Computer Science: Understanding Computer Hardware, Software, and Operating Systems, Quizzes of Introduction to Business Management

Download Computer Science: Understanding Computer Hardware, Software, and Operating Systems and more Quizzes Introduction to Business Management in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Computer Hardware DEFINITION 1 physicalcomponentsof information technology, equip you can physically touch (computers, storage devices, networking equipment etc.) TERM 2 Software DEFINITION 2 collection of programs-sets of instructions that tell the hardware what to do. TERM 3 operating system DEFINITION 3 collection of programs that controls hardware (mac oxs, linux) TERM 4 Hardware/Software Layer Cake DEFINITION 4 UserApplicationOperating SystemHardware TERM 5 Operating system (OS) DEFINITION 5 provides common set of controls managing computer hardware TERM 6 User Interface DEFINITION 6 The mechanism through which users interact with a computing device.includes elements that elements of graphical user interface (GUI) such as windows, scroll bars and menuscan also include other forms of interactions such as touch screens, motion sensing TERM 7 Operating systems + programmers DEFINITION 7 OS designed to give programmers a common set of commands toconsistentlyinteract withhardwaremake programmer's job easier by reducing program complexity, making it faster to write software while minimizingpossibilityof error in codes . TERM 8 Firmware DEFINITION 8 control programs stored on chips, nonvolatilememory, often read only memoryOS in ipod, mobile phone TERM 9 embedded systems DEFINITION 9 special purpose software designed and included in physical producthelp makes products "smarter" TERM 10 platform DEFINITION 10 products and services that allow for the development and integration of software products and other complimentary goodswindows, iphone, wii and standards that allow users to createFacebookapps are all platforms TERM 21 distributed computing DEFINITION 21 when computers in different locations communicate with one another to complete taskcan yield enormousefficienciesin speed, error reduction and cost savings and can create entirely new ways of doing business TERM 22 server DEFINITION 22 1. in a hardware context a server is a computer that has been configure to support requests from other computers (e.g. Dell servers)2. in a software context a server is a program thatfulfillsrequestsmost of the time server software resides on server class hardwarebut can also set up PC to run server softwarecan use mainframe or super computer class machines as servers TERM 23 Client Server system (two pieces of software) DEFINITION 23 distributed computing services (world wide web)two pieces of software:client that makes requestserver that receives and attempts to fulfill request TERM 24 Application server DEFINITION 24 software that houses and serves business logic for use and reuse by multiple applications TERM 25 Web services DEFINITION 25 small pieces of code that are processed via the application server which permit interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a networkserved up app server, programmed to perform different tasks. TERM 26 Application programming interfaces (APIs) DEFINITION 26 programming books/ guidelines published by firms that tell other programs how to perform a task such as send or receive datastandardmethodsweb service defines standard method for other programs to request to perform a task and defines the kind of response the calling client can expect back TERM 27 Service oriented architecture (SOA) DEFINITION 27 a robust set of Web services built around an organization's processes and proceduresorganizing systems like this, w/separateapplicationsin charge of client presentation, business logic, and database make systems more flexiblecode can be reused and each layer beseparatelymaintained, upgraded or migrated to new hardware TERM 28 Electronic data interchange DEFINITION 28 set of standards for exchanging info between computer applicationsmost often used as a way to sendelectronicequivalent of structured documents between differentorganizationseach element in e document (eg. firm name/address/customer number) is coded so that it can be recognized by receiving computer programmakes business faster and lowers data entry/error costs TERM 29 Extensible markup language (XML) DEFINITION 29 tagging language that can be used toidentifydata fields made available by use for other organizations.most APIs and web services send messages where data exchanged is wrapped in identifying XML tagsallows softwaredeveloperstocreatea set of standards for common data elements that can be sent between different applications/orgs.easer to code than EDI TERM 30 XML vs. EDI DEFINITION 30 more robust b/c it can be extended- orgs can create formats to represent any kind of data TERM 31 programming language DEFINITION 31 provides standards, syntax, statements and instructions for writing computer software TERM 32 Integrated Development Environment DEFINITION 32 application that includes an editor, debugger, and compilermost professional programmers use IDEwill also compile a programming code, turning high level lines ininstructions readable by humans in to lower level instructionsexpressedby patterns of ones and zeros that are readable by computer's microprocessor TERM 33 Java DEFINITION 33 programmers don't write code w/ specific operating system commands, instead use special Java commands to control user interface or interact w. display and other hardwarenot popular for desktop applications TERM 34 scripting languages DEFINITION 34 programming tool that typicallyexecutewithin applicationinterpretedrather than compiledslower than kinds of development efforts found in mostcommercialsoftwareoften used by both professional programmers and power users