NURS 6501 Week 6 Midterm Exam NURS-6501N-32,Advanced Pathophysiology. – Questions and Answ, Exams of Nursing

Download NURS 6501 Week 6 Midterm Exam NURS-6501N-32,Advanced Pathophysiology. – Questions and Answ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NURS 6501 Week 6 Midterm Exam NURS-6501N- 32,Advanced Pathophysiology. – Questions and Answers • Question 1 The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells? Selected Answer: Platelets • Question 2 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Selected Answer: Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring. •Question 3 1 out of 1 points What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging? Selected Answer: Arterial stiffening • Question 4 1 out of 1 points People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle? Selected Answer: Expressivity • Question 5 1 out of 1 points When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: Cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines. • Question 6 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? Selected Answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells • Question 7 1 out of 1 points What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? Selected Answer: Murmur heard on auscultation • Question 8 1 out of 1 points What are tumor cell markers? Selected Answer: Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells • Question 9 1 out of 1 points Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack? Selected Answer: mycoplasma • Question 10 1 out of 1 points Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin? Selected Answer: Somatostatin • Question 11 1 out of 1 points What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? Selected Answer: Hypoxic injury • Question 12 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? Selected Answer: Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are a source of increased ammonia. • Question 13 1 out of 1 points Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by which mechanism? Selected Answer: Decreasing surface tension in the alveoli • Question 14 1 out of 1 points A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare professional is the priority? Selected Answer: which type of hyperparathyroidism? Selected Answer: Secondary • Question 32 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to consider? Selected Answer: Arterial blood gas shows a PaCO 2 of 44 mmHg. • Question 33 1 out of 1 points The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Selected Answer: Endogenous pyrogens • Question 34 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? Selected Answer: Posterior pituitary trauma • Question 35 1 out of 1 points Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in? Selected Answer: Decrease in repolarization • Question 36 0 out of 1 points Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion? Selected Answer: Has long- standing kidney disease from diabetes • Question 37 1 out of 1 points A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity. • Question 38 1 out of 1 points The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Selected Answer: Atria • Question 39 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for hyperkalemia? Selected Answer: Renal failure • Question 40 1 out of 1 points What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora? Selected Answer: Metabolizing bile salts, estrogens, and lipids • Question 41 1 out of 1 points A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K ) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na ) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency? Selected Answer: Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis. • Question 42 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn • Question 43 1 out of 1 points A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? Selected Answer: Ca : 8.2 mg/dL • Question 44 1 out of 1 points A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration • Question 45 1 out of 1 points Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen? Selected Answer: Foreignness • Question 46 1 out of 1 points Which renal change is found in older adults? Selected Answer: Decrease in the number of nephrons • Question 47 1 out of 1 points If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner? Selected Answer: Shift to the right, causing more oxygen (O 2) to be released to the cells • Question 48 1 out of 1 points Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? Selected Answer: Glycolysis • Question 49 1 out of 1 points A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare professional monitor the patient for? Selected Answer: Hemosiderosis • Question 50 1 out of 1 points The student asks the professor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by lungs with decreased compliance? Selected Answer: stiffness • Question 51 1 out of 1 points What is one function of the tumor cell marker? Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer • Question 52 1 out of 1 points Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of what? Selected Answer: Rapid response from IgA • Question 53 1 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. • Question 54 1 out of 1 points A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review? Selected Answer: Gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure of the mucosa to acid.. • Question 55 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this problem? Selected Answer: PR interval measuring 0.28 sec • Question 56 1 out of 1 points How do free radicals cause cell damage? Selected Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane • Question 57 1 out of 1 points What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? Selected Answer: Increased capillary permeability • Question 77 1 out of 1 points What is apoptosis? Selected Answer: Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive • Question 78 1 out of 1 points Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? Selected Answer: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease • Question 79 1 out of 1 points An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? Selected Answer: Alpha fetoprotein • Question 80 1 out of 1 points A patient had a thyroidectomy and now reports tingling around the mouth and has a positive Chvostek sign. What laboratory finding would be most helpful to the healthcare professional? Selected Answer: Serum calcium • Question 81 1 out of 1 points A patient's chart indicates Kussmaul respirations. The student asks the healthcare professional what this is caused by. What response by the professional is most accurate? Selected Answer: A compensatory measure is needed to correct metabolic acidosis. • Question 82 1 out of 1 points A pregnant woman has Graves disease. What test/s does the healthcare professional advise the woman about? Selected Answer: Blood test for hyperthyroidism • Question 83 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome. What findings does the professional relate to this condition? Selected Answer: An IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears • Question 84 1 out of 1 points Where is two thirds of the body's water found? Selected Answer: Intracellular fluid compartments • Question 85 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get? Selected Answer: Hepatic function • Question 86 1 out of 1 points After a partial gastrectomy, gastric bypass, or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism? Selected Answer: Rapid gastric emptying • Question 87 1 out of 1 points A patient has portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly. Which lab value would the healthcare professional associate with this condition? Selected Answer: Low platelet count • Question 88 1 out of 1 points Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? Selected Answer: Pulmonary veins • Question 89 1 out of 1 points A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best? Selected Answer: A mutation in this gene allows continuous cell growth. • Question 90 1 out of 1 points What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant? Selected Answer: AB • Question 91 1 out of 1 points The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in the heart is directly related to the of contraction. Selected Answer: strength • Question 92 1 out of 1 points Which statement is true about phagocytosis? Selected Answer: Phagocytosis involves the ingestion of bacteria. • Question 93 1 out of 1 points Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? Selected Answer: The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it. • Question 94 0 out of 1 points A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information? Selected Answer: The synthesis of 1,25-vitamin D 3, which reduces intestinal absorption of calcium, is impaired. • Question 95 1 out of 1 points A patient reports dumping syndrome after a partial gastrectomy. What does the healthcare professional teach this patient? Selected Answer: Eat small, frequent high-protein meals. • Question 96 1 out of 1 points What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood? Selected Answer: Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close. • Question 97 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what? Selected Answer: Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues • Question 98 1 out of 1 points What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? Selected Answer: Proteins • Question 99 1 out of 1 points What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation? Selected Answer: Muscle layer of the arterioles • Question 100 1 out of 1 points A patient has been admitted for a possible small intestinal obstruction. What is the first sign the healthcare professional assesses for that would indicate the presence of this condition? Selected Answer: Vomiting