rosé wines in Anjou-Samur?
3. Cabernet Franc/ Cabernet Sauvignon
4. Gamay
5. Grolleau What is the key white grape variety of Anjou-Samur? Chenin Blanc What is the key red grape variety of Touraine? Cabernet Franc What are the 2 key white grape varieties of Touraine?
6. Chenin Blanc
7. Sauvignon Blanc What are 2 key grape varieties of the Central Vineyards? Red= Pinot Noir White = Sauvignon Blanc What two wine regions famously require hand-picked grapes? Beaujolais and Champagne both require whole bunches; Beaujolais for carbonic maceration, and Champagne to minimize oxidation and color. Define "passerillage" Allowing grapes to shrivel on the vine, resulting in a concentration of sugars and flavors. Which two methods of production are used to make sweet wines in the Loire?
8. Noble Rot
9. Passerillage Is oak used to mature red wine from the Loire? There is some use of oak for Cabernet Franc Which grape is carbonic maceration commonly associated with in France? Gamay in Beaujolais Is oak used for white wine maturation in the Loire?

Very little oak is used and neutral vessels are preferred. Describe the production process of Muscadet sur Lie. What region does it come from? Comes from the Nantais region of the Loire Valley. Muscadet sur Lie is a wine bottled directly from the tank or cask after having been aged, on its fine lees (yeast sediment) over the winter months. It is largely domaine bottled and, because it is handled very little, should retain its delicacy and freshness. Name 2 key wines from the Nantais?

1. Muscadet
2. Muscadet Sevre et Maine sur Lie Name 4 key wines from Anjou-Samur?
3. Anjou
4. Samur
5. Coteaux du Layon
6. Savennieres Name 4 key wines from Touraine?
7. Touraine
8. Vouvray
9. Chinon
10. Bourgueil Name 3 key wines from the Central Vineyards of the Loire?
11. Sancerre
12. Pouilly-Fume
13. Menetou-Salon What is the name of the IGP that covers the entire Loire Valley region? Val de Loire IGP covers the entire Loire Valley. What are the 2 key grape varieties of Anjou AC? What other varieties are also seen in the region?
14. Chenin Blanc
15. Cabernet Franc

Grolleau and Gamay are also seen in Anjou AC. What are the key grape varieties of the Saumur AC?

1. Chenin Blanc
2. Cabernet Franc What type of wine comes from the Coteaux du Layon?

A sweet wine made from Chenin Blanc; possessing a fresh fruit character and mouth-watering acidity. The alcohol is usually around 12-14% and botrytis can be present (to a greater or lesser extent) helping to add body and texture. What two sites have their own appellations within the Coteaux du Layon and rank among the world's greatest sweet wines?

1. Quarts de Chaume AC
2. Bonnezeaux AC Savennieres is produced from which grape variety? Chenin Blanc What grape variety is used in the key AC wines from the Nantais? Melon Blanc (aka Melon de Bourgogne, aka Muscadet) What is the main grape variety in Sancerre? Sauvignon Blanc What is the main grape variety in Menetou-Salon? Sauvignon Blanc What is the main grape variety of Pouilly-Fume? Sauvignon Blanc What are the 5 main grape varieties in Touraine AC?
3. Sauvignon Blanc
4. Chenin Blanc
5. Cabernet Franc
6. Gamay
7. Malbec What is the main grape variety in Vouvray? Chenin Blanc What is the main grape variety in the Chinon and Bourgueil ACs? Cabernet Franc What is the location and climate of the Rhone Valley? Located in southeast France, the Rhone Valley experiences two different climates. In the north, it is moderate to warm continental. In the south, it is warm Mediterranean. What environmental factor in the southern Rhone has a cooling effect but can also damage vines? The Mistral wind.

What is the only red grape variety permitted in the northern Rhone? Syrah What are the 3 white grape varieties permitted in the northern Rhone?

1. Viognier
2. Roussanne
3. Marsanne What are the 4 main red grape varieties of the southern Rhone?
4. Grenache
5. Syrah
6. Mourvedre
7. Cinsault What are the 2 main white grape varieties of the southern Rhone?
8. Grenache Blanc
9. Clairette What is the topography of the northern Rhone? Where are the best vineyards located? The valley is quite narrow and steep in the northern Rhone with the best vineyards planted on steep slopes with a south facing aspect located close to the river. Where are vineyards planted on flatter terrain? In the northern or southern Rhone region? Southern Rhone Are the soils more varied in northern or southern Rhone? Southern Rhone What type of pruning method is used in the southern Rhone for Grenache? Is the same system employed for Syrah? For the most part, Grenache is bush trained and the shoots that hang down offer extra shade for the grapes in the hot, dry climate. The low training also offers protection from the Mistral wind and benefits from the warmth radiated from the soil. Syrah is susceptible to wind damage and benefits from the support offered by guyot pruning and wire or stake training. Why are windbreaks planted in the southern Rhone? Unlike northern Rhone, the vineyards of the south have fewer slopes to protect the vines from the Mistral wind. These winds gain speed in this area and can cause extensive damage to the vineyards. What is the most widely planted grape of the southern Rhone? Grenache Is carbonic maceration employed in the Rhone Valley?

Yes, for the lighter styles of wine, carbonic maceration is used in the production of some red Cotes-du- Rhone wines of the south. Is new oak ever used in winemaking of Rhone valley wines? New oak is being used more and more in the northern Rhone. New oak has a tendency to overwhelm the more delicate flavors of Grenache and thus is not used as much in the southern Rhone. What are the 6 key wine regions of the northern Rhone (from north to south)?

1. Cote Rote (r)
2. Condrieu (w)
3. Saint Joseph (r/w)
4. Hermitage (r/w)
5. Crozes-Hermitage (r/w)
6. Cornas (r) What are the 7 key wine regions of the southern Rhone?
7. Cotes du Rhone (r/w/rose)
8. Cotes du Rhone Villages (r/w/rose)
9. Vacqueyras (r)
10. Gigondas (r)
11. Chateauneuf-du-Pape (r/w)
12. Lirac (r/rose)
13. Tavel (rose) What is the only permitted red grape variety in Cote Rotie? Syrah Does Cote Rotie require 100% Syrah? No, although only red wines can be produced in this region (from the Syrah grape), up to 20% Viognier is allowed to be co-fermented with Syrah. Wines from Condrieu must be made solely from what grape variety? Viognier What is the red grape variety in Saint-Joseph? Syrah What are the 2 white grape varieties permitted in Saint-Joseph?
14. Marsanne
15. Roussanne What is the red grape variety permitted in Crozes-Hermitage? Syrah

What are the 2 white grape varieties permitted in Crozes-Hermitage?

1. Marsanne
2. Roussanne What is the red grape variety of Hermitage? Syrah What are the 2 white grape varieties permitted in Hermitage?
3. Marsanne
4. Roussanne What is/are the red grape variety(ies) permitted in Cornas? Syrah What Rhone valley region does Chateau Grillet AC fall under? What types of wines does it produce? Chateau Grillet AC is a single property enclave within Condrieu producing white wines made solely from Viognier. Which red wine is considered to be the fullest bodied of the northern Rhone reds and is known to age well? Red Hermitage; the greatest of these may last for 50 years or more. What is the most important region of the northern Rhone in terms of volume? Crozes-Hermitage Which region of the northern Rhone can only produce wines made from 100% Syrah? Cornas What are the three most expensive regions in the northern Rhone?
5. Cote Rotie
6. Condrieu
7. Hermitage What are the 3 main red grape varieties in Cotes-du-Rhone?
8. Grenache
9. Syrah
10. Mourvedre What are the 2 main white grape varieties in Cotes-du-Rhone Villages?
11. Clairette
12. Grenache Blanc

What appellation in the Rhone Valley is responsible for more than half of the entire production of the region? Cotes-du-Rhone AC accounts for more than half of the entire production of the Rhone Valley, most of which is red wine. What are the 2 main grape varieties used for rosé in Cotes-du-Rhone, Cotes-du-Rhone Villages, Lirac, and Tavel?

1. Cinsault
2. Grenache What is the main grape variety of Vacqueyras and Gigondas? Grenache Are Vacqueyras and Gigondas allowed to use grape varieties other than Grenache in the production of their red wines? Yes, they are allowed to use Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsault, and others. They are made in a similar full- bodied, spicy style of Chateauneuf du Pape. What is the main red grape variety of Chateauneuf-du-Pape? Grenache Which two southern Rhone crus are located on the west bank of the Rhone river?
3. Lirac
4. Tavel Which key region of the southern Rhone can only produce rose wines? What are the 2 grape varieties mainly used? Tavel which uses Cinsault and Grenache mainly in their roses (other grapes are allowed). What is the climate of southern France? Warm Mediterranean (mitigated by altitude) True or False: Southern France has the largest vineyard area in France. True Does southern France have more plantings dedicated to red or white grapes? Red varieties account for well over 75% of plantings in southern France. What are the top three red grape varieties grown in southern France?
5. Grenache
6. Syrah
7. Carignan

What are the top two white varieties planted in southern France?

1. Chardonnay
2. Sauvignon Blanc What are the three main regions that make up southern France?
3. Languedoc 2) Roussillon
4. Provence What area lies east of the Rhone and extends to the Italian border? Provence What areas lie west of the Rhone and extends to the Spanish border? Languedoc and Roussillon What two environmental factors can have a cooling influence but, can also damage the vines of southern France?
5. Mistral
6. Tramontane Where are the best vineyards of southern France located? Vineyards planted inland in the foothills are noticeably cooler and have less fertile, well-drained soils that better suit quality viticulture. What is the biggest viticultural challenge in southern France? Drought True or False? Fungal disease is very prevalent in southern France. False; fungal disease is less of a problem in southern France than anywhere else in the country. (dry conditions) True or False? The focus of production in the south of France has long since moved from large volumes of poor quality Vin de Table to higher quality Vin de Pays (IGP) and AC wines. True; nevertheless, it continues to be in a state of flux. Producers who have been able to invest in modern equipment and techniques have achieved a dramatic increase in quality. Describe the landscape of Provence. Varied, and broken up by many prominent ranges of hills which offer protection from the Mistral. Which is the largest appellation in Provence? Cotes de Provence What AC in southern France produces premium full-bodied red wines based on the Mourvedre grape? Bandol AC

What are the 8 key wine regions of Languedoc and Roussillon?

1. Languedoc AC (r/w/rose)
2. Minervois AC (r/w/rose)
3. Corbieres AC (r/w/rose)
4. Fitou AC (r)
5. Cotes du Roussillon AC (r/w/rose)
6. Cotes du Roussillon Villages AC (r)
7. Pays d'Oc IGP (r/w/rose) 8)Picpoul de Pinet (w) What are the 4 main red grape varieties of Languedoc AC?
8. Carignan
9. Grenache
10. Syrah
11. Mourvedre Describe the attributes of the best red wines of the Languedoc AC. Full-bodied with concentrated spicy red fruits with oak flavors. True or false: Wines made in Roussillon can be labelled under the with the generic appellation of Languedoc AC. True. Languedoc AC is a generic appellation that covers all vineyards from the Spanish border to Nimes which includes both the Languedoc and Roussillon. What majority of the wines from the south of France come from what 3 departments? Aude, Herault and Gard What are the 4 main red grape varieties of Corbieres AC?
12. Carignan 2)Grenache 3) Syrah 4) Mourvedre Does Corbieres cover warm sites near the coast or vineyards planted at altitude? Both. The region is sub-divided into 11 sub-regions, the best of which is Boutenac AC. What are the four main grape varieties of Fitou AC?
13. Carignan
14. Grenache
15. Syrah
16. Mourvedre

This is a red wine appellation only. What contributes to the success of IGP Pays d'Oc wines?

1. wider range of grape varieties allowed
2. varietal labelling
3. warm, sunny climate allowing for large volumes of ripe, fruity wines What are the most widely planted LOCAL white varieties of Southern France?
4. muscat 2) grenache blanc What is the climate of Germany? Cool/moderate continental What two environmental factors can cause problems in Germany?
5. Spring frosts
6. Summer rain Does Germany have the weather conditions necessary for the development noble rot? Yes, humidity in the autumn can help promote noble rot. In Germany, are weather patterns typically consistent or varied from year to year? Conditions can vary considerably from year to year in Germany. Does Germany have a long or short ripening season? How does this impact the flavor profile of the grapes? Germany has a long cool ripening period which gives grapes time to develop a good level of natural sugar while retaining their acidity. In the Mosel, where are the best Einzellagen located? What type of soil do they have? The best Einzellagen (single vineyards) lie close to the river and are planted on very steep slopes with a south facing aspect. Stony slate soils play a vital role in storing and radiating heat back up to the vine, extending ripening. These soils are also well draining. In Germany, do white or red grape varieties account for more plantings? White grapes account for more plantings. Largely because of the climate, white grapes account for just over 60% of the plantings in Germany. In Germany, which two grape varieties account for well over half of all white plantings?
7. Riesling
8. Muller-Thurgau (Rivaner) In Germany, what is a synonym for Muller-Thurgau? Rivaner Which grape variety is a cross between Riesling and Madeleine Royal? Muller-Thurgau (Rivaner)

What are the top 5 white grape varieties in Germany?

1. Riesling
2. Muller-Thurgau
3. Silvaner
4. Grauburgunder
5. Weissburgunder What is a synonym for Grauburgunder? Pinot Gris (and Ruländer) What is a synonym for Weissburgunder? Pinot Blanc What are the top 2 red grape varieties of Germany?
6. Spätburgunder (Pinot Noir)
7. Dornfelder What is a synonym for Spätburgunder? Pinot Noir Where are the best vineyards of Germany located? The best vineyard sites are often located on very steep south facing slopes in the proximity of a river. Why is harvesting in Germany a protracted process? Grapes for different Pradikatswein are picked at different levels of sugar ripeness and/or botrytis infection. Often the vineyard workers will do up to seven selective pickings for the different quality levels of each vintage. Name the 7 key wine regions of Germany from north to south?
8. Mosel
9. Rheingau
10. Nahe
11. Franken
12. Rheinhessen
13. Pfalz
14. Baden What is the key village of the Nahe? What type of wines is produced her? Schlossböckelheim

Riesling is the most widely planted variety, and it can be made in a style that lies in between that of the Mosel and the fuller bodied Rhine wines. They have the pronounced acidity of the Mosel, yet they can have a slightly riper fruit character as the climate here is warmer.

What are the 3 key villages in the Rheingau? What type of wines are produced here?

1. Rüdesheim
2. Geisenheim
3. Johannisberg

Riesling dominates plantings and more than 80% the wines are made in a dry style. They have a medium to full body w/ a ripe peach character. Humid conditions generated by the Rhine means that some of Germany's best BA and TBA wines are made here too. What is Germany's largest vine-growing region? Rheinhessen What is the key village of the Rheinhessen? What are the vineyards often referred to as? What type of wines are produced? Nierstein in Germany.

These vineyards are often referred to as the Rheinterrasse and produce some of the fullest bodied Rieslings in Germany. What are the 2 key villages of the Pfalz? What type of wines are produced here?

1. Forst
2. Deidesheim

Riesling is the most widely planted grape, and the style here is ripe and fuller bodied. Muller-Thurgau is grown and plantings of Grauburgunder and Weissburgunder are increasing. Dornfelder is the second most planted grape (of either color) with other black plantings including: Portugieser and Spatburgunder. What is the key village of Baden? What is the top quality wine of the region? Kaiserstuhl-Tuniberg

An extinct volcano, the vineyards are on south-facing slopes and make the most of the available warmth. The area has built up a reputation for top quality Spätburgunder. What is the key village of Franken? What type of wines are produced here? Würzburg

Silvaner can achieve a concentration in Franken that is rarely achieved elsewhere in Germany. Silvaner and Müller-Thurgau are the most widely planted as Riesling used to struggle to ripen well here. What type of wines does the Mittelrhein produce? In what region is it found? The Mittelrhein produces light bodied dry Rieslings in the Ahr region. In which two regions is spätburgunder particularly important in Germany?

1. Pfalz 2) Baden What are the 6 levels ripeness (from lowest to highest) of Germany's Prädikatswein?
2. Kabinett
3. Spätlese
4. Auslese
5. Beerenauslese
6. Eiswein
7. Trockenbeerenauslese What are the 3 requirements of a German QbA wine?
8. Grapes must be grown exclusively in one of the 13 Anbaugebiete/region (blending regions is forbidden)
9. Label must show the region it comes from
10. Label must give an indication of style What are 3 key differences between QbA and Prädikatswein?
11. QbA minimum permitted must weights are lower than those required for Prädikatswein
12. QbA wines are allowed to undergo must enrichment; Prädikatsweins are not (although they can be sweetened with Süssreserve).
13. Prädikatswein must come from a single Anbaugebiet as well as a single Bereich (a district) within that Anbaugebiet) whereas QbA must come from a single Anbaugebiet only. What is the name of the German PGI wine category?
14. Landwein What is Deutscher Wein? The term for a wine without a G.I. in Germany (replacing Deutscher Tafelwein) allowing for blending across Germany. Some large-volume, inexpensive export brands fall into this category. Define "Bereich" A district within a German Anbaugebiet Define "Grosslage" A group of vineyards in Germany Define "Einzellage" A single vineyard in Germany Define "Trocken" German term for "dry" Define "Halbtrocken"

German term for "off-dry" Are the vast majority of wines produced in Germany labelled Landwein? No, the vast majority of wines produced in Germany are PDO wines. If Germany's Trockenbeerenauslese wines must be sweet, why is the word trocken, which means dry, in the name of the wine? The berries, not the wine, are dry; they are so affected with botrytis that the berries are shrivelled. Define "Erstes Gewächs" A term used in the Rheingau to refer to the dry wines made from Erste Lage sites. In all other areas, these dry wines from Erste Lage sites are known as "Grosses Gewächs". Define "Erste Lage" The best vineyard sites defined by the VPD (a prestigious association of self-elected best producers throughout Germany). What is the climate of Austria? Moderate continental In Germany, is a Kabinett wine a Qualitätswein or Prädikatswein? What about in Austria? In Germany, Kabinett is a Prädikatswein; however, it Austria, it is a Qualitätswein. Why are many areas of Austria marked with a high diurnal range? The more northerly regions can experience cooling northerly winds whereas those closest to the Hungarian border are warmed by the easterly winds. These help contribute to the wide variations of temperature throughout the day. Is the autumn ripening season of Austria short or long? Long; because of this, noble rot is possible if humidity levels are sufficient. What is the most widely planted red grape variety in Austria? Zweigelt What red grape variety is a cross between Blaufränkisch and St. Laurent? Zweigelt What are the 3 key white grape varieties in Austria?

1. Grüner Veltliner
2. Welschriesling
3. Riesling What are the 3 key red grape varieties in Austria?

1. Zweigelt
2. Blaufränkish
3. St. Laurent Where are Austria's best vineyards planted? On steep south facing slopes. What area of Austria is capable of consistently producing botrytis affected wines? The flat low-lying vineyards around the Neusiedlersee experience regular and heavy botrytis infection. Is oak often used in Austrian winemaking? For white wines, there is some use; however, the focus is on the purity of fruit. For premium red wines , oak is often used. Mittelburgenland is a DAC for what grape variety? Blaufränkish What are the 2 key wines of the Neiderösterreich?
4. Wachau (w)
5. Weinviertel (w) What are the 2 main grape varieties used in Wachau, Kamptal, and Kremstal wines? What region do they reside in? The regions reside in Niederösterreich and produce white wines from:
6. Grüner Veltliner
7. Riesling What is the main grape variety in Weinviertel? Grüner Veltliner

Located in the Niederösterreich of Austria What are the names of what are called the four federal states of Austria for PDO wines?

1. Niederösterreich 2) Burgenland 3) Steiermark 4) Wien Which DAC was the first in Austria? Weinviertel DAC for Grüner Veltlinter. What two Prädikatswein categories are recognized in Austria but not Germany?
2. Strohwein
3. Ausbruch What is Ausbruch?

A Prädikatswein category of Austria. It is situated between Beerenauslese and Trockenbeerenauslese in requirements, which makes it a sweet dessert wine typically made from grapes affected by noble rot. What is Strohwein? Strohwein or Schilfwein is an Austrian wine term in the Prädikatswein category which designates a straw wine, a sweet dessert wine made from raisin-like dried grapes. Stroh is German for straw, while Schilf means reed. What is the Districtus Austriae Controllatus (DAC)? A category developed by Austria to capture the concept of regional styles. If the producers in one of the specified appellations can agree on (1) a grape variety (or varieties), (11) a style of wine that best expresses their region, and (111) a set of regulations, then it can be awarded DAC status. Which of Austria's subregions has chosen not to become a DAC but instead has its own classification system? Wachau What are PGI wines referred to as in Austria? Landwein What are wines without a geographical indication referred to as in Austria? Wein What is the climate of Hungary? Moderate continental Where can the best vineyards in Hungary be found? The best vineyards have a southerly aspect and are located on slopes. What 3 grape varieties are used for the sweet Tokaji wines of Hungary?

1. Furmint
2. Harslevelu
3. Sarga Muscotaly (Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains) Describe the taste profile of Furmint. Furmint makes concentrated, high acid white wines with flavors of apples when young, developing into nuts and honey as they age. It makes premium dry white wines but is late ripening and susceptible to botrytis--both of which make it a principal grape variety used for sweet Aszú wines. Which grape variety is aromatic, with flavors of orange blossom, and is the 3rd most important variety used for Tokaji wines? Sarga Muscotaly (Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains) What is the minimum residual sugar level for Tokaji Aszú wines?

120 g/l; a figure that was raised in 2013, causing the discontinuance of 3 and 4 puttonyos categories. Has the wine category Tokaji Eszencia been abolished with the revised laws in 2013? No, the category Aszú Eszencia was abolished in 2013, but Tokaji Eszencia still exists for wines made from the free run juice of aszú berries. Which of Austria's black grapes is the most highly regarded? Blaufränkisch which produces wines with medium tannins, high acidity and a peppery, sour cherry flavor. What are the names of the two rivers in Tokaj which help generate morning humidity necessary for noble rot? Bodrog and Tisza Which two countries base their top PDO wines on ripeness of the grapes at harvest? Germany and Austria Describe the winemaking process of Tokaji Aszú. Winemakers start with a base wine using the same grapes as for Tokaji Aszú. Before, during or after fermentation, the aszú berries are macerated in the base wine for 12-60 hours. The mixture is then pressed and the wine matured in oak for a period of time. What might you expect from a modern style of Tokaji wine? Wines made from late harvest grapes, although some may be affected by botrytis. When noble rot is present, the botrytized grapes are fermented rather than macerated as with Tokaji Aszú. When harvesting for Tokaji, which 3 categories do pickers separate the grapes into?

1. Aszu
2. Szamorodni
3. Healthy grapes (unaffected by noble rot) What does "Aszu" translate to? "Rotten" used to describe grapes affected by noble rot. What does "Szamorodni" translate to? "As it comes" referring to Tokaji selection. If only a few berries in a bunch are affected by botrytis, the whole bunch is picked and used to create a partial botrytis style wine. What is the most common grape variety used to make non-botrytis dry wines of Hungary? Furmint (as it is the most widely planted) Tokaji Szamorodni must be aged for how long? It must be aged in cask for a minimum of one year and be two years old before release.

Do Tokaji Aszu wines see oak aging? Yes, they are aged for a period of time in oak. The new laws in 2013 require shorter aging: minimum 18 months in oak, and the wines can be released in the January of the third year after harvest. If the Tokaji sweet wine laws have changed with the 2013 laws, why would a certified wine student need to know about the traditional laws that were replaced? It is still essential to be aware of wines made to the traditional laws (vintages up to and including 2012) since they will be on the market for many years. What is the color and taste profile of classic Tokaji Aszu? Classic Tokaji is deep amber, with high acidity and intense aromas, and flavors of orange peel. apricots, and honey. The best wines have further complexities that hint at rye bread, smoke, and caramel. Which Hungarian wine has a must that is so sweet, it can take years to ferment? Tokaji Eszencia; even after all the time it takes to ferment, the wines remain very low in alcohol (usually less than 5%) What are the minimum levels of residual sugar for each puttonyos level? 5 puttonyos = 120 g/L 6 puttonyos = 150 g/L What is the climate of Greece? Hot Mediterranean What is the main environmental concern of Greece? Is this more of a concern on the eastern or western side of Greece? Drought is of particular concern of eastern Greece as it lies in the rain shadow of the mountains and thus little water is available for irrigation. Santorini has what type of soils? Volcanic soils What are the top 2 red grape varieties in Greece?

1. Xinomavro
2. Agiorgitiko Which red grape variety of Greece is often compared to Nebbiolo? Xinomavro Describe the taste profile of Xinomavro. High in tannin and acid and with a medium color that quickly fades to tawny. They tend to lack a significant fresh fruit aroma even in their youth. As with Nebbiolo, they are long lived and can develop complex spice and early aromas with age.

In Greece, which red grape is best suited for rose production? Agiorgitiko In Greece, what is the key white grape variety? Assyrtiko In addition to PDO, what other term may be seen on Greek labels for wines for export? Appellation d'origine de qualité supérieure. Nemea falls into what bigger area of Greece? The Peloponnese In which of Greece's top red wines would you find these characteristics: deep ruby color, high but smooth tannins, low to moderate acidity, sweet spice and red fruit flavors. OPAP; though used principally for dry wines, it can also be used for sweet and sparkling wines as well. What major climate condition would you expect to find on Santorini which effects the way the vines are trained? Santorini is extremely windy so a unique training method is employed: the permanent wood is trained in a low, basket weave shape to protect the grapes grown on the inside. What are the 3 key OPAP wine regions?

1. Naoussa (Macedonia)
2. Nemea (Peloponnese)
3. Santorini (Island) What is the grape variety used exclusively in the wines of Naoussa OPAP? Xinomavro What is the grape variety used exclusively in the wines of Nemea OPAP? Agiorgitiko Which OPAP covers red and white wines made in dry and sweet styles but has a reputation founded on wines principally made from Assyrtiko? Santorini OPAP Which Greek grape variety is used to make dry wines with perfumed aromas and concentrated flavors of ripe citrus and stone fruit balanced by naturally high acidity? Assyrtiko Which OPAP requires that 85% of grapes be Moschofilero to make their wines? Mantinia OPAP

Which wine category is principally used to accommodate the ancient wine style Retsina? OKP Why is OKP unlike any other PGI wine? It is unlike any other PGI wine as it deals with a style of wine that can be made anywhere in Greece, Retsina. What 2 grape varieties are used to produce Retsina? Is the wine red or white?

1. Savatiano
2. Roditis

Retsina is a white wine How is Retsina produced? Retsina is made from the Savatiano and Roditis grape varieties. Pine resin is drawn from local trees and added to the wine when it is young. The resin is removed at the first racking, by which time the wine has acquired its distinct character. Where are the best vineyards in Greece located? In sites cooled by altitude or proximity to the sea. What vine training system is employed by most vineyards in Greece? Why? Most vineyards in Greece are spur pruned and head trained, this helps offer the grapes some protection from the summer heat. However, many forward-looking producers are switching to cordon trained VSP. What vine training system is employed in Santorini? Why? In Santorini, the wind is unyielding and requires a unique training method to protect the vine. The permanent wood is trained very low into a basket shape, and the fruit grows on the inside. The vines are sometimes planted in small hollows to provide extra protection from the wind and help ensure the vines make the best use of the very limited rainfall. True or False? Wines in Greece are often labelled in other languages to accommodate export market consumers unfamiliar with the Greek alphabet. True What is the climate of Italy? Mediterranean; cooler in the north and hot in the south. What is the name of the complex trellising system that was traditionally used in northern Italy? Pergola : canopy trained high to protect grapes from sunburn and allow air circulation. What is the main weather related threat to Piemonte and the Veneto? Hail

Describe the marine soils of Italy. What Italian grape varieties favor this soil type? Marine soil = Clay over limestone mix (also seen in Burgundy) is responsible for most of Italy's enduring reds including Valpolicella, Barolo, Barbaresco, and Chianti. White varieties such as Cortese, Verdicchio, and the aromatic whites of Trentino also thrive in limestone rich soils. Which 4 DOCGs are situation on the slopes of ancient volcanoes; taking advantage of the volcanic soils present?

1. Soave DOCG
2. Colli Euganei DOCG
3. Lacryma Christi DOCG
4. Etna DOCG What mountain range runs the length of the Italian Peninsula? the Apennine Mountains Which 3 DOCs lie on the broad plain north of the Adriatic and enjoy alluvial soils?
5. Piave DOC
6. Aquilei DOC
7. Isonzo DOC Are Italian vineyards mainly located on hills or in valleys? Grape growing in Italy is centered around hillside locations. The Romans planted exclusively on slopes and today, with the exception of areas of the Po River plains, southern Puglia, the Maremma and southern Sicily, Italian viticulture is still defined by its mountains. Is the high trellising system known as "pergola" becoming increasingly or less widespread in Italy? Why or why not? High trained pergola vines are less widespread now as the best producers look to limit yields and improve levels of ripeness, particularly physiological, as so many of the native Italian black grapes are high in tannin. Define "alberello" vineyards Alberello is the Italian word for bush-trained. Southern Puglia and Sicily both employ the alberello approach and with spectacular results. What vine training system is used throughout most of Italy? Most of Italy uses some variation of classic, two wire vertical shoot positioning (VSP) trellising, including both single and double replacement cane and cordone speronato (single cordon). What is the passito winemaking process? Italy has a long tradition of making wines from dried grapes (picked and dried off of the vine) as the usually dry autumns discourage noble rot. This process is known as "passito".

What is an example of a dry passito wine? What is an example of a sweet passito wine? Dry = Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG Sweet = Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG What were Italian red wines traditionally aged in? Traditional red winemaking involved long periods of maturation in large old wood casks called "botte". These wines could have a marked oxidative character. What are the 9 key wine regions of Piemonte?

1. Barolo DOCG
2. Barbaresco DOCG
3. Langhe
4. Barbera d'Asti DOC
5. Dolcetto d'Alba DOC
6. Dogliani DOCG
7. Roero DOCG
8. Roero Arneis DOCG
9. Gavi DOCG What 2 key wine regions of Piemonte only produce white wines? What is the key grape variety in each?
10. Roero Arneis DOCG - Arneis
11. Gavi DOCG - Cortese What 4 key wine regions of Piemonte produce wines from Nebbiolo?
12. Barolo DOCG
13. Barbaresco DOCG
14. Langhe
15. Roero DOCG Which key DOCG wine region of Piemonte produces wine from Barbera? Barbera d'Asti DOCG Which 2 key wine regions of Piemonte produce wine from Dolcetto?
16. Dolcetto d'Alba DOC
17. Dogliani DOCG What are the 2 key wine regions of Trentino-Alto Adige?
18. Alto Adige (Südtirol)
19. Trentino Which Italian region has the highest proportion of DOC production in Italy? Alto Adige (Südtirol)

What are the 2 main red grape varieties in Alto Adige?

1. Schiava
2. Lagrein What are the 2 main white grape varieties in Alto Adige?
3. Riesling
4. Gewurztraminer What is the key red grape variety in Trentino? Teroldego What is the key white grape variety in Trentino? Pinot Grigio Which DOC is the most important in terms of quantity in the Fruili-Venezia Giulia? Grave del Friuli DOC Which DOC makes light Bordeaux blends from Refosco, Merlot, Cab Franc, and Cab Sav? Grave del Friuli DOC What are the 2 key wine regions in Friuli-Venezia Giulia?
5. Friuli Grave
6. Collio What are the 2 main grape varieties of Collio? Do they make red or white wines?
7. Tocai Friulano
8. Pinot Gris White wines What are the 2 main white grape varieties of Friuli Grave?
9. Tocai Friulano
10. Pinot Gris What are the 6 key wine regions of the Veneto?
11. Valpoicella DOC (r)
12. Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG (r)
13. Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG (r)
14. Soave DOC (w)
15. Bardolino DOC (r/rose)
16. Veneto IGT (r) What are the 3 grape varieties used in the production of Valpolicella?