NREMT ONLINE PRACTICE EXAM 2024 | 650 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED, Exams of Nursing

Download NREMT ONLINE PRACTICE EXAM 2024 | 650 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NREMT ONLINE PRACTICE EXAM 2024 | 650 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST VERSION (JUST RELEASED) Your patient is a 52 year old male complaining of dull, achy chest pain. He is alert and oriented but upon assessment you notice his skin is pale, cool and clammy. What should be next step? a. obtain a sample history b. apply an AED c. administer supplemental oxygen d. assist patient in taking his wife's nitroglycerine ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------- C. Administer supplemental oxygen If the umbilical cord presents first during delivery, you should: a. provide mom with o2 and transport immediately for the hospital to handle b. keep pressure off the umbilical cord by placing your gloved hand in the vagina and transport rapidly c. immediately clamp and cut the umbilical cord d. place a mask with high flow o2 at the vaginal opening ------CORRECT ANSWER------- ---------B. Keep pressure off the umbilical cord by placing your gloved hand in the vagina and transport rapidly What are some contraindications for activated charcoal? a. decreased LOC,ingestion of corrosives, ingestion of cyanide, mineral acids, caustic alkalis, organic solvents, iron, ethanol, methanol and airway that cannot be controlled b. hyperactivity, ingestion of non corrosives, appearance of drunkeness, a fall prior to EMS c. the smell of alcohol, pregnancy, obesity, under the age of 30, less than 100 pounds d. obstruction of the airway, an enlarged tongue, hives, a present gag reflex, and obesity ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Decreased LOC, ingestion of corrosives, ingestion of cyanide, mineral acids, caustic alkalis, organic solvents, iron, ethanol, methanol and airway that cannot be controlled A prolapsed cord is an emergency situation in which the umbilical cord is: a. the first or presenting part of the delivery b. wrapped arounds the newborn's neck c. collapsed and unable to deliver oxygen d. accidentally torn during delivery ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. The first or presenting part of the delivery At what rate would you ventilate an unresponsive adult patient? a. 40-60 breaths a minute b. 12-20 breaths a minute c. 60-100 breaths a minute d. 20-30 breaths a minute ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. 12-20 breaths a minute In most localities, an EMT cannot legally restrain a patient without orders from: a. medical direction b. dispatch c. the patient's doctor d. the patient's family ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Medical direction Your patient was choking on a piece of meat. He attempted to cough the meat out, then became silent and turned blue. You and your partner attempted the Heimlich maneuver without any success. The patient is not unresponsive. Which of the following would be an appropriate next action? a. attempt to remove the meat if you can see it with Magill forceps b.begin CPR c. place an oropharyngeal airway d. provide supplemental oxygen ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Attempt to remove the meat if you can see it with Magill forceps What is the correct dose and route for giving Activated Charcoal? a. injection 50 grams adults, 2g/kg pediatric pedi max 50 grams b. sublingually 25 grams adults, 1g/kg pediatric pedi max 30 grams c. orally 50 grams adults, 1g/kg pediatric pedi max 25 grams d. inhaled 25 grams adults, 2g/kg pediatric pedi max 45 grams ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Orally 50 grams adults, 1 g/kg pediatric max 25 grams You have a 30 minute transport time with a patient that is on high flow o2, your large tank reads 50 psi, you should: a. give patient less LPM o2 to make it last b. turn the o2 off and instruct patient to breathe slow and easy c. give patient the o2 he needs, but change tank ASAP d. place patient on 1 LPM o2 by NC to save to make it to destination ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Give patient the o2 he needs, but change tank ASAP During your assessment, you find a possible pelvic injury. You should: a. have patient walk slowly and carefully to ambulance and see if patient walks with a normal gait b. check for patient's ability to bear weight on legs testing one at a time c. place patient right lateral recumbent position with pillow between their legs d. place padding or pillow between legs, secure to LSB, and reassess every 5 minutes for possible blood loss ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. Place padding or pillow between legs, secure to LSB, and reassess every 5 minutes for possible blood loss An 18 month old child with feeding tube that is bleeding is not responding to normal stimuli. You should: a. pull feeding tube out and cover with occlusive dressing b. call child's doctor c. call medical control d. position child on his right side, place high flow o2, prepare to suction and transport --- ---CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. Position child on his right side, place high flow o2, prepare to suction and transport Diastolic pressure is a measure of the: a. force exerted against the walls of the blood vessels when the heart contracts b. force exerted against the walls of the blood vessels when the heart relaxes c. rhythm and strength of the heart's contractions during arterial circulation d. time it takes the capillary beds in the extremities to refill after being blanched ------ CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Force exerted against the walls of the blood vessels when the heart relaxes Of the following listed, which is NOT part of the thoracic cage: a. lungs b. sacrum c. sternum d. ribs ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. sacrum What is the proper way to measure a nasal pharyngeal airway? a. from the nares of the nose to the tip of the earlobe b. from the tip of the jaw to the back of the neck c. from the middle of the chin to the tip of the earlobe d. from the tip of the chin to the ear ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. from the nares of the nose to the tip of the earlobe You are dispatched to a scene of a psychiatric patient, you should first: a. call for ALS b. call for police c. call the patient's psychiatrist d. try to talk with the patient ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. call for police You are dispatched to an address that calls you on a regular weekly basis for an elderly woman who just wants to talk. On one occasion you do not respond to the call. You have just committed: a. abandonment b. negligence c. Breach of Duty d. malpractice ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Breach of Duty A patient fell into a cold pool of icy water and was submerged for 30 minutes and is in cardiac arrest. You should first: a. declare them dead b. perform CPR while considering the possibility of spine injury c. manage airway d. remove the patient from the pool ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. perform CPR while considering the possibility of spine injury You have a patient with a contusion behind one of his ears and you note there is clear fluid draining from the patient's ears. You suspect: a. past head injury b. mandible injury c. closed head injury d. broken neck ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Closed head injury Where does gas exchange take place? a. alveoli and bronchioles b. capillaries and trachea c. arteries and lungs d. capillaries and alveoli ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. capillaries and alveoli Patient was submerged in water for 30 minutes after hitting his head on the dock when diving and is in cardiac arrest. You should: a. provide CPR b. c-spine, CPR, and transport c. remove from the water d. perform CPR and transport ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. C-spine, CPR and transport On the way to an emergency call you should: a. gather all equipment needed b. check your equipment to ensure it is in working order c. put your seatbelt on d. anticipate the needs of the scene ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Put your seatbelt on You arrive at a scene of a 44 year old woman who was outside gardening and is now complaining of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Patient denies any past medical history and denies taking any meds. You note that her pulse rate is elevated and that she has raised red splotches on her skin. You suspect: a. COPD b. CHF c. allergic reaction d. heat exhaustion ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Allergic reaction Which of the following is NOT one of the primary general staff roles in the incident command system? a. Triage supervisor is in charge of counting and prioritizing patients b. treatment supervisor ensures secondary triage of patients is performed c. incident commander oversees medical care provided to each patient d. triage division ensures that all patients receive a secondary survey ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Incident commander oversees medical care provided to each patient What is the action of Activated Charcoal? a. flushes out the system b. liquifies the poison c. absorbs toxic substances d. separates the gastric juices ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Absorbs toxic substances How often would you re-evaluates a critical patient? a. every 10 minutes b. every 15 minutes c. every 5 minutes d. every 20 minutes ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Every 5 minutes Patient involved in a motorcycle accident still has their helmet on. You should: a. Place a rigid collar on the patient b. remove helmet carefully c. have firemen remove helmet d. leave helmet in place if there is no risk to airway ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- --D. Leave helmet in place if their is no risk to airway A man is hit in the face with a steel beam. There is a lot of bleeding from his nose and mouth. What would you do first? a. manual c-spine b. place patient on oxygen at 15 LPM via NRM c. suction d. transport ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Suction What is good BSI techniques? a. gloves, gown, mask, hand washing and eye protection b. gloves, gown, shoe covers, butadiene wash, and hair tie c. gown, mask, rubber gloves, hand washing cleanser in ambulance d. SCBA suit ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. gloves, gown, mask, hand washing and eye protection You have a patient with possible spine injuries. The patient cries out in pain as you move his head for in-line stabilization. What should you do? a. c-spine in position found with head rolls b. place rigid collar with head and spine in line c. tell patient to calm down that you are just doing your job d. instruct patient not to move his neck as you try to pop it back in place ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. C-spine in position found with head rolls When assisting a patient using their metered dose inhaler, you should: a. shake MDI vigorously b. have patient inhale deeply before using c. give 3 or 4 short blasts of MDI until patient feels better d. Have patient sit down and lean forward while you administer the MDI ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Shake MDI vigorously How should you NOT treat a patient with severe facial trauma? a. use a jaw thrust to open airway b. suction airway c. insert a nasal airway (NPA) d. apply oxygen by NRM at rate of 15 LPM ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Insert a nasal airway (NPA) You and your EMT-B partner are treating a patient for respiratory distress and your partner is ventilating at a rate of 8 breaths per minute. You tell your partner: a. he is ventilating properly b. to decrease ventilations c. to stop ventilations d. to increase ventilations ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. To increase ventilations When providing artificial ventilations through a bag valve mask, when do you stop squeezing the bag? a. when all of the air is out of the bag b. when patient is hooked up to a heart machine c. when you see the patient's chest rise d. when patient starts to cough ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. When you see the patient's chest rise What is the sound called when 2 broken bones rub together? a. crackles b. rales c. crepitus d. subcutaneous emphysema ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Crepitus After completing your primary assessment, your reassessment is called: a. secondary assessment b. general impression c. initial assessment d. find and fix assessment ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Secondary assessment You are caring for a 4 1/2 year old that mom tells you has been vomiting, has had diarrhea, has been asleep all day and is presently crying but producing no tears. You suspect: a. cariogenic shock/neurogenic shock b. pulmonary edema/dehydration c. hypovolemic shock/hypoperfusion d. septic shock/infection ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Hypovolemic shock/hypoperfusion A 12 year old child fell into cold, frigid water hitting her head becoming unconscious. In what order do you proceed? a. airway management, c-spine, and transport b. CPR and transport c. c-collar, oxygen, d-fib d. cover with moist sterile dressing ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. Cover with moist sterile dressing As you approach your patient you note that he has blood on his shirt from what appears to be multiple gunshot wounds. You should: a. call for ALS, place patient on high flow o2, place pressure to wounds, cover with occlusive dressings, and check patients back for exit wounds b. calm your patient and let them know everything will be okay and that ALS is on the way c. call medical control and ask them what they would like you to do first d. roll patient onto their belly to help slow the bleeding coming from his chest down ------ CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Call for ALS, place patient on high flow o2, place pressure to wounds, cover with occlusive dressings, and check patient's back for exit wounds Which of the following pulmonary terms correlates with an obstruction of the trachea or larynx? a. ronchi b. stridor c. wheezing d. crackles ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Stridor What is a list of protocols for an EMT? a. medical advice b. on-line medical direction c. EMT intuition d. off-line medical direction ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. Off-line medical direction What is a primary assessment used for? a. to find out patient's medical history b. to make sure there is no threat risk for EMS c. to find and fix any life threatening illness or injury d. to assess if patient is aware of his surroundings ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- --C. To find and fix any life threatening illness or injury Which of the following terms refer to Standing Orders for an EMT providing emergency care to an ill or injured patient? a. mandated orders b. treatment protocols c. scope of practice d. practice orders ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Treatment protocols Which of the following correctly identifies the routes by which poisons can enter the body? a. ingested, absorbed, injected, inhaled b. on clothing, in air, swallowing, sneezing c. in a pool, drinking water, bathing in a river, sticking hands in bleach d. swallowing, breathing, coughing, inhaling ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Ingested, absorbed, injected, inhaled Helmet removal should be attempted in which of the following cases? a. a football player suffered a lower back injury and is talking with EMS crew b. a motorcycle rider who is unconscious and wearing a full face shield helmet c. a motorcycle rider who is conscious and wearing a half/skull helmet d. a hockey player who went head first into the boards and is c/o dizziness ------ CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. A motorcycle rider who is unconscious and wearing a full face shield helmet In what order is patient assessment performed? a. the head to toe physical exam, rapid medical assessment, focused physical exam b. general assessment, primary assessment, rapid trauma or medical assessment, focused exam c. primary assessment, focused assessment, ongoing assessment, final assessment d. focused assessment, general assessment, primary assessment, trauma assessment ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. General assessment, primary assessment, rapid trauma or medical assessment, focused exam Your patient has a severe wound to his arm that is bleeding through the bandages you placed on it. You should: a. take bandages off and apply a tourniquet b. take bloody bandages off and apply clean ones c. do not take bandages off, but apply more d. call medical control and advise them your patient is bleeding badly ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Do not take bandages off, but apply more Which of the following is considered a minimum standard for a newborn's heart rate? a. 65 beats/min b. 70 beats/min c. 80 beats/min d. 100 beats/min ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. 100 beats/min What term describes a loss of circulatory fluids into interstitial spaces? a. hypovolemia b. hypobaric c. hypothermia d. hypothyroidism ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Hypovolemia What is the definition of shock? a. Inadequate perfusion to organs or body part/hypoperfusion syndrome b. inadequate amount of oxygen delivered to brain/hypoperfusion syndrome c. a massive loss of blood from a major blood vessel/hypoperfusion syndrome d. a traumatic injury that destroys body cells/hypoperfusion syndrome ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Inadequate perfusion to organs or body part/hypoperfusion syndrome The placenta usually delivers within __ minutes of the infant's birth. a. 10 to 15 b. 30 to 45 c. 15 to 30 d. 5 to 10 ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. 15 to 30 minutes What are the six steps of the initial assessment? a. airway, breathing, circulation, blood pressure, respirations, skin temperature b. genreal impression, level of consciousness, airway assessment, breathing assessment, circulation assessment, determine patient priority c. LOC, position of patient, assessment for dehydration, assessment of pupils, nasal flaring, skin temp When assisting a patient with their prescribed epi-pen auto injector, you should: a. have patient form a fist around the epi-pen with the black tip pointing down and inject into the lateral side of the thigh between the hip and knee and hold in place for 10 seconds b. have patient press the epi-pen against the inside of their thigh until they hear a click c. insert the epi-pen at a 45 degree angle to the area above the knee d. have patient grasp the epi-pen with the black tip pointing up and inject for 10 seconds ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Have patient form a fist around the epi-pen with the black tip pointing down and inject into the lateral side of the thigh between the hip and knee and hold in place for 10 seconds The oxygen flow rate for a nonrebreather mask is: a. 1-6 LPM b. 6-8 LPM c. 8-15 LPM d. 10-15 LPM ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. 10-15 LPM Which of the following describes a lack of oxygen? a. myoxia b. glycolysis c. oxygenation d. hypoxia ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. Hypoxia Croup, epiglottitis, allergic reaction and trauma to the face, head or neck are all conditions that can effect: a. integrity of the airway b. function of the respiratory muscles c. nervous control of the respiratory system d. function of the thorax ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Integrity of the airway Any changes in the patient observed during your ongoing assessment should be: a. documented b. relayed immediately to medical direction c. cause for immediate transport with lights d. documented and communicated to the receiving facility ------CORRECT ANSWER---- ------------D. Documented and communicated to the receiving facility Which patient would have the highest priority? a. a man experiencing widespread chest pain with systolic BP of 110 b. a pregnant woman who is crowning c. a woman diagnosed with CHF d. a responsive diabetic woman with a BP of 130/90 ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ ----B. A pregnant woman who is crowning You arrive on scene with your partner to a restaurant where a choking was reported. You enter and find an unconscious cyanotic male on the floor. He is supine with BBQ sauce on his mouth and a napkin in his hand. What would you do for this patient? a. ask bystanders what happened, verify no pulse, attach AED, tell everyone to stand back and his analyze b. head tilt, chin lift, verify apnea and begin compression. Upon completion of the compressions, give two slow breaths looking for chest rise and fall c. verify apnea, two slow breaths with high flow o2 and back thrusts d. abdominal thrusts, finger sweep, high flow o2 ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------- B. Head tilt, chin lift, verify apnea and begin compression. Upon completion of compressions, give two slow breaths looking for chest rise and fall Prevention of cardiac arrest in infants and small children should focus primarily on: a. keeping the child warm b. avoid upsetting the child c. providing immediate transport d. providing airway management ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. Providing airway management If you suspect a possible pelvic fracture or in jury, you should NOT: a. let patient walk to the stretcher and reassess every 5 min b. use a scoop stretcher and reassess every 5 min c. request ALS and reassess every 5 min d. pad LSB, request ALS, provide rapid transport, reassess every 5 min ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Let patient walk to the stretcher and reassess every 5 min A 45 year old male is experiencing chest discomfort, after placing him in a position of comfort your next action should be: a. ventilate with NRM at 15 LPM b. ventilate with BVM at 15 LPM c. administer high flow oxygen by NRM at 15 LPM d. administer high flow oxygen via blow by at 6 LPM ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ ----C. Administer high flow oxygen by NRM at 15 LPM The purpose of the ongoing assessment is to re-evaluate the patient's condition and to: a. find any injuries missed during the initial assessment b. reassure the patient you are still caring for him or her c. check the adequacy of each intervention performed d. protect the EMT against liability of malpractice ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------- A. Findy any injuries missed during the initial assessment A burn that is characterized by pain, blisters, and mottled skin is a: a. partial thickness burn (secondary) b. superficial burn c. full thickness burn d. subcutaneous burn ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Partial thickness burn (secondary) The top number of a blood pressure (systolic) is caused by: a. atrial kick b. contraction of the atrium c. filling of the ventricles d. contraction of the left ventricle ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. Contraction of the left ventricle What is the final step you should take when performing an initial/primary assessment? a. assess the patient's circulation b. make the transport decision or identify which patient is priority c. assess the patient's airway and breathing d. determine the patient's LOC ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Make the transport decision or identify which patient is priority Full thickness (3rd degree) burns are characterized by: a. blisters b. redness and pain An unconscious trauma patient should always be assumed to have which of the following types of injuries? a. cardiac b. spine c. skull d. abdominal ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Spine The condition of excessive fluid build up in the lungs because of the inadequate pumping of the heart is called: a. emphysema b. COPD c. asthma d. CHF ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. CHF Breathing sounds that should concern the EMT are: a. snoring, gurgling, wheezing, crowing, and crowning b. retractions, diaphragmatic breathing c. tachycardia, retractions, diaphragmatic breathing d. snoring, gurgling, wheezing and crowing ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. Snoring, gurgling, wheezing and crowing The term cyanosis is used when the patient's skin color is noted to be which of the following characteristics? a. yellow b. blue-gray c. very pale d. flushed ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Blue-gray Which of the following is NOT an appropriate statement for the EMT to make on a patient care report? a. the patient complains of difficulty breathing b. the patient had wheezes that were audible without using a stethoscope c. the patient has a history of asthma d. the patient was having an asthma attack ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. The patient was having an asthma attack What is Albuterol used for and how does it work? a. cardiac arrest, it restarts the heart b. asthma, COPD, wheezing. Its a bronchodilator that relaxes the airway c. emphysema, CHF. Its a bronchoconstrictor d. albuterol is not used in the pre-hospital setting ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------- B. Asthma, COPD, wheezing. Its a bronchodilator that relaxes the airway You have received an order from medical control that you feel would be detrimental to your patient. Which of the following should you do? a. politely question the physician b. carry out the order, but document that you disagreed with it c. contact your supervisor for advice d. call a different hospital for advice ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Politely question the physician You are on the scene of a male in cardiac arrest. The patient's wife is upset and is asking if her husband is going to be okay. How should you answer the patient's wife? a. "your husband is in cardiac arrest and people usually do not survive under these circumstances." b. "please wait in the other room. We'll let you know as soon as we know something." c. "your husband's heart has stopped. We're doing everything we can." d. "yes. he will be fine." ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. "Your husband's heart has stopped. We're doing everything we can." What is the purpose of the incident management system? a. assigns numbers to fire companies as they arrive b. provides an orderly method for communications and decision making c. relieves the incident commander of such overwhelming responsibilities d. puts logistics, finance, morgue, transportation and triage in one close area ------ CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Provides an orderly method for communications and decision making In what position would you expect a patient with severe dyspnea to be in? a. supine b. prone c. lateral recumbent d. fowler's ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. Fowler's An infant patient is in severe respiratory distress. Her skin is mottled and she does not respond to physical stimulus. You should: a. administer oxygen by the blow-by method b. assist her ventilations with a BVM and supplemental oxygen c. administer blind finger sweeps to attempt removal of an obstruction d. provide o2 by pediatric NRM ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Assist her ventilations with a BVM and supplemental oxygen What BEST defines the immediate sense of the patient's degree of distress formulated from the patient's immediate environment, appearance, and chief complaint? a. general impression b. primary assessment c. scene size-up d. secondary assessment ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. General impression Which of the following situations illustrates implied consent? a. you provide life support to a man who was found unconscious by bystanders who called EMS b. a female who walks to your ambulance as you are arriving on scene c. a child who has an obvious fx to his arm that mom asks you to check d. an infant that is asleep in her crib that has been asleep all day according to grandma ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. You provide life support to a man who was found unconscious by bystanders who called EMS A 34 year old male patient was eating at a restaurant when according to bystanders he began to gasp and was unable to cough. The patient then collapsed and began turning blue. Upon arrival, which of the following is your first course of action? a. begin CPR b. open the airway c. perform a finger sweep of the oropharynx d. provide supplemental oxygen ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Open the airway Where is the spleen located? b. hyperglycemia c. hypo perfusion d. seizure ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Hypoglycemia What are the earliest signs of shock? a. fatigue and depression b. weak pulse and low blood pressure c. anxiety and tachycardia d. cyanosis and shallow respirations ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Anxiety and tachycardia Which symptoms are signs of a partial upper airway obstruction due to the presence of a foreign body? a. increased work of breathing during expiration with a wheezy cough b. gasping respiratory efforts and the patient is unable to cough or speak c. no effort of breathing, absent chest wall movement, unable to cough or speak d. stridor during inspiration, inability to speak, and dyspnea ------CORRECT ANSWER--- -------------D. Stridor during inspiration, inability to speak and dyspnea A patient has severe facial injuries, inadequate breathing, and copious secretions coming from the mouth. How should this situation be managed? a. alternate suctioning for 15 seconds and ventilations for 2 minutes b. provide artificial ventilations and suction for 30 seconds as needed c. insert an oropharyngeal airway and suction until the secretions clear d. turn the patient to the side and provide continuous oral suctioning ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Alternate suctioning for 15 seconds and ventilations for 2 minutes Which of the following injuries or conditions should be managed FIRST? a. bilateral fractures of the femurs b. fluid drainage from both ears c. a large open abdominal wound d. bleeding within the oral cavity ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. Bleeding within the oral cavity Which of the following patients would be the LEAST likely to present with classic signs and symptoms of acute myocardial infarction? a. 64 yo male with renal disease and depression b. 55 yo female with COPD and frequent infections c. 72 yo female with diabetes and hypertension d. 59 yo male with alcoholism and angina pectoris ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- -C. 72 yo female with diabetes and hypertension Which of the following statements regarding the automated external defibrillator (AED) is correct? a. AEDs will analyze the patient's rhythm while CPR is in progress b. the AED should be applied to patients at risk for cardiac arrest c. the AED should not be used in patients with an implanted defibrillator d. AEDs can safely be used in infants and children less than 8 years of age ------ CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. AEDs can safely be used in infants and children less than 8 years of age You are assessing a 70 yo male who complains of pain in both of his legs. He is conscious and alert, has a bp of 160/90, a pulse of 110, and respirations of 14 and unlabored. Further assessment reveals edema to both of his feet and legs and JVD. This patient's primary problem is MOST likely: a. right heart failure b. pulmonary edema c. chronic hypertension d. left heart failure ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Right heart failure A 22 yo man was stabbed in the chest with a large knife. The patient is pulseless and apneic and the knife is impaled in the center of his chest. Treatment should include: a. removing the knife, applying an occlusive dressing, and providing rapid transport b. stabilizing the knife, starting CPR, and providing rapid transport c. removing the knife, starting CPR, and providing rapid transport d. stabilizing the knife, applying an occlusive dressing, and providing rapid transport ----- -CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Removing the knife, starting CPR, and providing rapid transport Despite direct pressure, a large laceration continues to spurt large amounts of bright red blood. You should: a. elevate the extremity and apply a tight pressure dressing b. apply a tourniquet proximal to the injury until the bleeding stops c. place additional dressings on the wound until the bleeding stops d. apply pressure to the pulse point that is proximal to the injury ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Apply a tourniquet proximal to the injury until the bleeding stops Patients with significant closed head injuries often have pupillary abnormalities and: a. hypertension b. paralysis c. tachycardia d. paresthesia ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Hypertension You are assessing a young male who was stabbed in the right lower chest. He is semiconscious and has labored breathing, collapsed jugular veins, and absent breath sounds on the right side of his chest. This patient MOST likely has a: a. ruptured spleen b. hemothorax c. pneumothorax d. liver laceration ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Hemothorax While removing a hot radiator cap, a 30 yo man sustained partial thickness burns to the anterior chest and both anterior arms. Based on the Rule of Nines, what percentage of his body surface area has bee burned? a. 9% b. 36% c. 27% d. 18% ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. 18% During the rapid head to toe assessment of a patient with multiple injuries, you expose the chest and find an open wound with blood bubbling from it. You should: a. prevent air from entering the wound b. apply high flow supplemental oxygen c. place a porous dressing over the wound d. stop your assessment and transport ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Prevent air from entering the wound b. throwing a nylon rope to the victim c. reaching for the victim with a long stick d. rowing a small raft to the victim ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Reaching for the victim with a long stick When dealing with an emotionally disturbed patient, you should be MOST concerned with: a. safely transporting to the hospital b. whether the patient could harm you c. gathering all of the patient's medications d. obtaining a complete medical history ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Whether the patient could harm you Unresponsiveness, shallow breathing, and constricted pupils are indicative of what type of drug overdose? a. narcotic b. amphetamine c. marijuana d. barbiturate ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Narcotic The MOST obvious way to reduce heat loss from radiation and convection is to: a. move away from a cold object b. increase metabolism by shivering c. move to a warmer environment d. wear a thick wind-proof jacket ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Move to a warmer environment When considering the potential for injury from a fall, which of the following is LEAST important? a. patient's weight b. type of surface onto which the patient fell c. height of the fall d. whether the patient struck anything with his body on the way down ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Patient's weight What is a DNR? a. a living will b. dr.'s orders c. advanced directive d. medical guardianship ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Advanced directive On a possible murder scene you should: a. clear a path in the home for law enforcement b. check for breathing, start CPR if needed c. take plenty of photos to attach to your PCR d. go back outside and wait for law enforcement arrival ------CORRECT ANSWER-------- --------D. Go back outside and wait for law enforcement arrival Bruising behind an ear over the mastoid process that may indicate a skull fracture what is the medical term used for this sign? a. raccoon eyes b. ear bruising c. battle's sign d. blood contusion ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Battle's sign Your patient presents with weakness on one side, facial drooping and slurred speech. What do you suspect? a. cerebral vascular accident b. cortex manipulation c. alcohol abuse d. an allergic reaction to a medicine ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Cerebral vascular accident Injuries affecting the C-3 vertebrae will most likely cause: a. paralysis of arms b. paralysis of legs c. paralysis of all extremities d. none of the above ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Paralysis of all extremities How many sections of the spine are there? a. 4 b. 7 c. 12 d. 5 ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. 5 When placing an oxygen tank in service you should: a. always crack the tank before putting regulator/flowmeter on b. make sure you lubricate the tank stem once a month c. an oxygen tank cannot be checked until the regulator/flowmeter is in place d. always stand in front and over oxygen tank while attaching the regulator ------ CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Always crack the tank before putting regulator/flowmeter on A patient fell from a skateboard ramp. He appears confused, has some abrasions to elbows and knees and is complaining of dizziness. Which would be his chief complaint? a. falling b. pain in his knees and elbows c. dizziness d. denies a chief complaint ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Dizziness A nasal cannula at 4-6 LPM delivers what percentage of oxygen? a. 80-90% b. 24-44% c. 95% d. 100% ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. 24-44% When describing an injury that only scrapes the top layer of the skin you would use: a. laceration b. rash c. abrasion d. burn ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Abrasion Which of the four choices would MOST likely cause an airway problem for a child? a. epiglottitis b. nausea c. a cast on an extremity d. crying ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Epiglottitis When a hip is dislocated posteriorly, in what position would you expect to find patient? a. leg elongated and bent at the knee b. leg flexed, thigh turned inward and adducted across patient's midline c. leg straight, thigh turned outward and abducted laterally d. leg straight and in a fixed position that does allow for any movement ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Leg flexed, thigh turned inward and adducted across patient's midline Blood in the stomach would MOST likely cause: a. pain, tenderness on palpation, and distention b. paralysis of intestines, tenderness, and pain c. constipation and distention d. overactive bowel sounds, hunger, and thirst ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Pain, tenderness on palpation, and distention A patient fell from a ladder, what is NOT important information to obtain? a. patient's age b. height of the ladder c. what area of the body landed first d. surface patient landed on ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Patient's age When a patient's pulse is irregular, it is best to: a. determine if the patient has a blood pressure problem b. if the patient uses drugs or alcohol c. use a doppler to listen d. count pulse for a full 60 seconds ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. Count pulse for a full 60 seconds You are first to respond to a possible hazmat scene. You should: a. gather patient in a circle and ask what happened b. immediately start doing primary assessment for triage c. set up a safety zone, position your truck upwind, uphill d. leave and return to your station ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Set up a safety zone, position your truck upwind, uphill In a non triage setting, you are the only rescuer. Which patient would have the highest priority? a. a patient bleeding from his chin b. a patient with a possible dislocated shoulder c. a patient complaining of chest pain d. a patient in cardiac arrest ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. A patient in cardiac arrest Patient is in obvious respiratory distress. He is breathing approx. 8 breaths per minute. You should assist patient's breathing until you reach a rate of at least: a. 25 BPM b. 30 bpm c. 12 bpm d. 10 bpm ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. 12 BPM What are a few of the danger's of pelvic injuries? a. blood loss, femoral artery can be lacerated, death b. swelling, compartment syndrome, paralysis c. paralysis, swelling, compression syndrome d. crush injury, blood loss, loss of feeling ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Blood loss, femoral artery can be lacerated, death At a hazmat scene involving a tractor trailer, you should stage: a. downhill, downwind b. upwind, downhill c. upwind, uphill d. downwind, uphill ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. Upwind, downhill What care does a newborn need from least important to most important at the time of a normal delivery? a. als, compressions, BVM, oxygen, suction, stimulation, position, warmth, drying b. drying, warmth, position, stimulation, suction, oxygen, BVM, compressions, als c. drying, stimulation, als, compressions, suction, BVM, warmth, and oxygen d. oxygen, compressions, BVM, drying, positioning, oxygen ------CORRECT ANSWER-- --------------C. Drying, stimulation, als, compressions, suction, BVM, warmth, and oxygen What would be most helpful in protecting a fetus during a trauma? a. the mother's body b. the amniotic sac c. the elasticity of the fetus' bones d. the mother's pelvis ring ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------B. The amniotic sac If you suspect child abuse, you: a. are a mandated reporter b. should confront the parents c. should take pictures and notes at the scene d. should stay out of it ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------A. Are a mandated reporter At the scene of a possible suicide, you note the patient has been there for days. You should: a. collect all the evidence you can b. ask the family what the patient was so distraught about c. mark off area and wait until police arrive d. look around the scene for evidence of drug or alcohol abuse ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------C. Mark off area and wait until police arrive You are required reporters of all EXCEPT: a. births that occur at home b. dog bites c. elder abuse d. drug addict ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------D. Drug addict What workplace document describes the manner in which an organization will comply with the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Exposure control plan A bloodborne pathogen is: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A disease carrying microorganism found in human blood and other body fluids Which is not apart of the evaluation and follow-up after an employee is exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Post exposure administration of the Hep B vaccine What is an important consideration when using disposable gloves in a situation that could result in an exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Take the gloves off in a manner that prevents splattering or spraying of body fluids Effective therapeutic communication skills require: ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- -verbal and nonverbal communication techniques Which types of the following types of questions allow for the most detailed response? --- ---CORRECT ANSWER---------------Open-ended questions Which of the following will help improve radio communications? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Wait 1 second after pressing the transmit button before speaking Ethnocentrism is defined as: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------considering your own cultural values to be more important when interacting with people of a different culture During your assessment of a 20 year old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------allow him time to think about the question and respond to it When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: ---- --CORRECT ANSWER---------------most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions A 4 year old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother Communicating with patients who are deaf or heard of hearing can be facilitated by doing all of the following EXCEPT: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER------ ---------respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician Which of the following statements is NOT appropriate to document in the narrative section of a PCR? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------"General impression revealed that the patient was intoxicated" Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is correct? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport Which of the following incidents does NOT require a report to be filed with local authorities? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Cardiac arrest Which of the following statements regarding a "dedicated line" is correct? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------It is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users When relaying patient information via radio communications should be: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------brief and easily understood You are transporting a 54-year old male in respiratory arrest. An EMR is driving the ambulance as you and your partner are caring for the patient. Which of the following is the MOST logical way of notifying the hospital? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital When providing a patient report via radio you should protect the patient's privacy by: ---- --CORRECT ANSWER---------------not disclosing his or her name You could be sued for _________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injuries his or her reputation. ------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ----Slander Medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patient's condition. After confirming that you heard the physician correctly, you should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Advise the physician the order is unclear and ask for clarification You are caring for a 56 year old male patient complaining of abdominal pain. Your service has recently switched to an electronic PCR system (ePCR). When completing the ePCR it is important to be aware that: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------the ePCR allows the patient information transmitted directly to the receiving hospital's computers You are providing care to a 61 year old female complaining of chest pain that is cardiac in origin. Your service utilizes a multiplex communication system. You wish to transmit the patient's electrocardiogram to the hospital. In order to accomplish this, you must: ---- --CORRECT ANSWER---------------use the multiplex system to transmit the information The _____ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------diaphragm Which of the following is not true of the lymphatic system? ------CORRECT ANSWER---- -----------Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Bronchus The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------ventilation Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite normal respiratory rate Which of the following patient's is breathing adequately? ------CORRECT ANSWER------ ---------A conscious male with regular respirations of 19 bpm and pink skin Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea and called ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Cheyne- Strokes respirations In which of the following patients would the head-tilt chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A 37 year old female who is found unconscious in her bed A 19 year old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------remove the airway and prepare to suction her oropharynx The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it: ------CORRECT ANSWER--- ------------can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------300 mm Hg Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------A 31 year old male semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause fire A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Non- rebreathing mask What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange You are performing mouth to mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------55% Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-valve mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Adequate rise of chest when squeezing the bag How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane You are ventilating a patient with a stoma, however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------seal the mouth and nose During your assessment of a patient in respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A lower airway obstruction A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would most likely explain this? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Carbon monoxide poisoning Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Bronchus The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------ventilation days later. Which route of transmission does this scenario describe? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Direct contact The waste products of aerobic metabolism include: ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- --carbon dioxide and water Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Gallbladder The average adult has approximately ______ of blood in his or her vascular system. ---- --CORRECT ANSWER---------------5 L The _________ fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Liver Twelve pairs of ribs attach to which section of the spinal column? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Thoracic Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41 year old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious and unresponsive, assuming that travel times to each is equal? ------CORRECT ANSWER--- ------------A Level I or Level II trauma center The index of suspicion is most accurately defined as: ------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ----your awareness or concern for potentially serious underlying injuries Force acting over a distance is the definition of: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Work Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Rotational and rollover Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of high energy trauma? ----- -CORRECT ANSWER---------------Deployment of the airbag While en route to a major vehicle crash, an on scene police officer advises you that a 6- year old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Neck and facial injuries Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------lateral collisions A 15 year old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown on the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Stabilize her spine A 12 year old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Energy transmission to the spine When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------assess for an exit wound When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked Which of the following interventions is the MOST important to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Rapid transport to a trauma center Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22 year old female is confused and complains of severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- intracranial bleeding According to the Association of Air Medical Services you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome Your patient has a GCS score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breathes per minute. His Revised Trauma Score is: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------9 According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if her or you control the external bleeding, your partner should: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------Assist the patient's ventilations If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from and extremity, you should apply: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------a tourniquet proximal to the injury Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Air splint A 43 year old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm hg and his heart rate is 90 bpm and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward Which of the following findings would be the most significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto) Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------splinting the extremity Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Ears The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that: ------CORRECT ANSWER-------- -------waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------The immune system releases histamines which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness of the swelling A closed soft tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------contusion Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours Which of the following open soft tissue injuries is based on the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss? ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- -Abrasion A 56 year old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------replaced the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------shotgun A 39 year old male was struck in the head by a baseball bat during a game. He is confused and has slurred speech. He has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead and cannot remember events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing the head and assessing his airway you should: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Administer high flow oxygen As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------open his airway and assess his breathing status A 33 year old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABC's and assessing him for lift threatening injuries, how should you care for his wound? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------A pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------an air embolism An 8 year old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should: ------CORRECT ANSWER-- -------------report the incident to the appropriate authorities Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65 year old patient? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Partial thickness burn to 20% of the BSA A burn that is characterized by redness and pain classified as a: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------superficial burn During your secondary assessment of a 30 year old male who fell 25 feet, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 bpm and weak. After completing your assessment you should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is: ------CORRECT ANSWER----- ----------delaying transport of a critically injured patient When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------carefully assess the patient for breathing problems A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------distal humerus During your assessment for a 29 year old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- proximal femur Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Compartment syndrome typically develops within 12 hours after an injury A 17 year old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Shock What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"? ------CORRECT ANSWER--- ------------Heart, blood vessels, blood You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------peripheral vasoconstriction Shock due to severe infection is called: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------septic shock Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------cardiogenic shock Food, medication and insects are common causes of: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -----anaphylactic shock Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- compensated shock As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be? ------CORRECT ANSWER------- --------control the bleeding When should nonlife-saving intervention be performed for your multisystem trauma patient ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------En route to the hospital To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood from away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as: ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- -the skin Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: ------CORRECT ANSWER------ ---------cardiogenic shock Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------cardiac tamponade Distributive shock occurs when: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------widespread dilation of the blood vessels cases blood to pool in the vascular beds In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------hypothermia Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------plasma When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock When treating an 80 year old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: -- ----CORRECT ANSWER---------------changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying which increases the risk for vomiting A 4 year old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------transport her to the emergency department A 52 year old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 bpm, and respirations of 22 bpm with adequate tidal volume. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- -fully immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport A 6 year old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chances of survival is: - -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------rapidly transporting her to the hospital The superficial temporal artery can be palpated: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- just anterior to the tragus The Adam's apple is: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------it is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that can not be replaced if lost When a light is shone into the pupil: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------it should become smaller in size The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of: ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- --the brain and spinal cord What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Somatic When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------pupillary constriction The five sections of the spinal column in descending order are the: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal Common signs and symptoms of a serious injury include all of the following EXCEPT: -- ----CORRECT ANSWER---------------a rapid, thready pulse When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury Which of the following breathing patterns is MOST indicative of increased intracranial pressure? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea In contrast with cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion: ------CORRECT ANSWER---- -----------involves physical injury to the brain tissue Hyperextension injuries of the spine are MOST commonly the result of: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------hangings A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. The mechanism of injury is an example of: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------axial loading Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------It causes a problem managing the airway You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------slow The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess: ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ ---eye opening, verbal response, and motor response An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swell is: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs During your assessment of a 19 year old unconscious patient male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is: ---- --CORRECT ANSWER---------------the four person log roll A 54 year old male experiencing an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that his is in severe pain and the the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33 year old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note and impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 bpm and her respirations are 24 bpm. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------control any external bleeding, administer oxygen and transport at once Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy: -- ----CORRECT ANSWER---------------may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------closely monitor and reassess frequently Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Liver All of the following are hollow abdominal organs EXCEPT the: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------spleen Children are often "belly breathers" because: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------their intercostal muscles are not developed Closed chest injuries are typically caused by: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------blunt trauma Patients with chest injuries will often present with: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- tachypnea Which of the following is most likely to cause immediate death? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Aortic rupture Immediately life-threatening chest injuries must be found and managed during the: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------primary assessment A spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would MOST likely result in: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------paralysis of the intercostal muscles If a patient with a chest injury is only able to inhale small amounts of air per breath, her or she: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume In order to avoid exacerbating a patient's injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive pressure ventilation to patients with a: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------pneumothorax An open pneumothorax occurs when: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------air enters the pleural space from outside the body You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40 year old who was stabbed in the anterior of the chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia and is developing cyanosis. You should: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------partially remove the dressing A simple pneumothorax: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma While jogging a 19 year old male experienced acute onset shortness of breath and chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of his chest. You should: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------administer oxygen and transport to the hospital You respond to a residence for a 40 year old female who was assaulted by her husband, the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior of the chest, JVD, and diminishing breathe sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations you should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------immediately request ALS support Following a stab wound to the left anterior of the chest, a 25 year old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------engorged jugular veins A flail chest occurs when: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- prepare for immediate transport What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Jaw-thrust maneuver You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone A palpable pulse is created by: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------lips or oral mucosa A 39 year old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious. He is screaming in pain and is attempting to control the bleed, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------apply direct pressure to the wound The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------60 to 90 seconds The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as: ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ ---most serious thing the patient is concerned about Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------The secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following EXCEPT: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------the reason why the patient called EMS Assessment of the medical patient is usually focused on the: ------CORRECT ANSWER- --------------nature of illness Most treatments provided in the prehospital setting are intended to: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------address the patient's symptoms Most patients with an infectious disease will have: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- a fever Which of the following is bacterium resistant to most antibiotics and causes skin abscesses? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------MRSA Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Substance abuse You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50 year old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------manage all threats to airway, breathing and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------the condition of many medical patients may not appear serious at first When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Medical history It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected _____ problem ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------neurologic When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible The determination of whether a medical patient is high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------after the primary assessment has been completed In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate to utilize air an medical transportation service? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------61 year old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes After sizing up the scene of a patient with a possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------take standard precautions An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -----a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for complications caused by the influenza virus? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A 68 year old woman with type 2 diabetes The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis Asthma is caused by a response of the: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------immune system A 30 year old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment you hear wheezing over all lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 bpm. In addition to giving him high flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- epinephrine When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- abnormal breath sounds When auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both her lungs. This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Aspiration pneumonia You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- fluid accumulation outside of the lung You are attending to a 3 year old male patient who is presenting with severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with low grade fever for the past 2 days. They became worried today as his level of distress has increased dramatically. On assessment, the patient is sitting upright and making high-pitched noises with each breath. Based on this information, the patient is most likely suffering from: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------viral infection of the upper respiratory tract His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days and when they took him to their family doctor, they were told it was likely due to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). They have kept him well hydrated, but infection seems to have gotten worse. On auscultation, you hear decreased air entry bilaterally with fine expiratory wheezes and the occasional coarse wet crackle. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Bronchiolitis You are attending to a 54 year old female patient in a homeless shelter. The patient tells you that she had the flu a couple of weeks ago, and has not gotten over it. She has been tired and keeps waking up at night, sweating. She has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------tuberculosis The three major parts of the brain are: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem Which of the following symptoms would lead the EMT to believe that a patient's headache is caused by sinus congestion? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------the pain is worse when bending over Interruption of the cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following EXCEPT: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------cerebral vasodilation The MOST significant risk factory for a hemorrhagic stroke is: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------hypertension A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------dysarthria Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Hypovolemia Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------A seizure that begins in one extremity Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Confusion and fatigue You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2 year old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route A patient with an altered mental status is: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia you should be MOST alert for: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------a seizure During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70 year old female you should: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed You are caring for a 68 year old man with sudden onset of left sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 bpm with adequate depth and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------recovery position and transport A 75 year old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing: -- ----CORRECT ANSWER---------------a heart attack A man finds his 59 year old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------open and maintain her airway and assess breathing Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following EXCEPT: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------ensuring the absence of a gag reflex Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen A 66 year old woman experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, which of the following should the EMT suspect? ------CORRECT ANSWER------- --------Pulmonary embolism During your assessment of a 19 year old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------he has hemophilia A Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Blindness You are treating a 40 year old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize the definitive treatment for this patient includes: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------insulin Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin The normal blood glucose level is between: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------80 and 120 mg/dL Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------polyphagia When allergic reaction proceeds to life-threatening anaphylaxis, it will usually do so: ----- -CORRECT ANSWER---------------quickly, within 30 minutes The goal of invaders such as bacteria and viruses is to: ------CORRECT ANSWER-------- -------use the body as a home When a foreign substance invades the body, the body will __________ ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------protect itself, go on alert, attempt to inactivate the foreign substance (ALL OF THESE ANSWERS ARE CORRECT) Anaphylaxis caused by stinging insects is typically an allergic reaction to __________ rather than the bite or sting itself. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------injected poison, irritating toxin, deadly venoms (ALL OF THESE ANSWERS ARE CORRECT) At the site of the injury, signs and symptoms of an animal or insect bite may indicate pain, localized heat, and a wheal which appears as: ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ ---a raised, well defined area of the skin Care for a victim of an immunologic emergency who is severely hypotensive should include which of the following? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Apply high flow oxygen therapy, place the patient in a shock position, and help maintain the patient's body temperature Which of the following signs/symptoms are indicative of involvement of an allergic reaction? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------tightness in the chest or throat Epinephrine stimulates the __________ response, increasing blood pressure and relieving bronchospasm. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------sympathetic After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22 year old woman with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardia. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER---- -----------monitor her closely but recall anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a(n): ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems Urticaria is the medical term for: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------hives The stinger from a honeybee should be: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------scraped away from the skin Activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested certain substances because it: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------binds to the substances and prevents absorption As you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------be alert for personal hazards You receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unresponsive on the couch. The patient's respiratory rate is 8bpm, her breathing is shallow, her heart rate is 40bpm and her pulse is weak. The husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone which was refilled the day before. You should: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- ventilate her with a BVM When caring for a known alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the blood's ability to clot You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen, and hydrocodone. The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include: -- ----CORRECT ANSWER---------------assisted ventilation and naloxone (Narcan) Which of the following statements regarding the Salmonella bacteria is correct? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------the Salmonella bacteria causes food poisoning Which of the following sets of vital signs would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------BP 200/100 mm Hg, Pulse 150 bpm An overdose of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will MOST likely cause: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------liver failure In an apparent suicide attempt, a 19 year old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline. At present, she is conscious and alert and states that she swallowed the pills approximately 30 minutes earlier. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 140 bpm and irregular and her respirations are 22 bpm with adequate depth. When transporting this patient, you should be MOST alert for: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------seizures and cardiac arrhythmias A 49 year old male presents with confusion, sweating and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. The patient is MOST likely experiencing: ------CORRECT ANSWER- --------------delirium tremens A person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------tolerance What is the most common misconception surrounding mental illness? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Feeling "bad" or "depressed" means that you must be "sick" Why might EMTs encounter a larger proportion of violent patients than the population at large? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------EMTs respond to patients who by definition are having an emergency Everyone exhibits some signs and symptoms of mental illness at some point in life __________ ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------but that does not mean a person is mentally ill A behavioral crisis interferes with which of the following: ------CORRECT ANSWER------- --------Activities of daily living, Behavior that is acceptable to the community, Dressing, eating or bathing (ALL OF THESE ANSWERS ARE CORRECT) Which of the following is an example of a psychiatric emergency? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A person violently attacking family members When a psychiatric emergency arises, a patient is most likely to exhibit which of the following behaviors? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Any behaviors that are a violent threat to the patient, EMTs or others The two basic categories of diagnosis that a physician will use for behavioral crisis and psychiatric emergencies are: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------physical and psychological Which of the following is considered an organ brain syndrome? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Alzheimer dementia Which of the following is a good guideline for physical examination of any patient? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Avoid touching without permission A general impression of the patient is formed by an EMT: ------CORRECT ANSWER----- ----------at a distance when the patient is first seen Which of the following terms applies to a state of delusion in which a patient is out of touch with reality? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Psychosis A 40 year old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate