Exam 2 | HIST 1400 - Modern Western Traditions, Quizzes of World History

Download Exam 2 | HIST 1400 - Modern Western Traditions and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What are the Orders or Estates of the Old Regime? DEFINITION 1 -People could belong to either the clergy, nobility, middle class, of free peasants. A large number of people were serfs (not free peasants). Serfs don't have an order because they have no rights or privileges. - Order was Hereditary - nobles and clergy were superior to the middle class, middle class were superior to the peasants, and everybody was superior to the serfs. This hierarchy carries with it an understanding of inequality. - Status of people not by their wealth, but by the order or state they were TERM 2 Discuss the social makeup and the basic characteristics of the peasantry. DEFINITION 2 - The peasants made up appx 75-85% of population. They lived with poor sanitation and hygiene. - Homes had dirt floors, often slept with animals. - Death rates were very high TERM 3 "" Middle Class DEFINITION 3 - AKA the Bourgeoisie - Made up 20% of the population, and owned 20-25% of the land -Made up of shopkeepers, professionals, white collar workers. - Their values included: wealth, property, hard work, saving, education, family, sobriety, religion, discipline of children. TERM 4 "" Nobility DEFINITION 4 - Hereditary (nobility of the sword) or Service (nobility of the robe) - Made up 2-3% of the population - Owned 25-30% of the land - Values included: primogeniture, honor, military bravery, leadership, manners, culture, marriage and dress. - Did not pay taxes - Owned peasants (free tenants and serfs) TERM 5 "" Clergy DEFINITION 5 - Made up .05% of population - Owned 10% of the land - Together, nobility and clergy owned about 40% of the land - High Clergy: included aristocrats who were born into the clergy. Low Clergy included parish priests who got in the clergy through service. TERM 6 Why do Historians call the period between the 1680's-1780's the Age of the Enlightenment? DEFINITION 6 - Time of reason, logic, rationalism, and cause and effect. - Liberty and Natural Law; religious toleration, free speech, free press. - Enlightening people on new ways to live, how to think about the world. More rational thinking. TERM 7 What were the basic ideas/concepts of these philosophers... 1. Diderot DEFINITION 7 Invented the Encyclopedia whos purpose was to "change the general way of thinking." TERM 8 2. Voltaire DEFINITION 8 -Deism-suggests the existence of a mechanic (God) who created the universe. - Religious toleration, freedom of the press, English political freedom, criticized traditional religion - Science/reason - History and progress - Political Philosophy. TERM 9 3. Montesquieu DEFINITION 9 -Wrote the spirit of the laws in 1748, attempted to apply the scientific method to the social and political arena of the "natural laws" - Natural Law Theory - Believed in an importance of Checks and Balances created by the Separation of powers (basic foundation of US Constitution) TERM 10 4. Rousseau DEFINITION 10 - Social Contract 1762: liberty will be acheived through following what is best for all people - Women are inferior (intellectually as well as socially) - Rousseau's radical democracy - Importance of Education