Improving Public Health in the 21st Century, Exams of Nursing

Download Improving Public Health in the 21st Century and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 / 38 Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 1.How is validity measured?: sensitivity and specificity 2.Validity: The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure 3. reliability: the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting 4.Specificity: The ability of the test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease. 5.sensitivity: The ability of a test to identify correctly those who have the disease. 6.measures of morbidity: incidence and prevalence 7.measures of frequency: incidence, prevalence and mortality 8.What do measures of frequency do?: used to characterize the occurrence of health events in a population 9.Prevelance: The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condi- tion present in a population at a given time. 10.incidence: The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time. 11.epidemic: the occurrence of more cases of disease injury or other health conditions than expected in a given area, or among a specific group of 2 / 38 Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 persons during a particular period. Usually the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to 1 another in some way 12.endemic: the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population 13.One of the primary focuses of improving the health of the American people in the twenty-first century is to address: a. Bioterrorism and global health threats b. Delivery of individual care and hygiene c. The need for increased hospital and acute care d. Chronic disease and disability management: A 14. The threat of bioterrorism has the potential to: a. Dissolve community-based programs. b. Cause the health care system to collapse. c. Divert funds from other public safety health care programs. d. Increase the need for shelters.: C 15. Population-based preventive programs launched in the 1970s are responsible for increased: a. Use of tobacco b. Use of automobile safety restraints 5 / 38 Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 19. The number and proportion of persons aged 25 or older with less than a high school education is an example of: a. Sociodemographic characteristics b. Health status c. Health risk factors d. Health care resource consumption: A 20. The purpose of public health core functions is to: a. Clarify the role of the government in fulfilling the mission of public health. b. Ensure the safety of populations in receiving quality health care. c. Provide community-based individualized care to every person in the United States. d. Unite public and private providers of care in a comprehensive approach to providing health care.: A 21.Which of the following statements about public health is accurate? a. Prevention of early deaths can be more effectively accomplished by medical treatment than by public health approaches. b. Expenditures and resources for public health have increased in recent years. 6 / 38 Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 c. Historically, gains in the health of populations have been related largely to changes in safety, sanitation, and personal behavior. d. Reform of the medical insurance system is the single change needed to improve the health of Americans.: C 22.Collecting data and monitoring the health status of the population defines which of the core public health functions? a. Assessment b. Prevention c. Assurance d. Policy development: A 23. The nurse who compares the rate of teenage pregnancy in various areas of the city is practicing the public health core function of: a. Assurance b. Assessment c. Prevention d. Policy development: B 24. Public health nurses who develop and implement local public health policies through partnerships with agencies, organizations,and con- sumers within the community are using which core public 7 / 38 Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 health function? a. Assessment b. Prevention c. Assurance d. Policy development: D 25. Providing for the availability of essential personal health services for people who would otherwise not receive health care defines which public health core function? a. Assessment b. Prevention c. Assurance d. Policy development: C 26. The nurse manager who makes sure that the staff members who work in a local clinic are competent is demonstrating the public health core function of: a. Assurance b. Assessment c. Prevention d. Policy development: A 10 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 d. Run for political office as experts in public health policy: B 11 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 33.A public health nurse provides a clinic for HIV-positive citizens in the community. This is an example of: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Policy making: C 34.An example of a community health nursing practice is: a. Administrating a flu shot to a client in a physicians office b. Conducting a flu shot clinic at a community center c. Performing a client assessment in a hospital d. Providing supervision of staff in a rehabilitation center: A 35.Which statement about community health nursing practice is correct? a. It focuses on the delivery of personal health services to individuals and families. b. It provides care to protect the health of the community as a whole. c. It emphasizes the setting where care is provided for clients and families. d. It requires a baccalaureate preparation for practice.: A 12 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 36. The term community-based nursing care is applied when implementing which nursing intervention? a. Assessing the health needs of a defined community b. Providing care to families in a community c. Promoting the health of an entire community d. Investigating environmental health problems in a community: B 37. The nurse who conducts vision screenings on children in the school setting is practicing nursing practice. a. Community-oriented b. Public health c. Community health d. Community-based: D 38.Which is an example of an aggregate or population? a. Students in a county school system b. Christians around the world c. A patient in the intensive care unit at the local hospital d. People who play cards together once a week at private homes: A 39. The nurse investigating environmental health problems caused by 15 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 administration of immunizations. c. Attention is given to the population or community as a whole, regardless of whether they do or do not access the health care system. d. Only populations outside institutional settings are considered.: C 43.A public health staff nurse who has a clear understanding of population-focused practice: a. Is frustrated providing care to individuals b. Would rather perform population-focused interventions c. Is able to improve the effectiveness of care provided d. Is considered a public health nurse specialist: C 44.A key opportunity for public health nurses to improve populationfocused care is by: a. Assuming traditional nursing roles b. Influencing public health policy c. Conducting community assessments d. Specializing in community-based nursing practice: B 45. Proposed changes to the health care delivery system in the United States will: a. Provide new opportunities for public health specialists. 16 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 b. Result in isolated care being provided to individuals. c. Emphasize specialty care. d. Increase the utilization of acute care services.: A 46. Implementing quality performance standards in public health is important because: a. They are used to guide improvement in the public health system. b. They rigidly control public health. c. Administrators will not monitor public health at the local level, but instead at the national level. d. They can be used as hiring guidelines for nurses.: A 47. To better address emerging public health issues, a public health nurse enrolls in a course addressing which content area? a. Leadership b. Ethics c. Communication d. Finance: B 48. 1. Which of the following are considered barriers to public health nursing? Select all that apply. a. The mindset that the only role for the nurse is at the bedside. 17 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 b. The structures within which nurses work and the process of role socialization within those structures. c. Few nurses receive graduate-level preparation in the concepts and strategies of the disciplines basic to public health. d. The number of job opportunities in the area has been steadily declining.: A, B, C 49. 1. Which of the following would be the best way to determine the health of a community? a. Ask a firefighter which neighborhoods have the fewest fires. b. Ask a realtor which neighborhoods have the most expensive houses. c. Ask people living in the neighborhood if they are happy with where they live. d. Ask the police department which neighborhoods have the lowest crime rates.: C 50.Which of the following characteristics would be most indicative of a healthy community? a. Excellent private schools and superb fire and police systems b. A United Way that receives large donations each year 20 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 b. The area in which some problems are approached on a wider 21 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 regional basis c. The fact that communities have to solve their own problems d. The reality that some problems have to be approached on a federal basis: B 57.When a community is assessed from a developmental framework, which data must be determined? a. The demographics (such as age) of the persons living in the community b. The emotional maturity of the communitys residents c. The history of the community d. The number and quality of daycare centers and schools: C 58.Which of the following would be the focus of a nurse who is using an epidemiologic framework to assess a community? a. Interviewing health care professionals concerning the community b. Researching findings from epidemiologic studies c. Learning about the health of the communitys population d. Discovering: D 59.Which of the following situations is a reason why a community/ public health nurse would choose to focus on a particular subgroup instead of on 22 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 the entire community? a. The subgroup can more easily afford health care services. b. The subgroup has more political power and can influence health funding. c. The subgroup has notably higher statistical risk for experiencing health problems. d. The subgroup knows how to obtain publicity if their needs are not met.: C 60.When assessing a community by using the structural-functional framework, the nurse recognizes that all communities must a. Address financial needs of residents. b. Engage in functions that can be measured. c. Provide for socialization and a sense of identity. d. Require that public safety structures be built.: C 61.A nurse is completing a community assessment by using a systems framework. Which of the following is the key to the success of the assessment? a. Demanding a reasonable budget for assessment expenses b. Telling everyone what he or she is doing so that the listener may have input 25 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 c. Ethnicity determines how health is defined and protected. d. Income determines what community services can be financed.: C 67.Which of the following is an example of the relationship between demographic factors and health needs? a. Persons with high incomes typically have nutritional problems resulting from diet choices. b. Low educational level is associated with more health promotion behaviors. c. Religion may suggest beliefs concerning use of contraception, health care, and food choices. d. Being the majority population group, young adult men help determine which service agencies are most needed.: C 68.What might be the implications of knowing where members of the community are employed (i.e., their occupations)? a. How or whether community members worship b. How and when the community members prefer to engage in recreation c. The diseases or injuries for which they may be at risk d. Where residents do their grocery shopping and what they typically buy: C 69.When a nurse assesses a community, which of the following 26 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 components is essential to determine first? a. Areas of strength b. Areas of need c. Balance of inputs to outputs d. Openness to intervention: A 70.A community/public health nurse is planning to implement a new community-based education program. Why is it crucial for the nurse to understand the organizational structure of a community, as well as its leadership? a. The nurse may have to convince the informal leaders of the need for the program before it can be successful. b. The nurse may need to ask the formal leaders to provide leadership for the programs. c. The nurse will want to know political priorities before deciding on any actions to be taken. d. The nurse will want the approval of the elected governing body before making decisions about health programming.: A 27 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 71.Which group of persons is least likely to be considered a vulnerable group at high risk for medical problems? a. Homeless women and children b. Intravenous drug users c. Pregnant single teenage girls d. Single adolescent boys: D 72.A community/public health nurse determines there are 200 persons in a particular community who are older than age 65, another 300 younger than 21, and about 1500 persons aged 21 to 65. What is that communitys dependency ratio? a. 1:3 b. 1:8.5 c. 1:9 d. Cannot be determined from the given data: A 73.Which of the following is a very practical and feasible way of obtaining comprehensive community health data? a. Completing a comprehensive survey with community residents b. Performing a windshield survey c. Requesting community residents respond to an Internet survey d. Using data already collected and available on the Internet: D 30 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 d. Determinants: D 79. To understand the causes of health and disease, epidemiology studies: a. Individuals b. Families c. Groups d. Populations: D 80.When a nurse examines birth and death certificates during an epidemiologic investigation, what data category is being used? a. Routinely collected data b. Data collected for other purposes but useful for epidemiologic research c. Original data collected for specific epidemiologic studies d. Surveillance data: A 81.An epidemiologist wanting to know what caused severe diarrhea and vomiting in several people at a local banquet would be using: a. Descriptive epidemiology b. Analytic epidemiology c. Distribution 31 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 d. Determinants: B 32 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 82.Which is an example of an epidemic? a. Bird flu in China b. Adult obesity in the United States c. An isolated case of smallpox in Africa d. The nursing shortage in the United States: B 83. John Snow is called the father of epidemiology because of his work with: a. Cholera b. Malaria c. Polio d. Germ theory: A 84. The interaction between an agent, a host, and the environment is called: a. Natural history of disease b. Risk c. Web of causality d. The epidemiologic triangle: D 85. Public health professionals refer to three levels of prevention as tied to specific stages in the: 35 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 c. Tertiary prevention d. Health promotion: A 89. Screening for hearing defects is an example of: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Health promotion: B 90. Vocational rehabilitation of a person with a neuromuscular disease is an example of: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Health promotion: C 91.An example of primary prevention is: a. Pap smear b. Blood pressure screening c. Diet and exercise d. Physical therapy: C 92.An example of secondary prevention is: 36 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 a. Rehabilitation b. Avoidance of high-risk behaviors c. Immunization d. Mammogram: D 93.An example of tertiary prevention is: a. Rehabilitative job training b. Parenting education c. Testicular self-examination d. Family counseling: A 94. The probability an event will occur within a specified period of time is called: a. Rate b. Risk c. Epidemiology d. Epidemic: B 95.Which statement is true about mortality rates? Mortality rates: a. Are informative only for fatal diseases b. Provide information about existing disease in the population c. Are calculated using a population estimate at year-end 37 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 d. Reveal the risk of getting a particular disease: A 40 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 interest and who are followed over a period of time to observe some health outcome is a(n): a. Case control study b. Cross-sectional study c. Cohort study d. Experimental study: C 103. Voters have recently decided to have fluoride added to the city water system. Epidemiologists wanting to study the effect of fluoride on dental caries would be conducting a(n): a. Ecological study b. Double-blind study c. Community trial d. Screening: C 104. The proportion of persons with positive test results who actually have a disease, interpreted as the probability that an individual with a positive test result has the disease, is the: a. Sensitivity b. Specificity c. Positive predictive value 41 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 d. Negative predictive value: C 105. A nurse is told that a screening test has high specificity. This means that the test: a. Provides precise and consistent readings b. Accurately identifies those with the condition or trait c. Accurately identifies those without the trait d. Has a high level of false positives: C 106. In which situation does the nurse need to be aware of the potential for selection bias? a. Determining the population to be studied b. Considering how the participants will enter the study c. Studying cause and effect relationships d. Documenting results of the study: B 107. As a result of an outbreak of influenza in a community, a nurse encourages members of the community to receive the influenza vaccine. Which level of prevention is being used? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention 42 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 d. Multifactorial prevention: A 45 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 of the following would be the best response by the nurse? a. Additional programming will be helpful and appropriate in either neighborhood. b. The nurse needs to know the total number of children in these neighborhoods before making a decision. c. The nurse should choose to focus on single mothers in Centerville. d. The nurse should choose to focus on single mothers in Two Oaks.: D 114. Assuming that City A has a murder rate of 12 per 100,000 population and City B has a murder rate of 24 per 100,000 population, which city has the more worrisome problem? a. The answer cannot be determined from these data. b. City A has the more worrisome problem. c. City B has the more worrisome problem. d. Both cities have equally worrisome problems.: C 115. A nurse was given the following data about the children attending school in two area communities: * Centerville Elementary, 25 Asthmatics, 1000 students, 15,000 in the commu- nity * Centertown Suburban Elementary, 25 Asthmatics, 1000 students, 15,000 In the 46 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 community * Centerville Junior High, 35 Asthmatics, 1500 students, 15,000 in the commu- nity * Two Oaks Elm., 5 asthmatics, 200 students, 5,000 in the community * Two Oaks Junior High, 10 Asthmatics, 300 Students, 5,000 in the community Totals: 100, 4000, 55 000 What is the rate of asthma in the school-age population? a. 5:1000 b. 25:1000 c. 100:20,000 d. 400:2000: B 116. A community/public health nurse needs to conduct a descriptive study of the health needs of elderly persons attending a congregate meal at the local community center. Therefore, the nurse would a. Divide the elderly population into two groups (healthy and unhealthy), teach courses on healthy lifestyles, and then measure any changes. b. Use two randomly chosen groups, teach healthy lifestyles to 47 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 all participants, and then determine learning through a posttest. c. Divide the elderly population into two randomly chosen groups, teach healthy lifestyles to one group, and then determine differences in knowledge between the two groups. d. Screen each elderly person and look for patterns in the findings related to health problems that necessitate attention.: D 117. A nurse was assigned to work with technology-dependent schoolchildren. What kind of study would the nurse most likely conduct to help determine the needs of these children? a. A case-control study to compare these children with children who are not technology-dependent b. A cross-sectional study of school-based variables affecting the children c. A descriptive study regarding prevalence of technology dependence among the total school population d. An analytic study to determine causes of the childrens problems: B 118. A school nurse was concerned about the prevalence of obesity in the elementary school classes. On the basis of the literature, the nurse decided to ask each student whether he or she ate breakfast before coming to school in 50 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 absorption, and media pressures to smoke d. The risks of nicotine, the cost of smoking, and the taxes on cigarettes: C 122. Which is the best reason why children to choose to smoke? a. Movies that show heroes and heroines always smoking b. Multiple factors, including media and peer pressure c. The addictive effects of nicotine d. The tobacco companies, which advertise heavily: B 123. Which of the following facts would be most helpful to the nurse who is creating a campaign to prevent teenagers from using alcohol? a. The number of advertisements for alcohol that are currently being published in national magazines and newspapers b. The number of lead characters in national TV series who consume alcohol on camera c. The number of local physicians who stress avoiding alcohol use while examining their teenage clients d. The prevalence of alcohol use among students in the nurses school: D 51 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 124. When the school nurse discovered three sixth-graders smoking behind a delivery truck in the school parking lot, the nurse could accurately conclude that the three smokers were lung disease. a. At risk for b. In the early lesional stage of c. In the latency period of d. In the pathogenesis stage of: A 125. The community/public health nurse is performing tuberculosis screening for newly hired employees at the local hospital. Which of the following best describes this nursing intervention? a. Not required by law and unnecessary b. Primary prevention c. Secondary prevention d. Tertiary prevention: C 126. The community/public health nurse invites a dietitian to a healthy lifestyles program to discuss fun ways to eat vegetables and fruits as snacks. Which of the following best describes this nursing intervention? a. Disability limitation 52 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 b. Primary prevention c. Secondary prevention d. Tertiary prevention: B 127. The community/public health nurse leads a support group for clients and their families who have been affected by cancer. Which of the following best describes this nursing intervention? a. Specific protection b. Primary prevention c. Secondary prevention d. Tertiary prevention: D 128. Why is the data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) not absolutely accurate? a. A great deal of data is lost en route from physician to NNDSS. b. Computer operators do not always enter data accurately. c. Not all cases of such diseases are managed or are reported. d. Not all physicians know or obey the law to report cases to the NNDSS.: C 55 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 a. Evidence-based practice 56 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 b. Action research c. Systematic review d. Best practices: C 136. Which type of research is defined as the gold standard of evidence in evidence-based practice? a. Clinical expertise b. Randomized controlled trials c. Case studies d. Systematic review: B 137. A nurse is grading the strength of evidence when critiquing a research study. Which domains will the nurse need to consider? a. Randomness, sample size, and blinding b. Selection, variables, and description c. Nursing, medicine, and physiology d. Quality, quantity, and consistency: D 138. It would be important for a nurse researcher to use blinding when: a. The sample size is small b. The outcomes must be accurately measured c. Using a control group 57 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 d. Studying the attrition rate: C 139. What information will a nurse find when reading a systematic review? a. Results of randomized controlled trials b. A description of the methods used to search for evidence c. Data compiled on a particular question d. An in-depth review of the literature completed by one person: B 140. A nurse working in a community setting should apply evidencebased practice methods that are described by: a. Randomized clinical trials b. Qualitative studies c. Quantitative studies d. Multiple research methods: D 141. A public health nurse would like to incorporate evidence-based practice into the clinical practice at the health department. According to Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt et al., the first step in this process is: a. Integrating the evidence with clinical expertise b. Cultivating a spirit of inquiry c. Asking clinical questions 60 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 c. Unwillingness of organizations to fund research d. Inability to understand the evidence: A, B, C, D 145. When describing the impact of technology in health care, which of the following would be the major driving force? a. Cost-savings benefit b. Improved quality of patient care c. Enrichment of a nurses work life d. Global growth: B 146. Which of the following statements best reflects robotics in contemporary health care? a. Usually able to perform surgery without assistance from surgeons b. Can replace the caring part of nursing practice c. Frequently provide care that should be completed only by licensed practitioners d. Typically serve as an adjunct to professional health care staff: D 147. When describing biometrics to a group of students, which of the following would the instructor include? 61 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 a. Information chips implanted in patients are the most common type of biometrics in health care. b. Biometrics likely will become less commonplace in the near future due to the inability of health care providers to afford the high implementation costs. c. Biometrics reduces the confidentiality of patient information because it is often transmitted electronically. d. One type of biometrics currently beginning to make inroads into health care is facial geometry.: D 148. 4 In point-of-care (POC) testing, which of the following is true? a. Caregivers can gather and test specimens near the patient or at the bedside and then download results via the Internet to a central clinical lab. b. Manual documentation of test results occurs in a patients chart and then is transmitted electronically to the nurse caring for that patient. c. Consumers perform the test under the direct supervision of licensed health care workers. 62 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 d. This type of testing currently represents the majority of most clinical laboratories total testing volume.: A 149. A nurse manager is preparing an in-service program for the unit nursing staff about using a bar coding system. Which of the following would the nurse need to integrate into the discussion? a. Although it is beneficial to patient care, it is the most expensive method of electronic patient labeling. b. The nurse matches his or her nametag, the bar code on the patients identification band, and the medication to be given. c. Few hospitals have implemented the system, 65 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 cost c. Allows workers to access qualityimprovement information d. Is easy to integrate in contemporary health care organizations: A 153. Which of the following best reflects telehealth? a. Only a small percentage of home care in the United States is suitable for telehealth of some form. b. Telehealth has resulted in decreased flexibility and, more often, less personalized care for patients. c. Telehealth may provide greater opportunities for nursepatient encounters, particularly for homebound, isolated individuals. d. The practice of telephone nursing involves use of multiple standardized tools to assess outcomes.: C 154. While preparing a presentation for a local community group about the impact of technology on health care, a nurse is planning to describe expert patients. Which of the following would the nurse 66 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 integrate into the discussion? a. The term refers to patients who have the confidence, skills, information, and knowledge to play a central role in the management of their own health care. b. They are typically relegated to a somewhat passive and dependent role in their health care decision making. c. It refers to patients who think they are well informed about health care matters but are not. d. This patient needs less guidance from his or her health care provider due to access to expert opinions and information from the Internet.: A 155. After teaching an in-service to a group of staff nurses about point-of-care bar coding, the presenter determines that the group has understood the material when they state which of 67 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 the following? a. Bar codes can become unreadable if they become smudged and wet. b. The risk of encountering wireless dead spots is virtually eliminated. c. The bar-coding safeguards are extremely difficult to circumvent. d. The nurse becomes the first line of defense in preventing errors with this system.: A 156. A health care provider using CPOE enters an order for a test and receives a message that this test is contraindicated for the particular patient. This is an example of which of the following? a. Personal digital assistant b. Wireless local area networking c. Bluetooth technology d. Clinical decision support: D 157. Which of the following is considered to be the most significant variable impacting the adoption of the electronic health record? 70 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 b. Robots that perform minor medical procedures c. Use of physical characteristics for identification d. Credit card-sized devices with a chip containing a persons clinical history: A 162. After describing the field of biometrics to a group of students, the instructor determines the need for additional teaching when the group identifies which of the following as an example? a. Fingerprints b. Retinal scans c. Voice recognition d. Passwords: D 163. Which of the following would be a characteristic of a mental service robot used as a direct care provider? a. Ability to assist with patient hygiene b. Ability to change behavior based on how it is treated 71 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 c. Ability to help elderly patients move around d. Ability to provide care in remote areas: B 164. After teaching a group of students about electronic and wireless communication, the instructor determines a need for additional teaching when the students identify which of the following as an example? a. PDA b. WLAN c. Bluetooth d. Clinical decision support: D 165. A community/public health nurse is planning the evaluation of a community education program about smoking cessation. Why is it important to complete this evaluation? a. It facilitates additional decision making. b. It clarifies the actual care involved in the service. c. It is required by accrediting agencies. d. It demonstrates that outcomes of the program were met.: A 166. Which of the following is a necessary assumption for evaluation to occur? 72 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 a. Accrediting agencies focus on careful documentation. b. Actions have both intended and unintended results. c. Nursing care is dependent on the reimbursement available. d. People expect professionals to document their care.: B 167. What is the purpose of outcome attainment? a. Answering the question Were goals achieved? b. Clarifying whether agency funds were appropriately expended c. Determining quantity of care given d. Measurement of community living outcomes: A 168. A nurse is determining the quality of care that is provided. Which of the following factors would the nurse examine? a. Adequacy and appropriateness b. Agency mission statements c. Costbenefit ratios d. Personal feelings about the care: A 169. How does summative evaluation help the community/public health nurse? a. Analyzing the data and recognizing gaps b. Determining long-term effect on health 75 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 b. Number of people who attended the educational program c. Number of requests for information received after the program d. Satisfaction level of those who attended the program: A 176. A nurse in a particular community decided that the priority was to decrease the number of teenagers who smoke. Which of the following should the nurse measure first? a. Percentage who currently smoke b. Attitudes toward smoking c. Prior experience with smoking cessation d. Knowledge about the dangers of smoking: A 177. One of the responsibilities of the community/public health nurse was to teach parenting classes to teenage mothers at high risk for committing child abuse. Which of the following would be an effective approach to helping mothers deal with their infants behavior without resorting to physical discipline? a. Asking the mothers to listen carefully to the nurses suggestions b. Asking the mothers to develop a contract to use the techniques discussed c. Asking the mothers to come to a consensus about how to deal with specific problems 76 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 d. Asking the mothers to self-report abuse of their infants: B 178. A community/public health nurse was told to focus on teenage smoking. Which of the following actions should be the priority of the nurse? a. Ensuring that smoking is not allowed on school property b. Establishing community-wide programs on the dangers of smoking c. Lobbying to pass laws against teenagers purchase of cigarettes d. Establishing programs to help adults, especially parents, give up smoking: B 179. The nurse wanted to determine the communitys level of selfesteem and well-being. Which of the following would be the most effective way to systematically and accurately determine the satisfaction level? a. Asking every community member, What is your level of selfesteem? b. Asking the employing agencys director, who lives in the community, about satisfaction level c. Distributing self-esteem scales to a random sample of community members 77 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 d. Observing the clients currently using certain community-based services: C 180. Which of the following personal beliefs best demonstrates the meaning of self-efficacy? a. You are capable of continued growth and development. b. You are responsible for your own health and well-being. c. You can improve your own health and well-being by using imagery. d. You can influence your environment and circumstances.: D 181. The community/public health nurse wanted to most effectively and efficiently determine the health and well-being of the community. Which of the following is the easiest way to determine a communitys health? a. Ask the members of the media who report on the community b. Examine epidemiologic statistics of morbidity and mortality c. Review the discharge diagnoses of clients from the community hospital d. Visit the local grocery stores and exercise programs: B 182. The community/public health nurse was excited about creating a program for prenatal education and care for single teenage mothers. Before writing an application for a grant to fund the program, what should the nurse determine? a. Agencys policies about writing grants for such a program 80 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 services b. The financial base of the agency, evident in the agency budget c. The number of cooperative physicians, evident in the agency telephone referral list d. The number of nursing staff, evident in the staffing assignments: A 188. To validate change in a population, which of the following should a nurse determine? a. Whether a high proportion of a random sample report change in their health behaviors b. Whether a majority of the population confirm changes in their health behaviors c. Whether each person the nurse individually taught reports a change in health behaviors d. Whether each staff nurse reports that their assigned families demonstrated a change in health behaviors: A 189. A community/public health nurse wanted to use normativereferenced evaluation to determine the effectiveness of an environmental pollution program in the community. After examining the number of asthma-related admissions at the local childrens 81 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 hospital, which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Compare the admission levels attributable to asthma before and after the implementation. b. Compare the admission levels attributable to asthma with the admission levels attributable to accidents. c. Determine whether the admissions were attributable to asthma or other respiratory problems. d. Determine whether there were zero admissions because of the decreased incidence of asthma after the intervention.: A 190. Which of the following is an example of a criterion-referenced evaluation? a. Comparing the population with regard to the factor of interest before and after the intervention b. Comparing the population with another population with regard to the factor of interest c. Determining whether the objective is appropriate for the program d. Determining whether the objective was reached at the desired level: D 191. A community/public health nurse tried to keep the community informed of the progress of the new health programs at all the meetings that the nurse attended. Which of the following would be the reason for the 82 / Epidemiological Methods - mid term questions with correct answers 2024 nurses ongoing communication? a. To avoid community dissatisfaction when expectations are not met b. To be sure that no one blames the nurse when unexpected happenings occur c. To fulfill the responsibility of keeping the community informed d. To be politically and culturally sensitive to the needs of the community: A 192. Why is documentation of evaluation so crucial? a. It helps explain why nurses have limited time to provide direct client care. b. It helps keep administrators informed of what the staff is doing before staff evaluation time. c. It helps the nurse better understand the evaluation and the findings. d. It helps provide a baseline against which to study trends and make program decisions.: D 193. What needs to be done when evaluation data are analyzed? a. Interpreting and judging the data before making any