Healthcare Terminology and Concepts, Exams of Nursing

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SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST PRACTICE EXAM 2024 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS Patient safety and hospital efficiency and effectiveness are related to? - correct answer✔✔ consistent communication Preoperative diagnostic studies are performed by the? - correct answer✔✔ Radiologist A professional organization dedicated to the improvement of surgical care by elevating standards of surgical education and practice is the? - correct answer✔✔ American College of Surgeons The non-profit organization that develops standards and performance criteria for health care organiations is the? - correct answer✔✔ The Joint Commission What is a proper job description? - correct answer✔✔ Provides a job title, definition, specified requirements, duties and tasks, and designation of ones immediate supervisor Which OR team member is responsible for opening sterile supplies onto the field DURING a surgical procedure? - correct answer✔✔ Circulator and ST in circulating role When was the first national certifying exam for the surgical technologist offered? - correct answer✔✔ Dec 1970 Indirect patient care is provided by which departments? - correct answer✔✔ administration, maintenance, housekeeping, food services, purchasing/central services, medical records The certification exam for surgical techs is given by what entity - correct answer✔✔ National Board of Surgical Technologists and Surgical Assistants The surgical technologist serving in the traditional role is called the? - correct answer✔✔ Scrub tech or STSR Accreditation is a term that applies to? - correct answer✔✔ Programs Hospital philosophy and policy are usually determined by the ? - correct answer✔✔ Board of Trustees A CRNA is part of what OR group - correct answer✔✔ non sterile anesthesia dept A contractual relatinship and mutual benefit that exist when one party or entity agrees to pay another for a specified loss or condition is known as? - correct answer✔✔ insurance Medicare is a program administered by the federal government through which agency - correct answer✔✔ CMS The __ is a division of the United Nations that promotes health activites worldwide? - correct answer✔✔ World Health Organization What entity accredits surgical technology programs? - correct answer✔✔ Commission Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs A general description of the abilities needed to perform a job is known as? - correct answer✔✔ competencies What term defines the relationship among coworker, surgeon, and other health care providers? - correct answer✔✔ professional What term defines the relationship among the surgical technologist, the patient, and the patient's family? - correct answer✔✔ therapeutic According to the text, what is key to teamwork among health care providers? - correct answer✔✔ communication What are the common physiological factors in the elderly? - correct answer✔✔ Decreased cardiac and respiratory function If adult response is the norm, pediatric patients must be observed for what response? - correct answer✔✔ Paradoxical (opposite) What is the term given to a genetic malformation known commonly as a cleft lip? - correct answer✔✔ cheiloschisis An example of a non malignant neoplasm is? - correct answer✔✔ uterine fibroid According to the text, which two broad factors apply to a patient's reaction to health, illness, and hospitilization? - correct answer✔✔ adaptation and stress Roy states that health involves becoming an integrated and __ person? - correct answer✔✔ Whole When an injury or illness takes place, certain stressers affect the patient physically and mentally. An adolescent patient is very conscious about their? - correct answer✔✔ body and privacy When an illness takes place, certain stressors affect the patient physically and mentally. Adult patients are worried about? - correct answer✔✔ death, infirmity, family, paying bills, job security When an injury or illness takes place, certain stressors affect the patient physically and mentally. Pediatric patients fear? - correct answer✔✔ anesthesia What religious group doesnt permit blood tranfusions - correct answer✔✔ Jehovah's witness what term describes the following coping mechanism: "The patient does not want to accept the truth of what is occuring" - correct answer✔✔ denial Which term describes the following coping mechanism: "The patient returns to an earlier stage of life such as that of a child and exhibits behaviors unique to that stage of life" - correct answer✔✔ regression What term describes the following coping mechanism: "A patient tries to give excuses as to why he or she has a particular illness" - correct answer✔✔ rationalization What term describes the following coping mechanism: "a patient holds in thoughts and feelings about a disease or illness" - correct answer✔✔ repression What types of values can create conflict in moral values? - correct answer✔✔ Cultural and Religous In which religion is organ donation controversial - correct answer✔✔ Buddhism In which religion is birth control not allowed? - correct answer✔✔ Catholic What religion does not permit abortion under any circumstance? - correct answer✔✔ American indian, jehovahs witness, hinduism, Catholic What religion uses the Torah as a holy text? - correct answer✔✔ Judaism What religion does not drink coffee or tea? - correct answer✔✔ Morman Special populations have unique __ needs - correct answer✔✔ physical and psychological A patient is considered a pediatric patient if he or she is between the ages of ___? - correct answer✔✔ birth to age 12 The term neonate applies to the pediatric patient who is between the ages of __? - correct answer✔✔ birth and 28 days of life outside the uterus A child less than 6 months of age cannot shiver therefore the child is at risk for? - correct answer✔✔ hypothermia, bradycardia, and acidosis In the normal child, the testes descend by the age of? - correct answer✔✔ one What task should the circulating ST perform to assist the anesthesia provider during induction of a pediatric patient? - correct answer✔✔ Hold the mask on face, hold patients hand, making sure the room is quiet, temp 70 degrees at least What are the critical parameters for monitoring pediatric patients? - correct answer✔✔ temp, urine output, cardiac function, and oxygenation In comparison to adults, pediatric patients have little subcutaneous fat and therefore? - correct answer✔✔ poor thermal insulation What is the most effective way to keep an infant's body temperature at an acceptable level? - correct answer✔✔ overhead radiant heater, keep extremities covered What vein is least used for central venous catheter placement in the pediatric patient? - correct answer✔✔ Saphenous vein What is the standard for intraoperative monitoring of oxygenation levels for all age groups of surgical patients? - correct answer✔✔ measuring the arterial blood gases What are the two common types of shock seen in all age groups? - correct answer✔✔ Septic and Hypovalemic Septic shock is caused by? - correct answer✔✔ gram negative bacteria Hypovolemic shock in neonates results in? - correct answer✔✔ decreased venous return What is the most common cause of hypovalemic shock in infants? - correct answer✔✔ Dehyrdration A major concern in the OR for pediatric patients is insensible water loss. Why does this loss occur? - correct answer✔✔ Overhead radiant heaters and phototherapy What can stimulate preterm labor in the pregnant surgical patient? - correct answer✔✔ vaginal bleeding, ruptured membranes, or uterine irritability, anesthesia, vasosuppresor When placing the pregnant surgical patient in the supine position, the CST should place a small rolled pad or sheet under the right hip, this will help __? - correct answer✔✔ take wieght off the vena cava IV placement in the patient with AIDS may be difficult due to? - correct answer✔✔ lack of suitable vein The wearing of protective attire is mandated by the __ bloodborne pahtogens rule? - correct answer✔✔ OSHA When a patient is to be transported from an isolation room to the surgery department, what are the recommendations? - correct answer✔✔ wear appropriate barriers, all team members be aware, patient is taught how to assist in preventing transmission, proper dressing on patient Typical physiological changes in the elderly patient include? - correct answer✔✔ increased tolerance with pain Emergency procedures on geriatric patients are associated with? - correct answer✔✔ higher mortality rates A Level III trauma center typically? - correct answer✔✔ is community or rural hospital What three factors are important when considering the resulting injury that a patient will sustain from a trauma? - correct answer✔✔ velocity of the injuring force, flexibility of the tissue, shape of the injuring force The __ is the number one organ injured in a motor vehicle accident? - correct answer✔✔ spleen the front of a surgical gown from waist to midchest and circumferentially to 2 inches above the elbows on the sleeves is considered? - correct answer✔✔ sterile The anesthesia machine should be set up at the __ of the OR bed - correct answer✔✔ head of the table Packs containing disposable drapes, supplies, sutures, blades, and items necessary for specific procedures are called __? - correct answer✔✔ wrapped or peel packed items Organism on the surface of the skin easily removed by handwashing are called? - correct answer✔✔ transient organisms The method in which hands and arms are scrubbed for a prescribed length of time is called __? - correct answer✔✔ surgical scrub After scrub is complete, it is important to __? - correct answer✔✔ keep hands b/w waist and mid-chest and avoid letting hands or arms touch anything When self gowning and gloving, the STSR should - correct answer✔✔ not turn back to sterile field The closed-glove technique is used __? - correct answer✔✔ for donning the gloves following a surgical scrub and after gown is donned The method used to don gloves for patient skin prep or catherization is called __? - correct answer✔✔ open glove The gown is removed __? - correct answer✔✔ prior to glove removal Grasping the outer cuff of both gloves with thumb and middle finger of the opposite hand, then pulling both hands outward at the same time to remove gloves prevents __? - correct answer✔✔ the wearer from having to touch contaminated areas of gloves and prevent further contamination The pulse oximeter cannot function properly if the patient is wearing __? - correct answer✔✔ nail polish When changing into OR attire, the __ most be donned first. - correct answer✔✔ hair cover All tables to be set up as part of the sterile field should be placed at least __ inches away from the walls - correct answer✔✔ 12-18 When creating the sterile field, __ should be opened first. - correct answer✔✔ back table The surgical scrub is intended to render the hands and arms __? - correct answer✔✔ surgically clean The first scrub of the day is __ minutes and all subsequent scrubs are __ minutes. - correct answer✔✔ 10, 5 Items are counted in what order for every procedure - correct answer✔✔ sponges, sharps, instruments Hypothermia affects up to __% of all surgical patients - correct answer✔✔ 60 What term means loss of heat from the patient's body to the environment? - correct answer✔✔ radiation Back injury or back pain is usually the result of a number of factors? - correct answer✔✔ lifting with back bowed out, bending/reaching with back bowed, jerking or twisting of hips, obesity, loss of strength and flexibility, poor nutrition The danger of fire in the OR has been reduced with the introduction of which kind of anesthetic agents? - correct answer✔✔ Halogenic What type of fire extinguisher should be available for use when laser surgery is involved? - correct answer✔✔ Halon fire extinguisher The humidity of the OR should be no higher than? - correct answer✔✔ 60% What percentage must humidity remain higher than to avoid the transmission of sparks in the OR? - correct answer✔✔ higher than 50% A common benign reaction associated with latex allergy is? - correct answer✔✔ contact dermitis and irritant dermititis As bone cement hardens it expands within the medullary canal, causing intramedullary hypertension that can lead to? - correct answer✔✔ microembolism of fat, bone marrow, PMMA cement, and air into the femoral venous vessels A method used to reduce complication and avoid patient death is? - correct answer✔✔ using uncemented prostheses, surgically venting the distal femur, increase the inspired oxygen concentration prior to injecting PMMA cement What are the characteristics of PMMA syndrome? - correct answer✔✔ hypoxia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension, decreased cardiac output A consequence of hypertension from PMMA use is what? - correct answer✔✔ air into the femoral venous vessels Approximately what percentage of direct patient care personnel are sensitive to latex? - correct answer✔✔ 6-7% To keep the amount of airborne contamination in the OR room to a minimum, the CDC recommends how many air exchanges per hour? - correct answer✔✔ 20 The are that contains a sink, has a steam sterilizer, and acts as a workroom for an OR or a group of adjacent ORs is known as? - correct answer✔✔ Substerile area What machine found in the decontamination room uses cavitation? - correct answer✔✔ Ultrasonic washer What is the main reason tile floor in the OR are undesirable? - correct answer✔✔ grout harbors bacteria and is difficult to clean Injury due to improper positioning can result in ALL member being sued for? - correct answer✔✔ negligence Accountability is defined as - correct answer✔✔ the obligation to disclose details for evaluation....to be held responsible for Negligence is a breach of duty and is defined as? - correct answer✔✔ an omission or commission of an act that a reasonable and prudent person would NOT do under the same circumstance Whose responsibility is it to identify the surgical patient? - correct answer✔✔ transport personel, pre- op holding nurse, circulator, anesthesiologist, surgeon, ALL MEMBER OF SURGICAL TEAM Who is responsible for checking diagnostic tests such as X-rays and CT scans to confirm the proper area or side before an incision is made? - correct answer✔✔ Surgeon and Surgical assistant When taking hot surgical instruments from a steam autoclave, the surgical technologist is responsible for cooling instruments with ? - correct answer✔✔ cool sterile water What must be done to electrical devices in the OR to prevent the risk of burns to the patient? - correct answer✔✔ grounded and tested frequently What should take place immediately after the patient is moved from the stretcher to the OR table? - correct answer✔✔ safety strap should be applied Loss or mishandling of a specimen could be considered negligence and could result in? - correct answer✔✔ preventing a diagnosis, and require another surgical procedure The only method used to ensure the sterility of an item is? - correct answer✔✔ biological indicators Whose responsibility is it to remove a patients personal items in the OR - correct answer✔✔ Circulator __ is truly the best medicine when taking care of the surgical patient? - correct answer✔✔ Prevention __ is the term that refers to permission being given for an action? - correct answer✔✔ Consent A properly written, informed consent should contain the __? - correct answer✔✔ patients legal name, surgeons name, procedure performed, risks of anesthesia, patients legal signature, signature of witnesses, date and time of signatures Informed consent may be given under specific circumstances, by any of the following EXCEPT? - correct answer✔✔ a competent adult Implied consent may apply when? - correct answer✔✔ conditions found during surgery In the health care field, the term __ is used broadly to refer to the placing of information into a patients medical record? - correct answer✔✔ documentation The medical record of a surgical patient will typically include all of the following EXCEPT? - correct answer✔✔ family members names What is used to report an unusual event that has occurred and may have legal ramifications for the staff or the patient? - correct answer✔✔ incident report Ethics is an attempt to define right and wrong based upon? - correct answer✔✔ beliefs The Patients Bill of Rights establishes the patient as ? - correct answer✔✔ a consumer of goods Knowledge and skills required for the profession to provide effective and reliable services is called? - correct answer✔✔ scope of practice To a very large extent, surgical technology and surgical assistant scope of practice is determined by the delagatory decisions made by ? - correct answer✔✔ supervising surgeon Most surgical technology programs are accredited through? - correct answer✔✔ CAAHEP Curvid Iris and and Potts-smtih scissors are frequently used to dissect __ tissues? - correct answer✔✔ delicate Strabismus and corneal scissors are most often used for __ procedures? - correct answer✔✔ eye The most frequently used scissors for cutting sutures are the __? - correct answer✔✔ Straight Mayo Lane, Kern, Lowman, and Lewin are examples of ? - correct answer✔✔ bone holding forceps Clamping instruments are designed to __? - correct answer✔✔ occlude or constrict tissue Instruments designed for the exposure of the operative site are called? - correct answer✔✔ retractors/viewing Instruments used to hold a curved suture needle for suturing are called? - correct answer✔✔ needle holders Yankauer and Poole suction tips are commonly used for? - correct answer✔✔ aspiration of abdominal fluids The suction tip typically used for ear procedures is the ? - correct answer✔✔ Rosen suction tip An instrument that penetrates a body cavity for drainage of fluid is called a? - correct answer✔✔ Trocar General abdominal procedures typically require a __ instrument set? - correct answer✔✔ major or minor laparotomy set Scopes typically used for cystoscopy, laparoscopy, and thoracoscopy are called? - correct answer✔✔ Rigid scopes The scope used for exploration of the biliary system is called? - correct answer✔✔ choledochoscope The scope used for visualization of the heart and major vessels is called an? - correct answer✔✔ angioscope The scope used for visualization of a fetus in utero is called a? - correct answer✔✔ fetoscope The tool used for inserting sharp pins to reduce a bone fracture or guide a driven nail is called? - correct answer✔✔ drills What machine uses electric impulses to generate heat and is cooled by air or fluid that flows through the power cord? - correct answer✔✔ Piezoelectric Machine What machine infuses CO2 gas into the abdominal cavity? - correct answer✔✔ insufflator Drapes that have an adhesive backing that can be impregnated with an antimicrobial iodine agent are called? - correct answer✔✔ incise drapes Drapes that have openings for exposure of the area to be incised are called? - correct answer✔✔ fenestrated Sponges used for procedures requiring smaller incisions are called? - correct answer✔✔ raytecs The type of surgical dressing that eliminates dead space and prevents edema or post-op bleeding is called? - correct answer✔✔ pressure dressing What is used for wounds that require frequent dressing changes? - correct answer✔✔ Montgomery Straps Cylindrical tubes that allow for the removal of air or fluids from the body are called? - correct answer✔✔ drains What is used to irrigate wounds, aspirate fluids, or inject medications? - correct answer✔✔ syringes Give an example of a type of suprapubic catheter? - correct answer✔✔ Foley, Pezzer, Malcot, Coude The chest tube collection unit must be maintained? - correct answer✔✔ below the level of the throacic cavity Give examples of passive drains? - correct answer✔✔ Penrose, Cigarette, T-tube, Gastrostomy, Cystostomy, Nephrostomy A tru-cut needle is used __? - correct answer✔✔ for multiple biopsies Small, clear, plastic drapes with openings that are surrounded by an adhesive backing are called __ drapes? - correct answer✔✔ aperature Neurosurgical sponges are referred to as? - correct answer✔✔ Patties (cottonoids) Tonsil sponges are assembled in packages of ? - correct answer✔✔ 5 Collodian is an example of what type of dressing? - correct answer✔✔ One-layer dressing What is a Minerva jacket? - correct answer✔✔ Type of cast extending from the head to the hips to immobilize the cervical and thoracic vertebrae What type of gas is infused into the abdominal cavity for laparoscopic procedures? - correct answer✔✔ CO2 The nerve stimulator is especially useful for identification of the __ cranial nerve? - correct answer✔✔ 7th (Facial) Placement of the tourniquet cuff is determined by the __? - correct answer✔✔ Physician If blood products are not going to be used immediately, they should be stored in a refrigerator at a temperature between __ degrees Celsius - correct answer✔✔ 1-6 List three blood replacement products? - correct answer✔✔ Whole blood, plasma, packed RBC's or Platelets Another name for Surgicel is? - correct answer✔✔ oxidized cellulose Avitene is a form of? - correct answer✔✔ collagen The thin rubber tube that facilitates drainage by capillary action is called? - correct answer✔✔ Penrose When the material used to tie off a bleeding blood vessel is of a monofilament type, the tails of the suture should be left approximately __ inches long form the knot? - correct answer✔✔ 1/4 What are Pledgets? - correct answer✔✔ small squares of Teflon, sewn over holes in vessels and exerts outside pressure to prevent bleeding and promote clotting __ is major biomedical advance introduced into the OR? - correct answer✔✔ Robotics The modem of a computer is a communication device that enables information to be sent over? - correct answer✔✔ Telephone line What symbols are always employed within in e-mail address? - correct answer✔✔ @ __ is a device that delivers electrical current to the surgical site? - correct answer✔✔ bovie pencil Electrons revolve around the nucleus in paths called? - correct answer✔✔ shells Outer electrons are referred to as __ electrons? - correct answer✔✔ free Materials that inhibit the flow of electrons are called? - correct answer✔✔ insulators How does high humidity affect the OR environment? - correct answer✔✔ formation of sparks Current is measured in __? - correct answer✔✔ amperes The scientific law that pertains to electricity is called? - correct answer✔✔ Ohm's Law The rate at which work is done, expressed as the amount of work per unit time, is called? - correct answer✔✔ power A surgical lamp is an example of resistive energy? - correct answer✔✔ loads Electrosurgery is the application of __ current to coagulate or cut tissue? - correct answer✔✔ electrical current Ultrasound imaging is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that transforms __ wave into images. - correct answer✔✔ sound Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that reveals dynamic activities within the body? - correct answer✔✔ blood flow and glucose uptake in tissues Mechanics is the study of __? - correct answer✔✔ objects in motion How fast something is moving without consideration of the objects direction describes? - correct answer✔✔ speed Whereas speed is not dependent upon direction, velocity involves direction and __? - correct answer✔✔ speed Acceleration is defined as the change in __ over time? - correct answer✔✔ velocity Projectile motion refers to the motion of an object launched into the air at a specific __? - correct answer✔✔ angle Classical mechanics are based on __ laws of motion? - correct answer✔✔ Newtons __ reflects Newton's third law that states for each action there is an equal and opposite reaction? - correct answer✔✔ Canon's recoil or momentum Newton's third law is also known as the law of __? - correct answer✔✔ Conservation of momentum In physics, work is defined as force acting upon an object causing? - correct answer✔✔ displacement The most common form of energy is __ energy? - correct answer✔✔ Mechanical Objects that have mass and take up space are referred to as? - correct answer✔✔ Matter All matter is made up of fundamental elements that cannot be broken down by? - correct answer✔✔ chemical mass __ is contained within the nucleus of an atom? - correct answer✔✔ protons and neutrons Molecules are groups of atoms joined by __ bonds? - correct answer✔✔ chemical The basic forms of matter--solids, liguids, and gases are called? - correct answer✔✔ states of matter Waves that are shorter than ultraviolet and about one-thousandth the wavelength of visible light are called? - correct answer✔✔ X-rays The study of objects in motion with much concern for the forces that produced the motion is __? - correct answer✔✔ dynamics Which of Newtons laws state that in an isolated system the total momentum before any event is equal to the total momentum after the event? - correct answer✔✔ 3rd Molecules carry thermal energy in the form of? - correct answer✔✔ Motion Sound travels through __ states of matter? - correct answer✔✔ all Laser light is collimated, which means that? - correct answer✔✔ its waves are parallel to each other and do no spread out as they travel away from their source The __ laser is the most frequently used laser system in the OR? - correct answer✔✔ CO2 What type of laser produces a green wavelength with an affirmity for red or darker tissues, such as hemoglobin or melanin? - correct answer✔✔ argon laser The laser of choice for gastrointestinal endoscopy is? - correct answer✔✔ Nd:YAG laser system An intentional cut through intact tissue for the purpose of exposing or excising underlying structures is called? - correct answer✔✔ incision Which class of surgical wounds has the highest rate of infection? - correct answer✔✔ Class IV: Dirty/Infected The final wound classification is assigned when? - correct answer✔✔ the procedure ends A wound expected to heal by first intention is an? - correct answer✔✔ incision opened under ideal conditions, CLEAN WOUND What involves irrigation to wash out contaminants and removal of devatilized tissue? - correct answer✔✔ Debridement Pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function are classic local signs of? - correct answer✔✔ inflammation Healing where the wound is left open and allowed to heal from the inner layer to the outside surface is? - correct answer✔✔ second intention (granulation) Which phase of would healing begins within minutes of an injury? - correct answer✔✔ Lag phase of Inflammatory response phase, 1 In which phase of healing does a wound undergo a slow, sustained increase in tissue tensile strength? - correct answer✔✔ maturation or differentiation phase, 3 In the proliferation phase, what forms into fibers that give the wound approximately 25-30% of its original tensile strength? - correct answer✔✔ fibroblast secrete collagen Raised, thickened scar due to excessive collagen formation is called? - correct answer✔✔ keloid A physical factor influencing wound healing is? - correct answer✔✔ age, nutritional status, disease, smoking, radiation exposure, immunocompromised or suppressed The partial or total separation of a layer or layers of tissue after closure is called? - correct answer✔✔ dehiscence An abnormal attachment of two surfaces or structures that are normally separate is called? - correct answer✔✔ adhesion A tract between two epithelium lined surfaces that is open at both ends is called? - correct answer✔✔ fistula Occlusive adherent polyurethane, liquid collodion, and aerosol adhesive sprays are examples of? - correct answer✔✔ one layer dressing What dressing layer is considered the absorbent layer? - correct answer✔✔ inner contact layer Elastic bandages, Montgomery straps, and tape are examples of? - correct answer✔✔ outer layers The suture diameter is referred to as the? - correct answer✔✔ gauge Plain gut, chromic gut, PDS II, Monocryl, and Maxon are examples of? - correct answer✔✔ monofilament absorbable sutures Surgical silk is? - correct answer✔✔ multifilament nonabsorbable What suture is commonly used for tendon repair and bone repair? - correct answer✔✔ Stainless Steel Give four examples of absorbable suture? - correct answer✔✔ plain gut, polygyconate, polyglactin 910, polyglycdic acid One of the most important pieces of information the STSR should learn to look for on a box of sutures is the ? - correct answer✔✔ suture size and material, type/size of needle Precut ties that are removed as single strands from the package and placed into the open hand of the surgeon for use as ligatures are? - correct answer✔✔ free ties A fast-healing, thin membrane lining the abdominal cavity is called? - correct answer✔✔ peritoneum The are of touch connective tissue just beneath the skin and just above the subcutaneous layer is called? - correct answer✔✔ subcuticular layer Endoscopic sutures are tied using which of the following? - correct answer✔✔ endoscopic needle holder and knot pusher Vessel loops are used to __? - correct answer✔✔ isolate or retract vessels, nerves, or ducts Which type of suture should be used to close an infected wound? - correct answer✔✔ monofilament An AP radiographic film is taken?? - correct answer✔✔ front to back A myleogram is used to __. - correct answer✔✔ To evaluate the spine for patients with neck, back, and leg pain. What is used to enhance visualization of structures during a diagnostic imaging procedure? - correct answer✔✔ contrast medium What diagnostic imaging procedure allows the surgeon to view anatomic structures during the surgical procedure? - correct answer✔✔ fluoroscopy Angiography is used __? - correct answer✔✔ assess the cause and severity of peripheral vascular disease What procedure is used to evaluate heart function? - correct answer✔✔ cardiac catherization Cholangiography is a radiographic study of the __? - correct answer✔✔ common bile duct or gallbladder What is most useful for viewing soft tissue? - correct answer✔✔ MRI Ultrasound involves the use of __? - correct answer✔✔ sound waves Nuclear medicine studies are also referred to as __? - correct answer✔✔ isotope scanning The MIBG scan is a specific type of isotope scan used to identify a problem with the __? - correct answer✔✔ adrenal glands Urine collected over a 24hour period is tested to determine_? - correct answer✔✔ level of nitrogenous wastes The term staging refers to the __? - correct answer✔✔ the degree of tumor metastasis The normal percentage of oxygen saturation in arterial blood is __ of capacity? - correct answer✔✔ 96- 100 The __ is the physician who will provide a biopsy report? - correct answer✔✔ pathologist The Gram stain is a technique used to identify a __? - correct answer✔✔ microorganism A culture provides information about the type of __ present? - correct answer✔✔ bacteria Thoracentesis is the removal of __? - correct answer✔✔ fluid accumulation from within the pleural cavity Electroencephalography is a recording of __? - correct answer✔✔ the electrical activity of the brain The display and recording of the electrical activity of the skeletal muscle is called? - correct answer✔✔ electromyography Arterial saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen is measured with the use of __? - correct answer✔✔ pulse oximetry, passing a light through the tissues to determine the optical density of the blood An estimation of the arterial levels of CO2 is determined with the use of__? - correct answer✔✔ capnography Information about the patient's lung capacity, resistance, and ventilatory pressure is obtained and displayed with the use of __? - correct answer✔✔ Spirometry Deep-vein thrombosis can be diagnosed with the use of __? - correct answer✔✔ Phleborheography What is the first priority of the STSR when an intraoperative X-ray is being taken? - correct answer✔✔ protect the sterile filed form contaminatioon Roentgenography is synonymous with the term? - correct answer✔✔ radiography Auscultation involves the use of a __? - correct answer✔✔ stethoscope An otoscope is used for viewing the? - correct answer✔✔ ears Correct placement of indwelling catheters, tubes, and drains may be verified by? - correct answer✔✔ x- ray Mammography uses x-rays to locate tumors of the? - correct answer✔✔ breast What is used to create an easy entrance into most vessels of the body? - correct answer✔✔ Seldinger Technique Contrast media can be introduced __? - correct answer✔✔ into arteries and veins For what portion of the body is Renografin most often used? - correct answer✔✔ kidney or urinary system What vein is frequently used for insertion of an angiographic catheter? - correct answer✔✔ Saphenous Handing off a small specimen to the circulator can be a challenging task. The surgical technologist may use what device to make this task easier? - correct answer✔✔ telfa pad What type of biopsy involves the removal of a portion of the tissue mass or lesion for pathology study? - correct answer✔✔ incisional biopsy What specimen can be altered if placed in formalin? - correct answer✔✔ gallstones What color do gram positive bacteria turn in a Gram stain? - correct answer✔✔ blue What color do gram-negative bacteria turn in a Gram stain? - correct answer✔✔ pink Tissue or fluid that is suspected of being infected may be cultured for a pathogen to be identified. This is called? - correct answer✔✔ culture and sensitivity An ECG is useful for graded exercise testing. This is also referred to as_? - correct answer✔✔ stress test What is the largest and most complex synovial joint? - correct answer✔✔ knee What ligament originates from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and extends to the lateral condyle of the Femur? - correct answer✔✔ Anterior cruciate Turning the hand so that the palm is facing upward is referred to as? - correct answer✔✔ plantar flexion An example of a cartilaginous joint is the__? - correct answer✔✔ intervertebral disk and pubic symphysis A softening of adult bone due to a disorder in calcium and phosphorus metabolism is called? - correct answer✔✔ osteomalcia A fracture at the distal end of the radius in which the smaller fragment is displaced posteriorly is called? - correct answer✔✔ Colles' fracture What bone articulates with the distal tibia and fibula? - correct answer✔✔ Talus At its distal end, the tibia expands to form a prominence on the inner ankle called the__? - correct answer✔✔ medial malleolus Posteriorly, the ilium joins the sacrum at the_? - correct answer✔✔ sacroiliac joint The end of which bone articulates with the manubrium? - correct answer✔✔ clavicle What medical term is used to refer to the first seven rib pairs? - correct answer✔✔ True ribs What bones are attached to each of the thoracic vertebrae? - correct answer✔✔ Ribs The initial step in the body's repair of a fracture involves? - correct answer✔✔ Blood clot What type of fracture is complete and results in several bony fragments? - correct answer✔✔ comminuted What type of cells break down and assimilate bone? - correct answer✔✔ osteoclasts Osteocytes are located in minute bone chambers called? - correct answer✔✔ lacuna Which bone is posterior to the mandible and anterior to the trachea? - correct answer✔✔ Hyoid What is the name of the second cervical vertebra? - correct answer✔✔ Axis During a total hip replacement surgery, what instrument is used to replace the femoral head? - correct answer✔✔ intramedullary reamer Bone grafts are usually take from the __? - correct answer✔✔ iliac crest Manipulating bone fracture fragments into alignment without incising the skin is called? - correct answer✔✔ closed reduction The use of screw and plate geometry to apply forces at a fracture site is called? - correct answer✔✔ dynamic compression What is the correct sequence of surgical instruments for the insertion of a bone screw? - correct answer✔✔ drill, depth, tap, screw What type of casting material is inexpensive, lightweight, and strong? - correct answer✔✔ fiberglass What style of cast is applied to the trunk, around the affected leg, and around half of the unaffected leg? - correct answer✔✔ Hip spica What suture can be used to attach a tendon to bone? - correct answer✔✔ Polyester, Nylon, Prolene What muscles are part of the rotator cuff? - correct answer✔✔ infraspinatus, subscapularis, surpraspinatus, and teres minor What is the primary reason fro performing a total joint arthroplasty? - correct answer✔✔ Degenerative joint disease What instrument is used to prepare the acetabulum? - correct answer✔✔ acetabular reamer On which bone is the chamfer cut perfromed during a total knee arthroplasty? - correct answer✔✔ femur The pH of vaginal fluid is? - correct answer✔✔ 3.8-4.5 acidic The uterine lining is called the __? - correct answer✔✔ endometrium The ligament that supports the bulk of the ovary is called the __ ligament? - correct answer✔✔ suspensory ligament The uterine tubes are contained within the __ ligament? - correct answer✔✔ broad The uterine appendages __? - correct answer✔✔ fallopian tubes and ovaries What is the synonym for the fallopian tube? - correct answer✔✔ uterine tubes What causes descent of the fetus through the pelvic canal? - correct answer✔✔ contractions The term gravida indicates? - correct answer✔✔ the # of pregnancies In what position is the patient generally placed into for a D and C? - correct answer✔✔ lithotomy What accessories are needed for the OR table in order to place the patient into the lithotomy poistion? - correct answer✔✔ Stirrups and foot holders The term used to describe abnormal labor or childbirth is __? - correct answer✔✔ dystocia The Pfannenstiel incision is what type of incision? - correct answer✔✔ lower transverse abdominal The internal cervical os is the __? - correct answer✔✔ junction between the corpus uteri and the cervix The three layers of the uterine wall are? - correct answer✔✔ visceral peritoneum, endometrium, and myometrium The two hormones from the anterior pituitary that stimulate the ovarian cycle__? - correct answer✔✔ luteninizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone Where is the most common site for ectopic pregnancy? - correct answer✔✔ Fallopian tube The absence or abnormal stoppage of the menses is called? - correct answer✔✔ amenorrhea The most significant cause of morbidity during a cesarean section is? - correct answer✔✔ anesthetic problems A DeLee suction device is used ? - correct answer✔✔ to clear the neonates airway The posterior colporrhaphy is performed to_? - correct answer✔✔ repair rectectocele A fole catheter is used routinely during pelvic procedures to __? - correct answer✔✔ decompress the bladder Total abdominal hysterectomy involves the removal of what structures? - correct answer✔✔ uterus Cerlage is performed to_? - correct answer✔✔ close the incompetent cervic The ovaries function? - correct answer✔✔ is the production and expulsion of oocytes and the release of the hormones estrogen and progesterone Tuboplasty is? - correct answer✔✔ restore tubal patency The external female genitalia are collectively referred to as the _? - correct answer✔✔ vulva The fundis is the _? - correct answer✔✔ dome like portion of the uterus The fornix? - correct answer✔✔ annular recess created by the cervical-vaginal junction A pap smear is performed to rule out__? - correct answer✔✔ cervical dysplasia Endometriosis is _? - correct answer✔✔ When the cells from the uterus grow outside of the uterine cavity In what position is the patient placed for a total abdominal hysterectomy? - correct answer✔✔ supine Marsupialization indicates? - correct answer✔✔ pouch is created A fibroid is a benign tumor found? - correct answer✔✔ myometrium Indigo carmine is used following tuboplasty to demonstrate? - correct answer✔✔ tubal patency The term D and C represents? - correct answer✔✔ dialation and curretage Cystocele is prolapse of the __? - correct answer✔✔ bladder Vaginal hysterectomy is used to describe the removal of? - correct answer✔✔ uterus through vaginal incision During which stage of labor is the placenta delivered? - correct answer✔✔ stage 3 Arterial blood supply to the uterus is provided by the_? - correct answer✔✔ uterine branch of the paired internal iliac arteries What is the name given to a fistula that forms between the bladder and vagina? - correct answer✔✔ vesico vaginal fistula The xiphoid proces is the __ portion of the sternum? - correct answer✔✔ distal The gallbladder is found in the __ abdominal quadrant. - correct answer✔✔ right upper Another name for the iliac region of the abdomen is?? - correct answer✔✔ Inguinal The linea alba is found __? - correct answer✔✔ runs down the midline The lon vertical, strip like muscle of the abdominal wallis the __? - correct answer✔✔ rectus abdominis Another name for the alimentary canal is the __ tract? - correct answer✔✔ Digestive The inner layer of the digestive tract wall is called the ?? - correct answer✔✔ mucosa Parasympathetic innervation to the stomach is provided by the __ nerve? - correct answer✔✔ Vagus The three portions of the small intestine are the ? - correct answer✔✔ duodenum, jejunum, ileum The appendix is attached to the ? - correct answer✔✔ cecum What is the function of the omenta? - correct answer✔✔ limits peritoneal infection What gland has both exocrine and endocrine functions? - correct answer✔✔ pancreas What is the largest parenchymal organ in the abdominal cavity? - correct answer✔✔ liver The outer layer of the digestive tract wall is called the __? - correct answer✔✔ serosa What is the following is a function of the colon? - correct answer✔✔ production of vitamin K The beta cells of the islets of Langerhans are responsible for the production of ? - correct answer✔✔ insulin What organ is the single largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body? - correct answer✔✔ spleen Bile is produced by the__? - correct answer✔✔ liver What is the function of the liver? - correct answer✔✔ produce bile The biliary tract terminates at the __? - correct answer✔✔ Sphincter of Oddi A kocher-type of incision is__? - correct answer✔✔ transverse In what position is the patient placed when a McBurney's incision will be used? - correct answer✔✔ supine A diaphragmatic hernia is located within Hesselbach's trinagle? - correct answer✔✔ direct Nissen fundoplication is the procedure performed to correct ? - correct answer✔✔ hiatal hernia Gastrostomy is the __? - correct answer✔✔ surgical creation of an opening from gastric mucosa to the skin Gastroscopy is accomplished by inserting the gastroscope through the __? - correct answer✔✔ Mouth The use of a Penrose drain is often employed during inguinal herniorrhaphy? - correct answer✔✔ trap spermatic cord The term dysphagia means difficulty? - correct answer✔✔ swallowing Maloney dialators are used to dilate the __? - correct answer✔✔ esophagus A purse-string suture is used_? - correct answer✔✔ tighten or close an opening What incisional approach is most common for appendectomy? - correct answer✔✔ McBurneys An end ileostomy is created from the __? - correct answer✔✔ terminal portion of the ileum The term chyme refers to __? - correct answer✔✔ semifluid mass of partially digested food Removal of the gallbladder is called? - correct answer✔✔ cholecystectomy The condition of gallstones is called? - correct answer✔✔ cholelithias What is the function of a T-tube? - correct answer✔✔ tube used to drain, bile What portion is used to displace the abdominal contents to enhance the surgeon's view of the lower abdominal region? - correct answer✔✔ Trendelelenburg Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy involves the removal of the __? - correct answer✔✔ head of the pancreas, distal 1/3rd of the stomach, all of the duodenum, proximal 10 cm of the jejunum, the gallbladder, they cystic and common bile ducts, and lymph nodes Modified radical mastectomy involves removal of ___? - correct answer✔✔ the breast, pectoralis muscles are preserved What outer portion of the kidney contains glomeruli? - correct answer✔✔ cortex What structure unite to form the renal pelvis? - correct answer✔✔ Major caylces What artery provides the blood supply to the kidney? - correct answer✔✔ renal artery What muscle is responsible for emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice? - correct answer✔✔ Detrusor muscle What important clinical landmark is marked by ureteral and urethral orifices? - correct answer✔✔ trigone What artery provides blood supply to the bladder? - correct answer✔✔ vesical arteries The portion of the skin covering the distal base of the penis that forms a free fold is the? - correct answer✔✔ prepuce or foreskin The proximal portion of the male urethra is the __? - correct answer✔✔ prostatic section What portion of the male reproductive system can be found passing through the spermatic cord and eventually conducting semen into the prostatic urethra? - correct answer✔✔ ductus deferens What rare condition is indicated by an overproduction of cortisol by the cortex of the adrenal gland? - correct answer✔✔ Cushing's disease What congenital condition is marked by the absence of the anterior wall of the urethra? - correct answer✔✔ epispadias What blood test can indicate the possibility of prostatic cancer? - correct answer✔✔ PSA--prostate specific antigen What diagnostic tool involves the use of intravenous dye and radiological films to view the urological system? - correct answer✔✔ IVU What extraperitoneal incisional option can be used to access the lower portion of the ureter? - correct answer✔✔ Gibson incision What surgical procedure involves diverting urine flow through an isolated loop of bowel? - correct answer✔✔ Ileal conduit What suture would be appropriate for closure of a ureterotomy? - correct answer✔✔ 6-0 absorbable Mild stress incontinence in women can be reduced by an? - correct answer✔✔ anterior colporrhapy The procedure involving the removal of only the testis and the epidymis? - correct answer✔✔ simple orchiectomy What surgical instrument is used to remove tissue fragments from within the bladder during a transurethral resection of the prostate, TURP? - correct answer✔✔ Ellik evacuator or Toomey syringe Which prostatectomy procedure involves an incision into the bladder to remove the prostate en bloc? - correct answer✔✔ Suprapubic prostatectomy The right kidney is located slightly lower than the left, due to the? - correct answer✔✔ liver What is the acceptable fluid when doing a TURP? - correct answer✔✔ glycine and sorbitol The term working element refers to the? - correct answer✔✔ resectoscope What is the medical term for kidney stones? - correct answer✔✔ nephrolithiasis What do the medulla of the adrenal glands secrete? - correct answer✔✔ epinephrine and norepinephrine The kidneys are bound by the __ muscles on the medial side? - correct answer✔✔ psoas The vascular supply for the ureters in the pelvic section come form the? - correct answer✔✔ vesicle arteries The male urethra is approximately __ in length? - correct answer✔✔ 20 cm The tunica albuginea__? - correct answer✔✔ covers the testes Pheochromocytoma is a tumor affecting the__? - correct answer✔✔ medulla of adrenal gland Addison's disease affects the ? - correct answer✔✔ adrenal glands In which type of dialysis is the dialysate drained by gravity? - correct answer✔✔ peritoneal dialysis, CAPD, CCPD Phimosis is a condition affecting the __? - correct answer✔✔ prepuce or foreskin, prevents it from retracting The condition of undescended testes is? - correct answer✔✔ cryptochidism The aggressive type of testicular cancer malignancy usually strikes males between the ages of? - correct answer✔✔ 20-40 A white blood cell count over __ usually indicates infection? - correct answer✔✔ >10,000mm^3 Metaiodobenzylguanidine MIBG is a nuclear medicine study that is specifically designed to? - correct answer✔✔ detect and locate pheochormocytoma