Hartman's CNA Final Review 100% verified answers 2024/2025 correct, Exams of Nursing

Download Hartman's CNA Final Review 100% verified answers 2024/2025 correct and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Hartman's CNA Final Review 100% verified answers 2024/2025 correct Another name for a long-term care facility is: A. Extended care facility B. Home health care facility C. Assisted living facility D. Adult day services facility A. Extended care facility Assisted living facilities are initially for: A. People who need 24-hour, intensive care B. People who need some help with daily care C. People who will die within six months D. People who need acute care B. People who need some help with daily care Which of the following statements is true of adult day services? A. This type of care is for people who need to live in the facility where the care is provided. B.This type of care is for people who need some help and supervision during certain hours. C. Most people who need adult day services are seriously ill or disabled. D. Many types of surgery are performed at adult day services centers. B. This type of care is for people who need some help and supervision during certain hours. Care given by specialists to restore or improve function after an illness or injury is called: A. Acute care B. Subacute care C. Rehabilitation D. Hospice care C. Rehabilitation Care given to people who have about six months or less to live is called A. Acute care B. Subacute care C. Rehabilitative care D. Hospice care D. Hospice care People who live in long-term care facilities are usually called____________ because it is where they live for the duration of their stay. A. Patients B. Healthcare providers C. Regulators D. Residents D. Residents Two groups of people who qualify for Medicare are A. Sick & Elderly B. Elderly & Disabled C. Young Children & Infants B. Elderly & Disabled There are four parts of Medicare, what does part A help pay for? A. Liability A.Helps residents socialize and stay active Licensed practical nurse is A. Licensed professional who has completed one to two years of education and is able to administer medications and give treatments. B. Diagnoses patients C. Helps patients readjust to being disabled D. Helps patients with their legal issues A. Licensed professional who has completed one to two years of education and is able to administer medications and give treatments. Medical Social Worker Helps resident get support services, such as counseling Nursing Assistant (NA or CNA) Performs assigned tasks, such as taking vital signs and providing personal care Occupational Therapist (OT) Helps residents learn to adapt to disabilities by training residents to perform ADLs and other activities Physical Therapist (PT or DPT) Administers therapy in the form of heat,cold,massage,ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and exercise to muscles, bones, and joints Physician or Doctor(MD or DO) Diagnoses disease or disability and prescribes treatment Registered Dietitian (RDT) Creates diets for residents with special needs Registered Nurse (RN) Licensed professional who has graduated from a two to four year nursing program and coordinates,manages, and provides skilled nursing care Resident Person whose condition, treatment, and progress are what the care team revolves around Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) Teaches exercises to help the resident improve or overcome speech problems Which of the following statements is true of the chain of command? It describes the line of authority in a facility. Liability is a legal term that means? Someone can be held responsible for harming someone else Why should a nursing assistant (NA) not do tasks that are not assigned to him? The NA may put himself or someone else in danger. What is one reason that other members of the care team will show great interest in the work that a nursing assistant does? The NA will be working under the authority of others' licenses. A policy is A course of action to be followed. For example, all health information must remain confidential. Facilities will... Have procedures for reporting information about residents Being on time for work Professional Being neatly dressed and groomed Professional Doing extra tasks that have not been assigned Unprofessional Keeping resident information confidential Professional Telling a resident about a date that the NA had over the weekend Unprofessional Explaining care before providing it Professional Accepting a birthday gift from a resident Unprofessional Following policies and procedures Professional Asking questions when the NA is not sure of something Professional Involuntary Seculsion The separation of a person from others against the person's will Malpractice When a person is injured due to professional misconduct through negligence,carelessness, or lack of skill. Negligence Actions, or the failure to act or provide the proper care for a resident, resulting in unintended injury. Passive neglect The unintentional failure to provide needed care, resulting in physical, mental, or emotional harm to a person Physical abuse Any treatment, intentional or not, that causes harm to a person's body. Sexual abuse The forcing of a person to perform or participate in sexual acts against his or her will. Substance abuse The use of legal or illegal drugs, cigarettes, or alcohol in a way that harms oneself or others. Verbal abuse The use of spoken or written words, pictures, or gestures that threaten, embarrass, or insult a person Workplace Violence Abuse of staff by other staff members, residents, or visitors. OBRA Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act Quality of life Residents have the right to the best care available. Services and activities to maintain a high level of wellness Residents must receive the correct care. The right to participate in their own care Residents have the right to participate in planning their treatment, care, and discharge. The right to make independent choices Residents can make choices about their doctors,care, and treatments. The right to privacy and confidentiality. Residents have a right to privacy when care is given. The right to dignity, respect, and freedom. Residents must be respected and treated with dignity by caregivers. The right to security of possessions. Residents' personal possessions must be safe at all times. Rights during transfers and discharges Location changes must be made safely and with the resident's knowledge and consent. Right to complain Residents have the right to make complaints without fear of punishment. Right to visits Residents have the right to have visits from doctors, family, friends, clergy members, ombudsmen, legal representatives, or any other person. Rights with social services The facility must provide residents with access to social services. Minimum Data Set(MDS) A detailed form with guidelines for assessing residents. It must be completed within 14 days of admission and again each year. Medicare A federal health insurance program that was established in 1965 for people aged 65 and older. It only pays for what it determines to be medically necessary. Medicaid A medical assistance program for low-income people, as well as for people with disabilities. Eligibility and coverage is determined by income and special circumstances The largest organ and system in the body is: The skin Skin prevents_______ to internal organs Injury Skin also prevents the loss of too much______ which is essential to life Water Muscles allow ___________ movement of body parts Range of motion exercises help______ Prevent problems related to immobility Atrophy occurs when the muscle _________ Weakens, decreases in size, and wastes away. Falls can be prevented by ______ Keeping paths clear no keeping walkers or canes within easy reach Normal or Sign:Bruising on Skin Sign Normal or Sign: Weakening of Muscles Normal Normal or Sign: loss of muscle tone Normal Normal or Sign: Change in ability to do routine movements or ROM exercises Sign Normal or Sign: Loss of bone density Normal Normal or Sign: Increased brittleness of bones Normal Normal or Sign: aches & Pains Sign Normal or Sign: Loss of height Normal Normal or Sign:pain during movement Sign Normal or Sign:increased swelling of joints Sign Normal or Sign: white, shiny, and worn area over a joint Sign Normal or Sign:Slowing or body movement Normal Arthritis is a general term referring to _________ of the joints Swelling What happens with an autoimmune illness? The immune system attacks normal tissue in the body Osteoarthritis is common in The elderly If an NA sees NWB on a residents car plan, the resident ________ Is unable to support any weight on one or both legs Which side should residents recovering from hip replacements dress first? Affected (weaker side) Fractures are broken bones and are often caused by Osteoarthritis What kind of pillow immobilizes and positions the hips and lower extremities after a hip replacement? An abduction pillow Which of the following statements is true of a knee replacement? A knee replacement can help restore motion to the knee. The nervous system Controls and coordinates body functions The two main pars of the nervous system are The two main parts of the nervous system are Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Normal or Sign: inability to move one side of the body Sign Normal or Sign: depression Sign Normal or Sign:fatigue with movement Sign A yes or no when communicating with a resident who has had a stroke Parkinson's disease is a progressive disease that causes A section of the brain to degenerate Parkinson's disease causes a shuffling gait and a mask life facial expression Multiple sclerosis causes the protective ______ for the nerves, spinal cord, and white mater of the brain to break down over time Covering For a person with MA, nerves cannot send Messages Symptoms of MS include_____vision, fatigue, tremors, Poe balance, and trouble walking Blurred The NA should offer _______ periods a necessary for residents with MS. Resting He NA should give residents plenty of time to ________because people with MS down have trouble forming their thoughts. Resting The NA should give residents plenty of time to _______because people with MS often have trouble forming their own thoughts Communicate _______can worsen the effects of MS so the NA should remain calm and listen to residents when they want to talk Stress The effects of a spinal cord injury Depend on the location of the injury and the force of impact The higher the injury on the spinal cord, The greater loss of function will be Paraplegia is a Loss of function of the lower body and legs. Residents with head or spinal cord injuries will need Emotional support as well as physical help. People with spinal cord injuries may not feel burns because of loss of sensation The NA should help residents change positions at least every two hours to prevent pressure ulcers The circulatory system is made up of The heart, blood, and blood vessels The blood carries Food, oxygen, and other substances cells needed to function The circulatory system removes Waste products from cells. Normal or Sign: severe headache Sign Normal or Sign heart pumps less efficiently Normal Normal or Sign: chest pain Sign Normal or Sign: swelling of hands or feet Sign Normal or Sign: changes in pulse rate Sign Normal or Sign: pale or bluish hands or feet Sign Normal or Sign: fatigue Sign Normal or Sign: shortness of breath Sign What are three possible causes of hypertension? Kidney disease, tumors of the adrenal glands and pregnancy Coronary artery disease (CAD) lowers _______ Normal Normal or Sign: discolored sputum Sign Normal or Sign: Need to sit after mild exertion Sign Normal or Sign: Shallow breathing Sign Normal or Sign:Pale or bluish lips, arms, or legs Sign Normal or Sign: Weaker voice Normal Normal or Sign: Coughing or wheezing sign Normal or Sign: nasal congestion sign Normal or Sign: change in respiratory rate sign Residents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have difficulty with breathing A common fear of a person who has COPD is not being able to breathe The best position for a resident with COPD is sitting upright Part of the NA's role in caring for a resident with COPD includes being calm and supportive Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are grouped under Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD Two vital functions of the urinary system are eliminating waste and maintaining water balance Two functions of the gastrointestinal system are digestion and elimination Upright keeping the body in this position during sleep may help when a person has gastroesophageal reflux disease Hemorrhoids enlarged veins in the rectum that causes itching and burning Fiber Treatment fo constipation often includes increasing the amount of this eaten Stoma an artificial opening in the body The frequent elmination of liquid semi-liquid feces Diarrhea Abbreviation for gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD The endocrine system is made up of glands hormones are chemical substances created by the body that control numerous body functions As a person ages, the body is less able to handle stress Diabetes is a condition in which the pancreas does not produce enough or properly use insulin Sugars collecting in the blood cause problems with circulation Type 1 Diabetes continues throughout a person's life Changes in the circulatory system from diabetes can cause heart attack and stroke If a resident with cancer is experiencing pain,t he Na should assist with comfort measures Which of the following would be the best response by the NA if a resident with cancer expresses fear and concern about her condition? "I understand you're scared. Do you feel like talking?" To help promote good nutrition for a resident with cancer the NA should do the following: serve favorite foods that are nutritious What are six basic human needs? Food, water, sleep, comfort, activity, and protection/shelter What are six psychosocial needs that humans have? Love/affection, acceptance by others, safety/security, self-reliance/independence/daily living, contact with others,and success/self-esteem the ability to engage ins exual activites continues unless disease or injury occurs Residents have the legal right to choose how to express their sexuality Nursing assistants must respect residents' sexual orientation The nursing assistant should always knock and wait for a response before entering residents' rooms If a nursing assistant encounters a resident being sexually abused, he should take the resident to a safe place and then notify the nurse A loss of independence is very difficult for a person to deal with A nursing assistant should allow a resident to do a task independently even if it is easier for the Na to do it. Activities of daily living (ADLs) are personal care tasks a person does every day to care for himself NAs should encourage self-care regardless of how long it takes or how poorly residents are able to do it. A loss of independence can cause increased dependence Colon One type of cancer that regular physical activity lessens the risk of Urinary tract type of infection that inactivity can result in Stress the ability to cope with this is one benefit of regular activity Grooming Nursing assistants can help residents with this as needed and requested before scheduled activities begin OBRA Abbreviation for federal law that requires that facilities provide an activities program that meets the interests of residents Appetite In addition to promoting better eating habits, regular activity increases this How is the family of today defined? By support of one another A child takes three years from birth to be able to move around, communicate basic needs, and feed himself Tantrums are common among toddlers Children learn language skills between the ages of 3 to 6. From the ages of 6 to 10, children learn to get along with each other Three abilities that may be affected by developmental disabilities Learning, communicating, moving Four guidelines for caring for a resident who has an intellectual disability be patient, encourage social interaction, promote independence, help with ADLs dividing into smaller tasks, Uneasiness or fear, often about a situation or condition, is called proper body alignment may help relieve pain _____________may be one of the most important things a nursing assistant can do for a resident who is dying. He should pay attention to these conversations. Listening _________ can be very important. Holding a dying resident's hand can be very comforting. Touch Do not ______ the dying person or his family. avoid _______ is usually the last sense to leave the body Hearing Give _______for visits from clergy, family, and friends. privacy NAs should not discuss their personal_____________ religious or spiritual beliefs with residents or their families or make recommendations. What are four legal rights to remembers when working with residents who are dying? The right to refuse treatment, the right to not be deceived, the right to be free from pain, and the right to not die alone After death, the muscles int he body become stiff and rigid Caring for a body after death is called postmortem care After death, the nursing assistant should place drainage pads under the body. These pads are most often needed under the perineum If a family members would like to remain with their loved one's body after death, the NA should let them do so Hospice is the term for compassionate care given to residents who are dying Hospice care encourages residents to participate in their own care as much as possible Hospice goals focus on comfort and dignity of the dying person Focusing on pain relief, comfort, and dignity is called__________ care. palliative Dementia the loss of mental abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating. A common cause of dementia is_______ Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer's disease causes tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits to form in the brain, eventually causing dementia. When communicating with a resident with AD, the nursing assistant (NA) should speak slowly, using a lower tone of voice than normal If a resident is frightened or anxious , which of the following should the NA do? Check the body language so he does not appear tense or hurried If a resident perseverates, this means he is repeating words, phrases, questions, or actions If a resident does not remember how to perform basic tasks, the NA should Encourage the resident to do what he can Use nonslip mats, tub seats, and hand-holds to ensure safety during bathing Break tasks down into simple steps, explaining one step at a time. Mark the bathroom with a sign or picture as a reminder of when to use it and where it is. Good or Bad: Break tasks down into simple steps, explaining one step at a time Good Good or Bad: If the resident is incontinent, do not give him fluids because ti makes the problem worse. When residents become withdrawn, lack energy, or do not eat or do things they used to enjoy, they may be depressed. Perseveration/ Repetitive Phrasing A resident who repeats a word, phrase, question, or activity over and over is perseverating Disruptiveness Anything that disturbs others, such as yelling, banging on furniture, slamming doors, etc. Inappropriate Social Behavior cursing, name calling, or other behavior Inappropriate Sexual Behavior removing clothes, touching one's own genitals, or trying to touch others can embarrass those who see it Pillaging taking things that belong to someone else Hoarding collecting and putting things away in a guarded way. Sleep Disturbances Residents with AD may experience a number of sleep disturbances Reality Orientation using calendars, clocks, signs and lists to help residents remember who and where they are Validating giving value to or approving Reminiscence therapy encouraging residents to remember and talk about the past Activity therapy uses activities that the resident enjoys to prevent boredom and frustration Promoting independence is a part of a nursing assistant's care of residents Styling one's hair is part of grooming oneself Having care explained before it is performed is a resident's legal right NAs should knock and wait for permission to enter a resident's room When skin is this color, it should not be massaged red One type of material that prevents air from circulating, causing the skin to sweat plastic A problem that can result from pulling a resident across the sheet when transferring him shearing Keeps top sheets from resting on the legs and feet bed cradle something that can be placed under the back and buttocks to absorb moisture or perspiration that may build up sheepskin the bottom sheet on a resident's bed must be kept tight and free from__________ wrinkles the minimum number of hours at which immobile residents should be repositioned two skin should be kept clean and ______ dry Lateral position includes the person lying on their side with one arm crossed over a pillow and the other laying flat, with one leg up with a pillow under their knee and a sheet under their feet Lateral position points are side of the head, ear, shoulder, hip greater trochanter, knees and ankles Prone position includes the person lying stomach/face down on a pillow with a pillow under their feet prone position points are the resident How hot should the water be when shampooing a resident's hair? no higher then 110F The resident's perineum should be washed once a week which of the following products should be used when giving a shower or tub bath shampoo Encourage residents to wear casual clothes not nightclothes during the day Provide privacy by never exposing more than you need to. For residents who have weakness or paralysis on one side, place the weaker arm or leg through the garment first. When undressing start with the stronger side. The resident's clothing for the day should be chosen by the resident Front-opening bras are easier for female residents to work by themselves A fracture pan is used for voiding residents who cannot raise their hips Men will generally use a ______ for urination when they cannot get out of bed urinal Residents who can get out bed but cannot walk to the bathroom may use a (n) portable commode Which of the following statements is true? When handling body wastes, the nursing assistant should wear gloves Fowler's position when the patient is sitting at a 45 or 90 degree angle Sims when the person is lying flat with a leg up Why do residents who spend a lot of time in bed or wheelchairs need to be re positioned often? they are at risk of skin breakdown and pressure ulcers In this position the resident is lying on his stomach Prone In this position the resident is lying on either side Lateral Some residents have a side of the body that is weaker than the other one. The weaker side of the body should be referred to as the involved side A draw sheet is used to reposition residents without causing shearing Logrolling is moving a resident as unit without disturbing alignment Dangling a way to help residents regain balance before standing up Which of the following Admission The first time a nursing assistant meets a new resident The NA should try to make sure the resident has a Good impression of her and the facility The NA should prepare the Room before the resident arrives The NA should ask the family to find out A resident's personal preferences and routines The NA should introduce herself To the resident and state her position The NA should always call a resident By her formal name until she tells the NA what she prefers to be called The NA should try to make sure the new resident feels Which of the following is a blood pressure cuff used to measure blood pressure? Sphygmomanometer The second measurement of blood pressure reflects the phase when the heart relaxes. It is called the______ phase Diastoo Blood pressure measurements are recorded as_______ Fractions In the ________phase of blood pressure, the heart is at work, contracting and pushing blood from the left ventricle of the heart. Systolic A pulse oximeter measures Blood oxygen level and pulse rate The purpose of restraints is To restrict voluntary movement or behavior An example of a physical restraint is Raised side rails on a bed A chemical restraint is Medication used to control behavior What is one reason the use of restraints has been restricted? They were sometimes abused by caregivers A restraint can be used When a doctor has ordered it ise Restraint-free care means that Restraints are never used for any reason Restraint alternatives are Any interventions used in place of a restraint Fluids come in the form of liquids that a person Drinks, as well as semi-liquid foods such as soup or gelatin The fluid a person consumes is called Intake or input Fluid balance is taking in and eliminating The same amounts of fluid Hat Collection container put into toilet to collect samples Stool Specimen Urine and toliet paper should not be included with this specimen Specimen A sample that is used for analysis in order to try and make a diagnosis Routine urine specimen Urine sample collected any time resident voids Clean-catch specimen Excludes first and last urine from sample Sputum specimen Early morning is the best time to collect this specimen Catheter Thin tube inserted into the body that is used to drain or inject fluids Condom catheter Urinary catheter that has an attachment that fits into the penis In dwelling catheter Urinary catheter that stays inside the bladder for a period of time Straight catheter Urinary catheter that is removed immediately after urine is drained Urinary catheter Thin tube used to drain urine from the bladder Oxygen is prescribed by A doctor Oxygen should be turned off in The event of a fire NAs should check the skin around Oxygen masks and tubing for irritation IV lines allow direct access to Hold a dressing in place How soon should an NA check on a resident after applying a bandage? 15 Minutes Protein Good sources of these are fish,meat, beans, soy products, and cheese Water Without this, a person can only live a few days Fats These help the body store energy These add flavor to food and help to absorb certain vitamins fats They are essential for tissue growht and repair proteins examples of these are butter, oil and salad dressing fats the body cannot produce most of these minerals These provide fiber carbohydrates example of these include bread, cereal, and potatoes carbohydrates This is the most essential nutrient for life water These can be classified as monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated fats Through perspiration, this helps to maintain body temperature water these can be fat-soluble or water-soluble vitamins one half to two-thirds of body weight is this water iron and calcium are examples of these minerals MyPlate's guidelines state that half of a person's plate should be made up of grains and protein Out of the following choices,which color of vegetables has the best nutritional content? dark green Most of a person's fruit choices should be whole or cut-up fruit What kinds of grains are best to consume? whole grains Which of the following is considered a plant-based protein? Beans wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal and barley are examples of which food group grains Most dairy group choices should be low-fat which of the following foods is considered high in sodium? pickle Low-fat/low-cholesterol diet people at risk for heart attacks and heart disease may be placed on this diet. This diet permits skim milk, low-fat cottage cheese, fish, and white meat of turkey and chicken. Vegetarian diet Health reasons, a dislike of meat, a compassion for animals, or a belief in non-violence may lead a person to this diet Low-protein diet People who have kidney disease may also be on this diet, which encourages foods like breads and pasta Soft diet and mechanical soft diet utensils Position resident sitting_______for eating upright Of resident has had a loss of _________ ask about it appetite and/or seems sad Record meal/snack intake should be washed before residents eat hands proper position for eating that helps prevent swallowing problems upright something that has a positive effect on eating and helps prevent loneliness and boredom socializing Use of eyeglasses, hearing aids, and these should be encouraged dentures devices that can help residents with eating assistive noise level should be kept_______when residents are eating low It is important for NAs to identify each resident before serving meal trays The resident's mouth should be empty before the NA offers another bite of food Residents should be sitting upright at a 90 degree angle for eating Alternating cold and hot foods or bland foods and sweets can help increase appetite Nectar Thick thick juice, can be put in a cup Honey Thick as thick as honey, needs a spoon to consume Pudding Thick semi-solid, the spoon stands up Redness or drainage around the opening should be reported NAs should give careful skin care for residents who must remain in bed for long periods to help prevent pressure ulcers It is important for the NA to wash his hands before assisting in any way with a tube feeding Use _______devices such as utensils with built-up handle grips, plate guards, and drinking cups when necessary assistive For visually-impaired residents, use the face of an imaginary_______ to explain the position of what is in front of them. clock For residents who have had a stroke, place food in the unaffected,or ______side of the mouth stronger Residents with Parkinson's disease may need help if _________or shaking make it difficult for them to eat tremors The hand-over-hand approach is an example of a physical______that can help promote independence. cue Verbal cues must be short and _______ and prompt the resident to do something. clear If a resident has poor sitting balance, seat him in a regular dining room chair with armrests, rather than in a ______ wheelchair Put the resident int he proper position in the chair, which means hips are at a ________ degree angle, knees are flexed, and feet and arms are fully supported. Use_______to keep covers from resting on feet in the supine position bed cradles Prevent external rotation of ______. hips Change ___________ often to prevent muscle stiffness and pressure ulcers. positions This should be done at least every _______ hours two A prosthesis is a device that repalce a body part that is missing or deformed because of an accident, injury, illness, or birth defect when observing the skin on the stump, it is important that NA check for signs of skin breakdown caused by pressure and abrasion Supination turning the hand to the right Flexion Turning the arm towards the body Dorsiflexion turning the feet towards the body Pronation turning the hand to the left Abduction moving the leg away from the body Extension moving the forearm away from the body Rotation rotating your forearm in a circular motion Adduction moving the leg toward the body opposition moving the thumb of the had toward the pinky in what order should the NA perform ROM exercises? He should start from the shoulders and work downward If a resident reports pain during ROM exercises, the NA should stop the exercises and report the pain to the nurse How many times will the NA repeat each exercise while assisting with range of motion? at least 3 times Residents may need help to restore regular______ and _______. routine; normal function Wear _______ when handling body wastes, gloves Explain the training_________to the resident. schedule Keep a _______of bladder and bowel habits record Encourage plenty of _________and foods that are high in ______ fluids and fiber Provide_________for elimination, both in the bed and bathroom. privacy Help with______care, which can prevent skin breakdown perineal Discard clothing_______ and ______ briefs properly protectors; incontinence Praise_____and______to control bladder and bowels success;attempts Never show _______or_______toward an incontinent resident frustration; anger The Internet is a gods resource to use to Try and find a job Identification required by a potential employer any findings of abuse or neglect Treatment or regulations can change In-service continuing education courses help keep an NA's knowledge fresh Stress is a _____ response. physical and emotional When the heart beats fast in stressful situations, it can be a result of the increase of the hormone adrenaline a healthy lifestyle includes exercising regularly Which of the following is a sign that a person is not managing stress? not being able to focus on work Which of the following are appropriate people for an NA to turn to for help in managing stress? supervisors communication is the process of exchanging information with others verbal communication the exchange of spoken or written language with others during interactions nonverbal communication communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech objective information is based on what a person sees hears touches or smells subjective information is something a person cannot see or is there is based on something that a resident reports that may or may not be true also cold symptoms sight the na should look for changes in the appearance such as rashes redness, swelling hearing any should listen to What the residents says about his condition is resonant speaking clearly breathing normal coughing gasping wheezing touch does the residents skin feel hot or cold moist or dry is the pulse rate regular smell are there any odors coming from the residence body incontinence is the inability to control the bladder or bowels Derma skin Brady slow root is part of a word that contains its basic meaning prefix is the word part that comes before the route to help form a new word Suffixes is the part added to the word at the end of the root that helps form a new word pathy disease neuro nerve, nervous system PRN as necessary cliche are phrases that are used over and over again and do not really mean anything defense mechanisms are unconscious behavior used to release tension or cope with stress denial completely rejecting the thought or feeling OSHA occupational safety and health administration so the federal government agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job pass pull the pin aim at the base of the fire when spraying squeeze the handle sweep back and forth at the base of the fire RACE Remove residents activate alarm/call 911 Contain fire extinguish Conscious means being mentally Alert in having awareness of surrounding Sensations and thoughts first aid Emergency care given to an ill or injured person before medical help arrives cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR refers to medical procedures used when a person's heart or lungs have stopped working obstructed Airway but something is blocking the tube through it air enters the lungs abdominal thrusts Method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of someone who is choking. cyanotic blue tinted skin or inability to speak breathe or cough shock when organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate body supplies dyspnea difficulty breathing insulin reaction Hypoglycemia leading to insulin coma caused by too much insulin or too little food Diabetic ketoacidosis dka or hyperglycemia is caused by having too little insulin celebral vascular accident CVA or stroke occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain transient ischemic attack warning sign of a CVA results of a temporary lack of oxygen in the brain in a mini stroke emesis vomiting infection prevention is the term for methods practice in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease microorganism MO does a living thing or organism that is so small that can only be seen under a microscope microbe another name for a microorganism always present in the environment Infections occur when harmful microorganisms called pathogens invade the body and multiply pathogens harmful microorganisms localized infection is limited to a specific location of the body systemic infections affects the entire body this type of infection travels through the bloodstream and it spread throughout the body healthcare-associated infection Hai is an infection acquired in a healthcare setting during the delivery of Medical Care Chain of Infection is a way of describing how disease is transmitted from one being to another number one causative agent washing hands with either playing or anti steps of soap and water and using alcohol- based hand rubs antimicrobial agent destroys resist or prevent the development of pathogens personal protective equipment PPE is equipment that helps protect employees from serious injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards Don to put on gowns math goggles face shield doff to remove or take off perineal care care of the genitals and anal area non-intact skin scandals broken by abrasion cut rashes acne pimples lesions surgical inclusions are boils clean free from organisms causing disease dirty has been contaminated with pathogens sterilization is a cleaning measure that destroys all microorganisms including pathogens disposable equipment is discarded after one use disinfection is it process or kills pathogens but does not destroy all pathogens transmission based precautions precautions that are used when caring for persons who are infected or suspected of being infected with a disease bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms found in human blood that cause infection and disease hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses in other factors such as alcohol abuse some medications and Trauma Tuberculosis TB is it highly contagious lung disease caused by a bacterium that is carried on mucous droplets suspended in the air MRSA Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus is an antibiotic-resistant infection often acquired in healthcare facilities spread through direct and indirect contact VRE vancomycin resistant enterococus bacteria that live in the digestive and genital tracks spread through direct and indirect contact C-diff clostridium difficile is a Spore forming bacteria which can be part of the normal intestinal Flora produces a toxin that causes a watery diarrhea causes from overuse of antibiotics can be passed by direct contact or indirect contact