Medical Terminology and Concepts, Exams of Advanced Education

Download Medical Terminology and Concepts and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! CCHI Healthcare Interpreter Standards Of Practice Exam Study Guide Set With100% Complete Solution Accuracy - Correct Answer-Standard of practice which enables other parties to know precisely what each speaker has said. Managing flow of communication - Correct Answer-Asking speakers to pause, speed up, slow down, etc. are ways of ensuring accuracy by... Maintaining transparency - Correct Answer-Saying, "As the interpreter speaking, I did not understand what was just said, so I'm going to request clarification" shows that the interpreter is... Confidentiality - Correct Answer-Standard of practice which honors the private and personal nature of the health care interaction and maintain trust among all parties. Impartiality - Correct Answer-Standard of practice which eliminates the effect of interpreter bias or preference. Conflict of Interest - Correct Answer-An example of this would be interpreting for a close friend or family member. Interpreter would need to disclose this to staff. Respect - Correct Answer-Standard of practice which requires the interpreter to acknowledge the inherent dignity of all parties in the interpreted encounter. Promotion of patient autonomy - Correct Answer-Directing patients toward the appropriate resources if help requested is beyond our code of ethics/ability to give (i.e., directing them toward a taxi service if they request a ride home) Cultural awareness - Correct Answer-Standard of practice which requires the interpreter to facilitate communication across cultural differences. Role Boundaries - Correct Answer-Standard of practice which requires the interpreter to clarify the scope and limits of the interpreting role, in order to avoid conflicts of interest. The interpreter limits their interactions to those of an interpreter and would never give medical advice or ask/answer overly personal questions during conversation with the patient. Professionalism - Correct Answer-Standard of practice which upholds the public's trust in the interpreting profession. Skill limitations (with professionalism) - Correct Answer-For example, an interpreter who is unfamiliar with a highly technical medical term asks for an explanation before continuing to interpret. Professional development - Correct Answer-Standard of practice which aspires to attain the highest possible level of competence and service. Advocacy (S of P) - Correct Answer-Standard of practice which seeks to prevent harm to parties that the interpreter serves. Advocacy - Correct Answer-an action taken on behalf of an individual that goes beyond facilitating communication, with the intention of supporting good health outcomes. In general, it means that a third party (in this case, the interpreter) speaks for or pleads the cause of another party, thereby departing from an impartial role. Register - Correct Answer-A stylistic level of language used by a speaker. A speaker's choice of this is generally adapted to a particular topic, the parties spoken to, and the perceived formality of the situation. Allopathic medicine - Correct Answer-mainstream medical care in the US, use of drugs and surgery to combat disease Alternative/complimentary medicine - Correct Answer-health care practices that aren't considered part of mainstream medical treatment, may include acupuncture, herbal remedies, etc resident - Correct Answer-person who has recieved a medical degree and is practicing medicine, usually under supervision attending physician - Correct Answer-doctors who have finished their education and have the primary responsibility for patients fellow - Correct Answer-medical doctor who is pursuing additional training in a specialty field generalist - Correct Answer-MD or DO who specializes in internal medicine, family practice, or pediatrics, rather than specific disease or body sustem osteopath/Doc of osteopathy (DO) - Correct Answer-Evaluates and treats illnesses just as an MD would but with a "whole person" approach, including manipulative treatment of bones and muscles Physician Assistant - Correct Answer-May provide health care services under the supervision of a physician, such as history taking, physical examination, and diagnosis. Electrocardiogram (EKG) - Correct Answer-recording of electricity flowing through the heart. Small discs connected to a machine by wires are attached to the patient's chest Exercise tolerance test (ETT) - Correct Answer-patient walks or jogs on treadmill while technician measures blood pressure, pulse, and takes EKG. Determines how heart responds under stress and identifies areas of weakness Digestive System - Correct Answer-main function is digestion and absorption of food. Mouth, teeth, and gums begin the process epiglottis - Correct Answer-flap of skin controlled by the brain, opens and closes to prevent food from entering trachea by mistake small intestine - Correct Answer-adds digestive enzymes that aid in digestion of food. Composed of three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Here body absorbs nutrients duodenum - Correct Answer-part of the small intestine in which juices from liver and pancreas are added to help digest food. large intestine - Correct Answer-Here food is turned into feces and is prepared to be removed from the body. Includes: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, then enters rectum. Large intestine also referred to as the bowel gallbladder - Correct Answer-empties bile into small intestine to help break down fatty foods pancreas - Correct Answer-makes digestive juices for small intestine, as well as hormones that control many bodily functions. Part of both digestive system and endocrine system. appendix - Correct Answer-small tube-like organ attached to first part of large intestine. No known function. Blockage causes appendicitis, which untreated can lead to bursting and infection in abdomen, called peritonitis peritonitis - Correct Answer-infection in abdomen caused by burst appendix cirrhosis - Correct Answer-scarring of liver because of injury or long term disease. Cannot perform like healthy liver tissue, so can lead to easy bruising or bleeding, nosebleeds, swelling of abdomen or legs, enlarged veins in esophagus or stomach, kidney failure, jaundice, or gallstones Common causes are chronic alcoholism and hepatitis liver function - Correct Answer-make protein, help fight infections, clean blood, help digest food, and store energy diarrhea - Correct Answer-loose watery stool more than three times a day. Causes include bacteria, viruses, parasites, medicines, food intolerances and diseases that affect digestive system constipation - Correct Answer-person has three or fewer bowl movements per week. gallstones - Correct Answer-blockage in flow of bile through bile ducts in gall bladder. These form when substances in bile harden. Attacks usually happen after you eat. May include nausea, vomiting, or pain in abdomen, back, or just under right arm. heartburn/ acid reflux - Correct Answer-painful burning feeling in chest or throat. Happens when stomach acid backs up into esophagus. Gastroenteritis - Correct Answer-inflammation of lining of intestines caused buy a virus, bacteria, or parasites. second most common illness in us, commonly known as "stomach flu" though not a flu at all. Caused often by noroviris. Hemorrhoids - Correct Answer-swollen inflamed veins around anus or lower rectum. Inside of anus or under skin surrounding anus. Causes: straining to have bowel movement, pregnancy, aging, chronic constipation or diarrhea hepatitis - Correct Answer-inflammation of liver; common causes: virus hepatitis A, B, or C, drug or alcohol use, or body mistakenly attacking healthy cells in liver. IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) - Correct Answer-problem affecting large intestine. Causes abdominal cramping, bloating, and changes in bowel habits, diarrhea, or constipation. Does not harm intestines. Exact cause not known. Peptic ulcer - Correct Answer-sore in lining of stomach or duodenum. Most common symptom is burning stomach. Common cause is bacteria or non steroidal anti- inflammatory medicine like aspirin and ibuprofen. Gastroenterologist - Correct Answer-medical specialist that handles health of digestive system endoscopy - Correct Answer-thin fiberoptic tube with scope on the end, inserted into digestive tract upper endoscopy - Correct Answer-aka esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD, examination of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with scope colonoscopy - Correct Answer-scope used to examine entire colon (large intestine) sigmoidoscopy - Correct Answer-scope used to examine lower part of small intestine, including sigmoid colon upper GI series (Barium swallow) - Correct Answer-patient swallows a barium sulfate substance that acts like a dye. Next and x-ray method called fluoroscopy tracks how barium moves through esophagus, stomach, and small intestine Endocrine System - Correct Answer-(aka ductless gland system) makes hormones that are put into the blood stream and carried to all parts of the body hormones - Correct Answer-chemical messengers that help control how the body works by controlling bodily functions pituitary gland - Correct Answer-makes a number of hormones that control different endocrine glands and specific body functions. Also makes a hormones that controls how we grow, as well as one that controls how our kidneys work thyroid gland - Correct Answer-makes a hormone that controls how fast the metabolic processes work parathyroid gland - Correct Answer-makes a hormone that controls the level of calcium in the body adrenal gland - Correct Answer-produce hormones that act on heart rate and blood pressure. Also controls the amount of salt in the body, influences the development of sex organs, and controls other body functions pancreas - Correct Answer-makes two hormones: insulin and glucagon glucagon - Correct Answer-hormone that raises the level of glucose in the blood by causing the liver to release glucose back into the blood ovaries - Correct Answer-produce two female sex hormones: progesterone and estrogen. These control female physical changes during the menstrual cycle. testicles - Correct Answer-produce a male sex hormone called testosterone. This controls the development of male sex characteristics hormone inbalance - Correct Answer-common problems of the endocrine system (too much or too little of a hormone) Cushing's syndrome - Correct Answer-hormonal disorder caused by long-term exposure to cortisol, a hormone made by the adrenal gland. this can happen by taking synthetic hormones, or tumors that cause the body to produce too much cortisol. symptoms: upper body obesity, thin arms and legs, severe fatigue and muscle weakness, high blood pressure and blood sugar, easy bruising incisional hernia - Correct Answer-hernia through a scar hiatal hernia - Correct Answer-small opening in the diaphragm that allows the upper part of the stomach to move up into the chest congenital diaphragmatic hernia - Correct Answer-birth defect in which a small opening in the diaphragm that allows the upper part of the stomach to move up into the chest- requires surgery osteoporosis - Correct Answer-condition which makes bones weak and more likely to break. sprain - Correct Answer-stretched or torn ligament strain - Correct Answer-stretched or torn muscle or tendon orthopedist - Correct Answer-specializes in bones podiatrist - Correct Answer-specializes in the health of the feet rheumatologist - Correct Answer-specializes specifically in arthritis xray - Correct Answer-nonviable rays of energy produced by an energy produced by an energy source that can penetrate different materials and create a photographic image. For bones computed tomography scan (CT) - Correct Answer-type of x ray directed through a patient at many different angles. Detect problems in soft tissues magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Correct Answer-same as CT scan but without X- ray. Instead it uses magnetic and radio waves. Nervous system - Correct Answer-body system which regulates and controls all other body systems central nervous system - Correct Answer-made up of the brain and the spinal cord peripheral nervous system - Correct Answer-made up of all the nerves that connect the areas of the body with the brain Nerve cells - Correct Answer-many of these connect together to make up the nervous system. They are able to organize and conduct messages in the form of small electrical pulses. nerve impulses - Correct Answer-these small electrical impulses organize and conduct messages between nerve cells. motor nerves - Correct Answer-send messages from the brain and spinal cord to all other parts of the body sensory nerves - Correct Answer-pick up messages from the outside of the body and pass them to the brain lens muscles - Correct Answer-muscles in the eye which bend and change shape and contract which allows the lens to focus incoming light on the nerve endings at the back of the eye cornea - Correct Answer-transparent part of the eye that covers the lens muscle, iris, and pupil. It is curved in a way that changes the direction of incoming light rays so that it can be focused into an image that we can understand iris - Correct Answer-colored part of the eye. Controls the amount of light that is able to enter the ey. pupil - Correct Answer-center part of the iris which opens to let in more light or closes to let in less light. Protects the eye from bright light and allows us to see better in dim light aqueous humor - Correct Answer-fluid found between the cornea and lens vitreous humor - Correct Answer-type of fluid found between the lens and the retina retina - Correct Answer-located at the back of the eye. This is where light is focused onto the nerve fibers that connect to the optic nerve to send images to brain optic nerve - Correct Answer-nerve at the back of the eye which receives the image from the retinal nerve fibers and transmits the image to the brain middle ear - Correct Answer-small cavity between the ear drum and the inner ear Eustachian tube - Correct Answer-connects the inner ear to the back of the nose inner ear - Correct Answer-filled with fluid and contains auditory nerve endings for hearing and balance cochlea - Correct Answer-hearing organ of the ear. Turns the sound vibrations into signals that get sent through the auditory nerves Alzheimer's Disease - Correct Answer-most common form of dementia among older people. Involves the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language. Cataract - Correct Answer-clouding of the lens in the eye cerebral palsy - Correct Answer-group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and maintain balance. Areas of the brain that control movement and posture do not develop correctly or get damaged conjunctivitis - Correct Answer-medical name for pink eye. Inflammation of the outer layer of the eye and the swelling of the eyelid Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) (stroke) - Correct Answer-a stopping of blood flow to the brain. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die Ischemic stroke - Correct Answer-cause by blood clot that blocks or plugs a blood vessel in the brain hemorrhagic stroke - Correct Answer-caused by a blood vessel that breaks and bleeds into the brain transient ischemic attacks (TIA's) - Correct Answer-"mini-strokes", occur when blood supply to the brain is briefly interrupted. Dementia - Correct Answer-group of symptoms caused by disorders that affect the brain. Not a specific disease Epilepsy - Correct Answer-brain disorder that causes people to have recurring seizures. These seizures happen when clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain send out the wrong signals. Seizures - Correct Answer-sudden abnormal electrical activity in the brain Focal seizures - Correct Answer-"partial seizures", occur in just one part of the brain generalized seizures - Correct Answer-complete seizure that happens on both sides of the brain Glaucoma - Correct Answer-group of diseases that can damage the eye's optic nerve. Causes blindness. Fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises, damaging the optic nerve. tension headaches - Correct Answer-caused by tight muscles in shoulders, neck, scalp, and jaw. Related to stress, depression, and anxiety parkinson Disease - Correct Answer-type of movement disorder. Happens when nerve cells in the brain don't produce enough dopamine. Poliomyelitis - Correct Answer-infectious disease caused by a virus. The virus lives in an infected person's throat and intestines. Most often spread by contact with stool of an