WSET Level 3 mock exam written questions, Exams of Nursing

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WSET Level 3 mock exam written

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What criteria do we use to assess quality in a wine? correct answersBalance - Concentration (Intensity) - Length - Complexity List 4 tertiary aromas. correct answersAlmond - Marzipan - Hazelnut - Walnut - Chocolate - Coffee - Toffee - Caramel Dried Apricot - Marmalade - Dried Apple - Dried Banana Fig - Prune - Tar - Dried Blackberry - Dried Cranberry Cooked Blackberry - Cooked Plum Petrol - Kerosene - Cinnamon - Ginger - Nutmeg - Toast - Nut - Mushroom - Hay - Honey Leather - Forest Floor - Earth - Game - Tobacco - Vegetal - Wet Leaves - Savour - Meaty What does umami in food increase and decrease in a wine? correct answersIncreases Perception of: Alcohol - Bitterness - Astringency - Acidity Decreases Perception of: Body - Sweetness - Fruitiness Name the 7 wine faults and the odours they produce. correct answersTCA - damp cardboard Reduction - rotten eggs, boiled cabbage Sulfur Dioxide - recently extinguished matches Oxidation - toffee, honey, caramel Out of Condition - dull, stale Volatile Acidity - vinegar, nail polish remover Brettanomyces - plastic, animal How many positive criteria do each of the following quality statements hold correct answersPoor - 0 Acceptable - 1

Good - 2 Very Good - 3 Outstanding - 4 List 4 main methods to combat Spring frost correct answersHeaters - Wind Machines - Sprinklers - Vineyard Design What is meant by diurnal range and what are the benefits? correct answersThe difference between daytime and night-time temperatures. Cool nights help slow the loss of aromas and acidity in the grapes. Warm nights accelerate ripening. A large diurnal range can produce wines that are fresher and more aromatic compared with a vineyard that has a smaller diurnal range. What are the 3 main irrigation techniques? correct answersDrip Irrigation - Sprinklers - Flood Irrigation What is the difference between a hybrid and a crossing? correct answersHybrid: a vine whose parents come from two different vine species Crossing: a vine whose parents come from the same vine species What are the pros and cons of using machine harvesting? correct answersPro: speed, work at night, efficient, less expensive Con: Can only be used on flat lands, cannot be used to pick for specialised wine styles (whole bunches, Noble Rot) Pinot Noir - name 3 premium New World regions in 3 different countries in which it is produced. correct answersSonoma/Los Carneros (California) - Central Otago (New Zealand) - Yarra Valley/Mornington Peninsula/Tasmania (Australia) - Walker Bay (South Africa) - Casablanca Valley (Chile) Explain what carbonic maceration is and the style of wine it produces correct answersWhole, uncrushed bunches that are placed into vats filled with CO2 to remove oxygen. Intercellular fermentation begins and when the grapes reach 2% abv they split and release their juice. These wines are soft in tannin but full of fruit with distinctive notes of kirsch, banana, bubble gum and cinnamon.

List 4 methods of concentrating the grapes sugars in the production of sweet wines. correct answersNoble Rot - Drying grapes on the vine - Drying grapes after picking - Freezing grapes on the vine What are the 3 main techniques a winemaker uses for clarification? correct answersSedimentation - Fining - Filtration Describe the characteristics of the Riesling grape. correct answersAromatic white grape; late-budding and mid- to late-ripening; ability to accumulate sugar without losing its naturally high acidity; green fruit flavours and floral notes in cool climates; citrus and stone fruit character with richer flavour in warmer climates; flavours of honey, toast, and petrol as it ages; one of the most long-lived white wines What are the 4 noble grape varieties of Alsace? correct answersRiesling - Gewurztraminer - Pinot Gris - Muscat Describe the climate and geographical features of Alsace correct answersAlsace has a cool to moderate continental climate. The Vosges mountains provide shelter making Alsace one of the driest regions in France allowing for warm, sunny, and dry autumns. Alsace has a great variety of soils that can impact which grapes are grown and how they will be managed What is unique about Albariza soil? correct answersIt has a high chalk content that provides good drainage but also has excellent water holding capacity that can sustain vines during the dry, hot summers. A hard crust forms on the top of the soil in the summer that further limits evaporation What are the 3 grapes varieties used in a Sauternes and what does each grape contribute to the blend? correct answersSemillon - thin skinned, susceptible to botrytis, and capable of aging Sauvignon Blanc- adds acidity and fruitiness Muscadelle - aromas of exotic perfume Describe a high-end wine from Saint-Émilion. correct answersRed wines that are based on Merlot and some Cabernet Franc. They have medium to high tannins with a soft, rich mouthfeel and complex red berry fruit and plum aromas that evolve into tobacco and cedar.

Where are the Côtes de Bordeaux and what type of wines are produced? correct answersOn the Right Bank of the Dordogne and combine 4 different communes. The wines are typically Merlot-based and meant for early drinking, offering excellent value for money. List the 4 sub-regions of the Loire Valley from west to east. correct answersNantais - Anjou-Saumur - Touraine - Central Vineyards Describe a Muscadet Sèvre et Maine wine. correct answersWhite wine made from the Melon Blanc grape with a maximum 12% alcohol. The wine displays high acidity, light body, and subtle green fruit flavours. Name 2 important villages from the Côte de Nuits and 2 from the Côte de Beaune correct answersCôte de Nuits: Gevrey-Chambertin - Vougeot - Vosne-Romanée - Nuits-St.-Georges Côte de Beaune: Aloxe-Corton - Beaune - Pommard - Volnay - Meursault - Puligny-Montrachet - Chassagne-Montrachet Describe a Pouilly-Fuissé wine including the grape variety used and the region it is located in. correct answersMade from Chardonnay in the Mâconnais region of Burgundy. Typically displays ripe notes of tropical and stone fruits, and most are matured in barrel to enhance textures and add flavours of toasty oak. Among the richest and ripest Chardonnays in Burgundy. What is the grape used in Beaujolais and the traditional training system used? correct answersGamay grape trained en gobelet Describe a wine from Côte-Rôtie and the grapes used correct answersSyrah (up to 20% Viognier may be added). Deeply coloured elegant wines, full bodied and spicy. The best show floral aromatics and a textural elegance that distinguishes them from Hermitage Why is Grenache best suited to the Southern Rhone? correct answersIt can tolerate drought conditions and strong winds. Grenache needs plenty of heat to ripen fully, the Northern Rhône is too cool of climate List some of the major differences between the Northern Rhône and the Southern Rhône correct answersNorthern Rhône: cooler temperatures; narrow and steep; vines trained on stakes; Syrah is the only red grape; Viognier, Roussanne, and Marsanne are the only white grapes

Southern Rhône: warmer Mediterranean climate; flat to gently rolling landscape; galet stones; little protection from mistral; bush-trained vines; Grenache is the main grape among others; many white varietals permitted What are the characteristics of the Viognier grape? correct answersFull-bodied white wine with perfumed aromas of blossom and apricots, low acidity, and high alcohol with an oily texture; can reach very high sugar levels but looses its acidity. Describe a wine from Bandol. correct answersMourvèdre-based red wine that is dark, full-bodied with powerful tannins, bramble, meat, and liquorice-spice flavours and requires bottle age before they show their best. What are the 3 main PDO regions in Greece? correct answersNemea - Naoussa - Santorini List the German Prädikat levels in ascending order of ripeness correct answersKabinett - Spätlese - Auslese - Beerenauslese - Eiswein - Trockenbeerenauslese Describe a Blaufränkisch wine. correct answersRed wine with medium tannins, high acidity, and a peppery, sour cherry flavour and is the most highly regarded of the Austrian black varieties What are the 3 grapes used in the production of a Tokaji? correct answersFurmint - Hárslevelű - Sárga Muskotály What style of wines are allowed in the Weinviertel DAC? correct answersWhite wines made from Grüner Veltliner. Klassik indicates a wine that is light, fresh, and fruity with no discernable oak flavours. Reserve wines must have a higher minimum alcohol and may be matured in oak Explain how a Valpolicella Ripasso wine is made correct answersThe unpressed skins from an Amarone wine after fermentation are added to a basic Valpolicella, the wine then undergoes a refermentation which adds alcohol, tannins, and complexity What are the 3 main DOC regions in Friuli-Venezia Giulia? correct answersFriuli Grave - Collio - Colli Orientali

What grape is used in the GAVI DOCG and what kind of wine does it produce? correct answersCortese grape to produce wines that are pale and light-bodied with high acidity and aromas of citrus, green apples, and pears Describe a Barolo DOCG wine correct answersRed wine made from Nebbiolo with high acidity, high tannins, with perfumed aromas of sour cherries, herbs, and dried flowers. Some Barolos are matured in small oak barrels, and most benefit from further aging in bottle. What does the term Classico mean on a label? correct answersClassico acknowledges wines that have been made solely from the original classified land and includes many of the best wines form the area. List the differences between a Chianti Classico Riserva and a Brunello di Montalcino. correct answersIn Chianti, 20% of other grape varieties are allowed in the blend and the wine must be from the Chianti region and aged for a minimum 24 months, 3 of which in bottle. For a Brunello, the wine must be 100% Sangiovese and from the Montalcino region, the climate produces concentrated wines that have a minimum ageing requirement of 5 years, 2 years of which must be aged in oak. What 3 regions make up the toe, instep, and the heel in the boot of Italy? correct answersCalabria - Basilicata - Puglia

3. Describe a wine coming from the Taurasi DOCG. correct answersRed wine from the Aglianico grape that is deeply coloured with high acidity and tannin, and flavours of black fruit. It is matured in oak and develops earthy, forest floor flavours in the bottle. List 2 DOCG white wines from Campania correct answersFiano di Avellino - Greco di Tufo Describe a typical Orvieto DOC wine. correct answersWhite wine made from Grechetto and Trebbiano that is light in body with medium to high acidity and flavours of ripe grapefruit and peaches. What are the 3 sub-regions of Rioja? correct answersRioja Alavesa - Rioja Alta - Rioja Baja Describe a typical wine coming from the Priorat DOQ. correct answersRed wines from Garnacha and Cariñena that are deeply coloured with high tannins, medium to high alcohol, and concentrated black fruit often accompanied by toasty aromas from new French oak.

List the minimum total ageing designations for a red wine from Spain correct answersJoven - No minimum Crianza - 24 months Reserva - 36 months Gran Reserva - 60 months Describe a classic white Vinho Verde wine. correct answersWhite wines that are pale lemon in colour, high acidity, and low in alcohol. They may be off-dry and often have a slight sparkling sensation that enhances their freshness. What are the 3 main grapes used in a typical red wine from the Alentejo region. correct answersAragonês - Trincadeira - Alicante Bouschet In what county lies the Santa Maria Valley AVA and what 2 grapes is it well suited for growing? correct answersSanta Barbara County - Pinot Noir and Chardonnay Describe a Zinfandel. correct answersRed wine that is full-bodied with high alcohol and sometimes small amounts of residual sugar. Flavours include red and black fruits, dried berries, and liquorice List the 4 sub-regions of the Central Valley in Chile from north to south. correct answersMaipo - Rapel - Curicó - Maule What features influence the climate in the Casablanca and San Antonio Valley in Chile? correct answersProximity to the Pacific Ocean - Mountains - Morning fogs - Afternoon winds Name the 3 important grape growing areas in Mendoza, Argentina correct answersUco Valley - Luján de Cuyo - Maipu What region in New Zealand grows Bordeaux varieties and why are they suited there? correct answersHawke's Bay - it is the warmest and sunniest region in New Zealand with diverse soils including gravel soils in the Gimblett Gravels that help to retain heat.

Describe a Hunter Valley Semillon correct answersHunter Valley Semillon is light bodied, low in alcohol and has high acidity from being harvested early. The wine is un-oaked and quite neutral when it is young but develops complex flavours of honey, nut, and toast as it ages Which 2 grapes is the Mornington Peninsula known for and why? correct answersPinot Noir and Chardonnay - Cool to moderate maritime climate where the best years provide a long growing season. What 2 grapes were crossed to make a Pinotage? correct answersPinot Noir and Cinsault What is the climate of the Worcester district and what styles of wines does it produce? correct answersHot and dry climate that requires irrigation; a reliable source of high-volume red and white wines but produces mostly white wine from Chenin Blanc and Colombard. List the steps in producing a traditional method sparkling wine. correct answersBase wine Blending Second alcoholic fermentation Yeast autolysis Riddling Disgorgement and corking Bottle Aging What are the 3 grapes used in Champagne and what does each contribute to the blend? correct answersChardonnay - light body, high acidity, floral and citrus fruit character Pinot Noir - body, structure, and red fruit character Pinot Meunier - fruity flavours Describe a Prosecco correct answersTypically produced by tank method with medium acidity and fresh aromas of green apple and melon. They are generally dry but may have slightly higher sugar levels than a Champagne or Cava. How does the Asti method of production work? correct answersThe grape must is chilled and stored until needed. When it is required, the juice is warmed and the fermentation takes place in pressurised tanks. Part-way through fermentation the tank is sealed to trap CO2. The fermentation continues until the alcohol reaches 7% and is stopped by chilling the wine which is then filtered under pressure to remove the yeast. What are the ideal conditions for storing wine? correct answers10°C - 15°C - on its side if it has a cork - away from strong light - away from vibrations

Describe a Rutherglen Muscat. correct answersSweet to luscious and amber to brown in colour, these wines are aged oxidatively and show flavours of caramel, nuts, and raisings while still retaining some of the floral, grapey character of the Muscat grape What is the difference between an Oloroso and an Amontillado Sherry? correct answersOloroso: Entirely oxidative aging without the presence of flor Amontillado: Aged oxidatively after a period of biological aging under flor What are the 3 main methods for extraction used in the production of Port? correct answersFoot treading - Autovinifiers - Piston plungers What is a Late Bottled Vintage Port? correct answersVintage wines that have been aged for between 4 to 6 years before they are bottled. The extra aging makes these wines more approachable on release when compared with a Vintage Port