NURS-6501N-16, Advanced Pathophysiology Questions with Answers, Exams of Nursing

Download NURS-6501N-16, Advanced Pathophysiology Questions with Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NURS-6501N-16, Advanced Pathophysiology Questions with Answers • Question 1 1 out of 1 points A patient has defective secretion of the intrinsic factor leading to anemia. What treatment option does the healthcare professional discuss with the patient? Selected Answer: Vitamin B 12 injections initially given once a week. • Question 2 1 out of 1 points A health care professional is teaching a group of college women about increasing calcium in the diet to prevent osteoporosis. A participant asks at what age is peak bone mass is reached in women. What response is best? Selected Answer: 30 years • Question 3 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional in an urban clinic is seeing a patient who has iron deficiency anemia (IDA). What question by the professional is most appropriate to assess for the cause of IDA? Selected Answer: 1cHave you ever noticed any blood in your stool? 1d • Question 4 1 out of 1 points How should the healthcare professional reply when parents question why a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head was not ordered for their 5-year-old child after a minor fall? Selected Answer: Research suggests that repeated CT scans can increase the risk of developing brain cancer. • Question 5 1 out of 1 points A health care professional determines that the student needs more education when the student makes which statement about treating bone infection? Selected Answer: Bacteria are walled off by macrophages and T lymphocytes; consequently, the antibiotics cannot penetrate the infected area. • Question 6 1 out of 1 points Which statement by the professor best describes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? Selected Answer: A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and the presence of bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray imaging • Question 7 1 out of 1 points What is the effect of low plasma albumin? Selected Answer: Osmotic pressure decreases; thus water moves from the capillaries to the interstitium. • Question 8 1 out of 1 points A patient has been hospitalized with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The patient asks how this could have occurred. What response by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: It is often preceded by a viral illness. • Question 9 0 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points Compared with an adult, an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid, as well as a greater rate of fluid exchange. What effect does this have on the fluid balance of a child compared with that of an adult? Selected Answer: The control of dehydration is more difficult. • Question 21 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a spinal cord injury at T5. The patient exhibits severe hypertension, a heart rate of 32 beats/min, and sweating above the spinal cord lesion. How does the professional chart this event? Selected Answer: Parasympathetic dysreflexia • Question 22 1 out of 1 points Which condition is consistent with the cardiac defect of transposition of the great vessels? Selected Answer: The aorta arises from the right ventricle. • Question 23 1 out of 1 points What directly causes ovulation during the menstrual cycle? Selected Answer: Sudden increase of LH • Question 24 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient diagnosed with aphasia. What action by the professional would be best in working with this patient? Selected Answer: Provide speech therapy. • Question 25 0 out of 1 points A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during infection is because of what reason? Selected Answer: The nodes fill with purulent exudate. • Question 26 1 out of 1 points How does the epididymis become infected? Selected Answer: The pathogenic microorganisms ascend the vasa deferentia from an already infected urethra or bladder. • Question 27 1 out of 1 points In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss? Selected Answer: Peripheral vasoconstriction • Question 28 1 out of 1 points Which spinal tract carries the most nociceptive information? Selected Answer: Lateral spinothalamic • Question 29 0 out of 1 points Which statement is likely true regarding children being treated for cancer with radiation therapy? Selected Answer: They are prone to experience severe developmental delays. • Question 30 1 out of 1 points A health care professional is caring for a patient admitted to the hospital with severe anorexia. What action by the health care professional would be most important? Selected Answer: Ensuring the patient is on a cardiac monitor • Question 31 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is trying to lower a patient's body temperature by convection. What action by the professional will accomplish this? Selected Answer: Obtain a fan and set it to blow over the patient. • Question 32 1 out of 1 points A parent asks the healthcare professional to explain why a child diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot squats frequently. What explanation by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Relieves hypoxia • Question 33 1 out of 1 points An infant has gluten-sensitive enteropathy and the parents ask the healthcare professional to explain why the baby bruises so easily. The professional explains that the baby has which deficit? Selected Answer: Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption • Question 34 1 out of 1 points A woman has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome but is confused because her pelvic ultrasound (US) was read as normal and did not show cysts. What response by the health care professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: You do not need to have cysts on your ovaries to have this condition. • Question 35 1 out of 1 points A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What information does the student clarify with a study partner as being correct? Selected Answer: Such an inflammation may result in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium of the fallopian tubes. • Question 36 1 out of 1 points A patient in the healthcare clinic reports fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea, as well as pale conjunctiva of the eyes and brittle, concave nails. What assessment by the healthcare professional A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who was rewarmed after suffering from hypothermia. What possible long-term complication will the professional continue to assess the patient for? Selected Answer: Dysrhythmias • Question 48 1 out of 1 points Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain? Selected Answer: Gate control theory (GCT) • Question 49 1 out of 1 points In the majority of children experiencing delayed puberty, what is the problem caused by? Selected Answer: Physiologic delays in maturation • Question 50 1 out of 1 points Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells? Selected Answer: Natural killer (NK) cells • Question 51 1 out of 1 points What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children? Selected Answer: Down syndrome • Question 52 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional had taught a pregnant woman about the risk of transmitting herpes simplex virus (HSV) from her to her fetus. What statement by the woman indicates the professional needs to provide more information? Selected Answer: The risk is higher in women who have a primary HSV infection. • Question 53 1 out of 1 points Which hospitalized patient does the healthcare professional assess as a priority for the development of delirium? Selected Answer: An elderly male on the second day after hip replacement • Question 54 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor to explain the jaundice that accompanies hemolytic anemia. Which statement is by the professor is most accurate? Selected Answer: Heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin. • Question 55 1 out of 1 points A severely malnourished patient is in the hospital to improve nutrition. On the second day, the patient reports palpitations and difficulty breathing. After placing the patient on a cardiac monitor, what action does the health care professional take next? Selected Answer: Have lab drawn for electrolyte levels. • Question 56 1 out of 1 points A child has iron deficiency anemia. In addition to iron supplements, what else does the healthcare professional educate the parents on giving the child? Selected Answer: Vitamin C • Question 57 1 out of 1 points A newborn baby displays jaundice 20 hours after birth. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Draw blood to measure total bilirubin. • Question 58 1 out of 1 points What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis? Selected Answer: Immune complexes • Question 59 1 out of 1 points A child has a disorder that resulted in the failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity. What treatment plan does the healthcare professional discuss with the parents? Selected Answer: Increasing vitamin D intake • Question 60 1 out of 1 points What diagnosis is given to parents when their infant's hip maintains contact with the acetabulum but is not well seated within the hip joint? Selected Answer: Subluxated hip • Question 61 0 out of 1 points Which patient finding would lead the health care professional to assess the patient for inflammatory joint disease? Selected Answer: Absence of synovial membrane inflammation • Question 62 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional suspects a patient is brain dead. How would the professional assess for brain death? Selected Answer: Remove the patient's ventilator to see if spontaneous breathing occurs. • Question 63 1 out of 1 points A child has scoliosis with a 40-degree curvature of the spine, and the parent is worried about pulmonary involvement. What statement by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: The lungs aren't affected until the curvature is over 80 degrees. 1 Selected Answer: Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon • Question 75 0 out of 1 points An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. The healthcare professional suspects a congenital heart disorder. What other assessment finding is inconsistent with the professional's knowledge about this disorder? Selected Answer: Active precordium • Question 76 0 out of 1 points An infant is brought to the emergency department by parents who report that the baby's fontanels seem to be bulging outward. What action by the healthcare provider is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Determine how much fluid the baby had in the last 24 hours. • Question 77 1 out of 1 points A person has abnormally severe tooth decay and erosion of the tooth enamel. What problem should the health care professional assess the person for? Selected Answer: Bulimia • Question 78 0 out of 1 points A person has a vascular anomaly associated with a congenital malformation of dermal capillaries and has been told this lesion does not fade with age. What treatment options can the healthcare professional discuss with this person? Selected Answer: Surgical excision • Question 79 1 out of 1 points How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus? Selected Answer: Predominately through infected cervical and secretions during the birth process • Question 80 0 out of 1 points A patient has damage to the lower pons and medulla. What finding does the healthcare professional associate with this injury? Selected Answer: Extension response of the upper and lower extremities • Question 81 1 out of 1 points The disruption in cellular adhesion observed in bullous impetigo is caused by an exfoliative toxin related to which organism? Selected Answer: Staphylococcus aureus • Question 82 1 out of 1 points A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, brown-colored urine and asks the healthcare professional to explain what causes it. What explanation by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Presence of red blood cells • Question 83 0 out of 1 points A man has balanitis. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Administer pain medication before retracting the foreskin. • Question 84 1 out of 1 points A woman diagnosed with trichomoniasis asks if her sexual partner should be treated as well. What is the appropriate response by the healthcare professional? Selected Answer: Sexual partners should be treated even if they are asymptomatic. • Question 85 1 out of 1 points Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? Selected Answer: Abnormal uterine bleeding • Question 86 1 out of 1 points Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma? Selected Answer: IgE • Question 87 1 out of 1 points A patient is in the Emergency Department with heat stroke. What finding does the healthcare provider associate with this condition? Selected Answer: Absence of sweating despite a high core temperature • Question 88 1 out of 1 points A mother reports that her young teens have voracious appetites. The healthcare professional would explain that which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty? Selected Answer: Leptin • Question 89 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is reviewing a patient's laboratory results and sees that the patient has a low reticulocyte count and a high iron level. Which type of anemia does the professional associate these findings with? Selected Answer: Hemolytic anemia • Question 90 1 out of 1 points An adult patient has been hospitalized with thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of 8000/mm 3. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Tell the patient not to get out of bed without assistance. • Question 91