NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam, Exams of Nursing

Download NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam (Answered) • Question 1 The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells? Selecte d Answer: Platel e ts • Question 2 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Selecte d Answer : Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring. • Question 3 1 out of 1 points What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging? Selecte d Answer: Arterial stiffening • Question 4 0 out of 1 points People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle? Selecte d Answer: Domina n ce • Question 5 1 out of 1 points When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? Selecte d Answer: The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) • Question 6 2 out of 1 points A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? Selecte d Answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells • Question 7 0 out of 1 points What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? Selecte d Answer: Bounding pulse felt on palpation What are tumor cell markers? Selecte d Answer: Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells • Question 9 1 out of 1 points Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack? Selecte d Answer: Bacter i a • Question 10 • Question 8 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned? Selecte d Answer: Ingest 1000 mg of calcium a day. • Question 18 1 out of 1 points Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct? Selecte d Answer: Antidiuretic hormone • Question 19 1 out of 1 points The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason? Selecte d Answer: It depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart. • Question 20 What is one function of the tumor cell marker? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer • Question 21 1 out of 1 points When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA? Selecte d Answer: Kussmaul respiration s • Question 22 Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Increased retention of water • Question 23 1 out of 1 points The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate? Selecte d Answer: Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine • Question 24 What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction? 2 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Low alveolar partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2) • Question 25 1 out of 1 points In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? Selecte d Answer: Woman who have smoked for more than 10 years • Question 26 2 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority? Selecte d Answer: Deep venous thrombosis • Question 27 Selecte d Answer: Anterior pituitary tumor • Question 35 0 out of 1 points Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end- diastolic volume (preload) result in? Selecte d Answer: Decrease in repolarizatio n • Question 36 1 out of 1 points Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion? Selecte d Answer: Has long-standing kidney disease from diabetes • Question 37 2 out of 1 points A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best? Selecte d Answer : Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity. • Question 38 1 out of 1 points The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Selecte d Answer: Atri a • Question 39 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for hyperkalemia? Selecte d Answer: Renal failur e • Question 40 What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Metabolizing bile salts, estrogens, and lipids • Question 41 0 out of 1 points A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K +) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na +) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency? Selecte d Answer: Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis. • Question 42 0 out of 1 points A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best? Selecte d Answer: Decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels. • Question 43 1 out of 1 points A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? Selecte d Answer: Ca ++: 12.9 mg/dL • Question 44 2 out of 1 points A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best? Selecte d Answer: To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration • Question 45 1 out of 1 points Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen? Selecte d Answer: Answer: IgA • Question 53 1 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best? Selecte d Answer: Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. • Question 54 0 out of 1 points A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review? Selecte d Answer: Duodenal ulcers occur with greater frequency than other types of peptic ulcers. • Question 55 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this problem? Selecte d Answer: A prolonged ST interval • Question 56 How do free radicals cause cell damage? 2 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane • Question 57 What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Increased capillary permeability • Question 58 A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Autoimmune process with IgG attacking pancreatic acinar cells • Question 59 2 out of 1 points A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best? Selecte d Answer: Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen • Question 60 0 out of 1 points The healthcare professional working with older adults teaches general infection- prevention measures as a priority for this age group due to which change in lymphocyte function? Selecte d Answer: Decreased number of circulating T cells • Question 61 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for? Selecte d Answer: Mitral regurgitatio n • Question 62 Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant? 2 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis. • Question 63 0 out of 1 points A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder? Selecte d Answer: More frequent blood glucose monitoring • Question 64 0 out of 1 points What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Hypoventilation to compensate for the metabolic alkalosis • Question 74 2 out of 1 points What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of hypertension? Selecte d Answer: Ischemia of the tubule • Question 75 1 out of 1 points A patient has a peptic ulcer related to h. pylori bacteria. What treatment does the healthcare professional educate the patient on? Selecte d Answer: Antibiotic therapy • Question 76 1 out of 1 points A patient is in severe shock and is receiving vasopressin. A student asks the health care professional to explain the rationale for this treatment. What response by the professional is most accurate? Selecte d Answer: Antidiuretic hormone causes vasoconstriction to help increase blood pressure. • Question 77 What is apoptosis? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive • Question 78 1 out of 1 points Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? Selecte d Answer: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease • Question 79 1 out of 1 points An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? Selecte d Answer: Alpha fetoprotein • Question 80 1 out of 1 points A patient had a thyroidectomy and now reports tingling around the mouth and has a positive Chvostek sign. What laboratory finding would be most helpful to the healthcare professional? Selecte d Answer: Serum calciu m • Question 81 Answer: emptying • Question 87 0 out of 1 points A patient has portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly. Which lab value would the healthcare professional associate with this condition? Selecte d Answer: Low white blood cell count • Question 88 Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Pulmonary veins • Question 89 0 out of 1 points A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best? Selecte d Answer: It suppresses the action of the tumor- suppressor genes. • Question 90 0 out of 1 points What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant? Selected O Answer: • Question 91 1 out of 1 points The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in the heart is directly related to the of contraction. Selecte d Answer: Pressu r e • Question 92 Which statement is true about phagocytosis? 2 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Phagocytosis involves the ingestion of bacteria. • Question 93 Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it. • Question 94 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information? Selecte d Answer: The synthesis of 1,25-vitamin D 3, which reduces intestinal absorption of calcium, is impaired. • Question 95 2 out of 1 points A patient reports dumping syndrome after a partial gastrectomy. What does the healthcare professional teach this patient? Selecte d Answer: Eat small, frequent high- protein meals. • Question 96 1 out of 1 points What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood? Selecte d Answer: Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close. • Question 97 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what? Selecte d Answer: Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues • Question 98 1 out of 1 points