Ophthalmics: A Comprehensive Guide to Eye Disorders and Their Treatments, Slides of Pharmacy

Download Ophthalmics: A Comprehensive Guide to Eye Disorders and Their Treatments and more Slides Pharmacy in PDF only on Docsity! Ophthalmics • Used to treat the eyes • Some disorders that affect the eyes: – CMV retinitis – Age-related macular degeneration – Chronic dry eye – Conjunctivitis Docsity.com Ophthalmic Agents Antibiotics • bacitracin • ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan, Cipro) • gatifloxacin (Zymar) • gentamicin (Gentak) • levofloxacin (Iquix) Drug List Docsity.com Ophthalmic Agents Corticosteroids • neomycin-polymyxin B-dexamethasone (Maxitrol) • sulfacetamide-prednisolone (Blephamide) • tobramycin-dexamethasone (TobraDex) Drug List Docsity.com Ophthalmic Agents Antifungal: • natamycin (Natacyn) Decongestant: • naphazoline (AK-Con, Vasocon, Naphcon A) Drug List Docsity.com Ophthalmic Agents Antivirals • fomivirsen (Vitravene) • trifluridine (Viroptic) Drug List Docsity.com Ophthalmic Agents NSAIDs • diclofenac (Voltaren) • flurbiprofen (Ocufen) • ketorolac (Acular) Drug List Docsity.com Ophthalmic Agents Others • cyclosporine (Restasis) • verteporfin (Visudyne) • vitamin C-vitamin E-zinc-beta carotene (Ocuvite PreserVision) Drug List Docsity.com CMV Retinitis • Inflammation of the retina caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) • Treated with antivirals Docsity.com AMD • Neither form causes pain • The cause in unknown • Age is the greatest risk factor Docsity.com AMD • Neither form causes pain • The cause in unknown • Age is the greatest risk factor • Wet AMD can be treated with surgery • Dry AMD does not have a treatment Docsity.com Chronic Dry Eye • Eye is unable to produce sufficient tears to lubricate and nourish the eye • Can be treated with Restasis Docsity.com olopatadine (Patanol) • Antihistamine used for allergic conjunctivitis Docsity.com Glaucoma • The most commonly occurring eye disease • No cure for this chronic disorder • Characterized by abnormally high internal eye pressure that destroys the optic nerve • Pressure is due to an imbalance with the aqueous humor Docsity.com Goals of Treatment for Glaucoma • Prompt reduction of intraocular pressure • Stabilization of eye status for corrective surgery • Gradual reduction of pressure • Long-term normalization • Prevention of optic nerve damage • Preservation of eyesight Docsity.com Glaucoma Agents Eyedrops • pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine) • timolol (Timoptic) • travoprost (Travatan) • unoprostone (Rescula) Oral Agent: • acetazolamide (Diamox) Drug List Docsity.com brimonidine (Alphagan P) • Lowers intraocular pressure by reducing fluid production and increasing outflow • Effectiveness may diminish over time Docsity.com latanoprost (Xalatan) • Slows production of aqueous humor • Increases drainage • Causes light-colored eyes to turn brown • Should be stored in the refrigerator Docsity.com Otic Agents Wax Dissolvers: • carbamide peroxide (Debrox) • triethanolamine polypeptide-oleate condensate (Cerumenex) Drug List Docsity.com Otics Dispensing Issues • Suspension should be used if – There are tubes in the ears – The eardrum is ruptured • Ophthlamics can be used in the ear and is a common practice (eardrops cannot be used in the eye) Warning! Docsity.com Otics Dispensing Issues • Be careful not to confuse eyedrops and eardrops • They look very similar Warning! Docsity.com