Project report for tour and tourism Management system, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Database Management Systems (DBMS)

Download Project report for tour and tourism Management system and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Database Management Systems (DBMS) in PDF only on Docsity! VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY JNANA SANGAMA,BELAGAVI - 590018 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM LABORATORY MINI-PROJECT REPORT ON “TRAVEL AND TOURISM” Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering In Computer Science & Engineering Submitted by Under the Guidance of Mr.Rajendra M Mrs.Deeksha Satish Asst.Professor Visiting Professor Atria Institute of Technology CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project entitled “TRAVEL AND TOURISM” has been successfully completed by xyz and Abc bearing USN 00 and 999 respectively. In partial fulfilment for the database management system laboratory with mini-project report [17CSL58] - V semester, B.E. Computer Science during 2019- 2020. Signature of the Guide 1 Signature of the Guide 2 Signature of HOD Prof. Rajendra M Prof. Deeksha Satish Dr. Aishwarya P EXTERNAL VIVA: (Names of Internal/External Examiners with Signature and Date) Examiner 1: Examiner 2: DECLARATION The Main objective of this Travel & Tourism project is to make the travel easy and comfortable for the users right from finding the routes and buses to till the booking of the tickets. In this project, we have two modules, Admin, and user. Admin in this Travel & Tourism Management System project will log in with the default username and password and admin has authority to add the bus routes and add the travel and assign the route id’s and bus id’s and finally, the admin will add the buses at particular times in different routes. Admin will also add different travel agencies while adding buses admin will fix the ticket price and the capacity of seats. TABLE OF CONTENT Certification Declaration Acknowledgement Abstract CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. ABOUT FRONT END 2.1 Architecture of front end user 2.1.1 Architecture and concept 2.2 Software and tools used 2.2.1 PHP 2.2.2 HTML 2.2.3 CSS 2.2.4 Java script 3. ABOUT BACK END 3.1 Mysql’s logical architecture 3.2 Software and tools used 3.2.1 Mysql 3.2.2 PHP 4. MINIMUM HARDWARE SPECIFICATION 4.1 Hardware requirements 4.2 Software requirements 5. CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS 5.1 Mission statement 5.2 Vision 5.3 Our portfolio of services include 5.4 Benefits of using our travel management system 6. CONCLUSION 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY 8. SCREENSHOT REFERENCES INTRODUCTION 1.1. Introduction to DBMS specified on an external schema into a request against conceptual schema and then into a request on an internal schema for processing over a stored database and the reverse should be done for retrieving the data. The process of transforming requests and results between levels are called mapping. NORMALIZATION A Database is a collection of interrelated data stored with a minimum of redundancy to serve many applications.The database design is used to group data into a number of tables and minimizes the artificiality embedded in using separate files. The tables are organized to: Reduced duplication of data. Simplify functions like adding, deleting, modifying data etc.., Retrieving data Clarity and ease of use More information at low cost Normalization is built around the concept of normal forms. A relation is said to be in a particular normal form if it satisfies a certain specified set of constraints on the kind of functional dependencies that could be associated with the relation. The normal forms are used to ensure that various types of anomalies and inconsistencies are not introduced into the database. First Normal Form: A relation R is in first normal form if and only if all underlying domains contained atomic values only. Second Normal Form: A relation R is said to be in second normal form if and only if it is in first normal form and every non-key attribute is fully dependent on the primary key. Third Normal Form: A relation R is said to be in third normal form if and only if it is in second normal form and every non key attribute is non transitively dependent on the primary key. SQL SERVER TABLES SQL Server stores records relating to each other in a table. Different tables are created for the various groups of information. Related tables are grouped together to form a database. PRIMARY KEY Every table in SQL Server has a field or a combination of fields that uniquely identifies each record in the table. The Unique identifier is called the Primary Key, or simply the Key. The primary key provides the means to distinguish one record from all other in a table. It allows the user and the database system to identify, locate and refer to one particular record in the database. RELATIONAL DATABASE Sometimes all the information of interest to a business operation can be stored in one table. SQL Server makes it very easy to link the data in multiple tables. Matching an employee to the department in which they work is one example. This is what makes SQL Server a relational database management system, or RDBMS. It stores data in two or more tables and enables you to define relationships between the table and enables you to define relationships between the tables. FOREIGN KEY When a field is one table matches the primary key of another field is referred to as a foreign key. A foreign key is a field or a group of fields in one table whose values match those of the primary key of another table. REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY Not only does SQL Server allow you to link multiple tables, it also maintains consistency between them. Ensuring that the data among related tables is correctly matched is referred to as maintaining referential integrity. Introduction to the project Travel and Tourism management system: This is an online project developed using Php and MySQL. The purpose of this project is to provide complete information about the vehicles available for a tour. There are 2 different types of users. First the customer visits the site and enters the place from where to where he wishes to travel. He also provides the date as when he would like to travel. Then he sends these details to the travel and tourism agency. The employee of travel and tourism agency receives the mail and check which vehicle is available for that day and reverts back to the customer along with the quotation. If the customer agrees for any one of the quotation, he can reply back along with agreed quotation. Then the agency will take down all the details of the customer and will send a confirmation message to the customer. On the day of the tour, the customer first must show the confirmation message to the driver for clarity and only then he will agree to drive after looking at the confirmation message. This software is user friendly and helps in finding the vehicle sooner rather than wandering manually everywhere to find for vehicles. Before the tour starts, half payment has to be done. After the customer returns or reaches his final destination, he must pay full amount either through cash or through cards. After the travelling the customer can come back to the site and enter his feedback about the travel and tourism agency. If any good feedback will be taken positively and if any negative feedback too will be taken positively and try to improve what had lacked. The report is also generated periodically and the database will be cleared according to the time span for faster performance. Travel and Tourism sample code is available in the below link directed. If you would like to purchase the exact code,, mail us. A quotation will be sent. A complete support will be provided by our team to you after the purchase. The Travel Management System team is currently developing and implementing an enterprise-wide travel system to replace the TAPS system. This system will be used for all Indiana University faculty, staff, and students to submit travel authorization documents and initiate reimbursement requests. The new system will allow for the automation of travel approvals and processing of reimbursement requests. Benefits: 1. Faster processing time and more accurate data for travel requests and reimbursements 2. Ability for travelers to track authorization and reimbursement request status through the system rather than via phone calls or campus mail 3. Major technological upgrades to the current travel system 4. Use of IU's standardized, virtual J2EE environments 5. Many new features and enhancements ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM: Users of this application can post their opinions, complaints and suggestions regarding this portal and services to the administrator. Accordingly, the administrator can take various steps to act on the complaints and suggestions. 1.6 OBJECTIVE: The objective of the Travel and Tourism Management System project is to develop a system that automates the processes and activities of a travel and the purpose is to design a system using which one can perform all operations related to traveling. 2. About Front End: The front end is an interface between the user and the back end. The front and back ends may be distributed amongst one or more systems. In network computing , front end can refer to any hardware that optimizes or protects network traffic. It is called application front-end hardware because it is placed on the network's outward-facing front end or boundary. Network traffic passes through the front-end hardware before entering the network. In compilers , the front end translates a computer programming source code into an intermediate representation, and the back end works with the intermediate representation to produce code in a computer output language. The back end usually optimizes to produce code that runs faster. The front-end/back-end distinction can separate the parser section that deals with source code and the back end that generates code and optimizes . Most of everything you see on any website is a mixture of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, which are all controlled by the browser. For example, if you’re using Google Chrome or Firefox, the browser is what translates all of the code in a manner for you to see and with which to interact, such as fonts, colors, drop-down menus, sliders, forms, etc. In order for all of this to work, though, there has to be something to support the front-end; this is where the backend comes into play. 2.1 Architecture of Front End user: 2.1.1 Architecture and Concepts The query cache plugin is implemented as a PHP extension. It is written in C and operates under the hood of PHP. During the startup of the PHP interpreter, it gets registered as a mysqlnd plugin to replace selected mysqlnd C methods. Hereby, it can change the behaviour of any PHP MySQL extension (mysqli , PDO_MYSQL , mysql ) compiled to use the mysqlnd library without changing the extensions API. This makes the plugin compatible with each and every PHP MySQL application. Because existing APIs are not changed, it is almost transparent to use. Please, see the mysqlnd plugin API description for a discussion of the advantages of the plugin architecture and a comparison with proxy based solutions. 2.2 Software & Tools Used: 1. PHP:- 2.2.1 Introduction to PHP: PHP is now officially known as “PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor”. It is a server-side scripting language usually written in an HTML context. Unlike an ordinary HTML page, a PHP script is not sent directly to a client by the server; instead, it is parsed by the PHP binary or module, which is server-side installed. HTML elements in the script are left alone, but PHP code is interpreted and executed. PHP code in a script can query databases, create images, read and write files, talk to remote servers – the possibilities is endless. The output from PHP code is combined with the HTML in the script and the result sent to the user’s web-browser, therefore it can never tell the user whether the web- server uses PHP or not, because the entire browser sees is HTML. PHP’s support for Apache and MySQL further increases its popularity. Apache is now the most-used web-server in the world, and PHP can be compiled as an Apache module. MySQL is a powerful free SQL database, and PHP provides a comprehensive set of functions for working with it. The combination of Apache, MySQL and PHP is all but unbeatable. Reasons for using PHP As an open source product, PHP is well supported by a talented production team and a committed user community. Furthermore, PHP can be run on all the major operating systems with most servers. a)Learning PHP is easy Basic is easy any interpreted language should be easy to learn. Since you are isolated from the system (no pointers to use, no memory to allocate). The other advantage that all modern interpreted languages share is good associative array constructs. b)Its Performance While we can build an application that serves millions of pages a day on a server, when we really look at the performance of the language it sucks. Since PHP is designed around a single process model our ability to share data structures or connection pool resources is left to native code libraries. c) The low cost There are many languages which are available at very less cost. PHP being one of them. d) It’s Open Source, We can modify it It’s an open source project and they release patches often. You’re point is that the community is actively working out the bugs. Unfortunately C, C++ and Perl have all “died” at this point and will pretty much remain static at their current functionality. e) Its Portability different semantics. The key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the Self and Scheme programming languages. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object- oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles. JavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world. It is the language for HTML, for the Web, for computers, servers, laptops etc You can use JavaScript to: a)Change HTML elements b)Delete HTML elements c)Create new HTML elements d)Copy and clone HTML elements 3. About Back End: The back-end has three parts to it: server, application, and database. To better explain how all of this works, let’s use the example of a customer trying to purchase a plane ticket using a website. Everything that the customer sees on the webpage is the front-end, as we have explained before, but once that customer enters all of his or her information, such as their name, billing address, destination, etc, the web application stores the information in a database that was created previously on the server in which the website is calling for information. The web application creates, deletes, changes, renames, etc items in the database. For example, when a customer purchases a ticket, that creates an item in the database, but when they have a change in their order or they wish to cancel, the item in the database is changed. .In short, when a customer wants to buy a ticket, the backend operation is the web application communicating with the server to make a change in a database stored on said server. Technologies like PHP, Ruby, Python, and others are the ones backend programmers use to make this communication work smoothly, allowing the customer to purchase his or her ticket with ease. 3.1 MySQL’s Logical Architecture The topmost layer contains the services that aren’t unique to MySQL. They’re services most network-based client/server tools or servers need: connection handling, authentication, security, and so forth. The third layer contains the storage engines. They are responsible for storing and retrieving all data stored “in” MySQL. Like the various filesystems available for GNU/Linux, each storage engine has its own benefits and drawbacks. The server communicates with them through the storage engine API. This interface hides differences between storage engines and makes them largely transparent at the query layer. The API contains a couple of dozen low-level functions that perform operations such as “begin a transaction” or “fetch the row that has this primary key.” The storage engines don’t parse SQL[4] or communicate with each other; they simply respond to requests from the server. 3.2 Softwares and tools used: 3.2.1 My Sql: Introduction: Banks, universities, and libraries are three examples of organizations that depend heavily on some sort of database system. On the Internet, search engines, online shopping, and even the website naming convention would be impossible without the use of a database. A database that is implemented and interfaced on a computer is often termed a database server. One of the fastest SQL (Structured Query Language) database servers currently on the market is the MySQL server, developed by T.c.X. DataKonsultAB. MySQL, available for download at www.mysql.com, offers the database programmer with an array of options and capabilities rarely seen in other database servers. MySQL is free of charge for those wishing to use it for private and commercial use. Those wishing to develop applications specifically using MySQL should consult MySQL's licensing section, as there is charge for licensing the product. These capabilities range across a number of topics, including the following: a) Ability to handle an unlimited number of simultaneous users. b) Capacity to handle 50,000,000+ records. c) Very fast command execution, perhaps the fastest to be found on the market. d) Easy and efficient user privilege system. However, perhaps the most interesting characteristic of all is the fact that it's free. That's right, T.c.X offers MySQL as a free product to the general public. Reasons to Use MySQL a) Scalability and Flexibility The MySQL database server provides the ultimate in scalability, sporting the capacity to handle deeply embedded applications with a footprint of only 1MB to running massive data warehouses holding terabytes of information. Platform flexibility is a stalwart feature of MySQL with all flavors of Linux, UNIX, and Windows being supported. b) High Performance A unique storage-engine architecture allows database professionals to configure the MySQL database server specifically for particular applications, with the end result being amazing performance results. c)High Availability Rock-solid reliability and constant availability are hallmarks of MySQL, with customers relying on MySQL to guarantee around-the-clock uptime. MySQL offers a variety of high-availability options from high-speed master/slave replication configurations, to specialized Cluster servers offering instant failover, to third party vendors offering unique high-availability solutions for the MySQL database server. d) Robust Transactional Support MySQL offers one of the most powerful transactional database engines on the market. Features include complete ACID (atomic, consistent, isolated, durable) transaction support, unlimited row-level locking, distributed transaction capability, and multi-version transaction support where readers never block writers and vice-versa. e) Web and Data Warehouse Strengths MySQL is the de-facto standard for high-traffic web sites because of its high- performance query engine, tremendously fast data inserts capability, and strong support for specialized web functions like fast full text searches f) Strong Data Protection Because guarding the data assets of corporations is the number one job of database professionals, MySQL offers exceptional security features that ensure absolute data protection. In terms of database authentication, MySQL provides powerful mechanisms software .The design task produces a data design, an architectural design, an interface design and component design. The design of an information system produces the details that clearly describe how a system will meet the requirements identified during system analysis. The system design process is not a step by step adherence of clear procedures and guidelines. When I started working on system design, I face different types of problems; many of these are due to constraints imposed by the user or limitations of hardware and software available. Sometimes it was quite difficult to enumerate that complexity of the problems and solutions thereof since the variety of likely problems is so great and no solutions are exactly similar however the following consideration I kept in mind during design phased. 5.1 Mission Statement Our mission is to be the leading and most dependable travel management company in the world that sets the standard for professionalism and reliability to its customers. 5.2 Vision We strive to be the best that we can be, with integrity, initiative and dependability. That is the UNIGLOBE Way. 5.3 Our portfolio of services includes: ● Air ticket reservation for International and National routes ● In-house ticketing ● Pre-booked hotel reservations ● Meet and greet welcome service (airport service) ● VIP service ● Private security protection ● Transportation ● Vehicle hire ● Visa and immigration processing ● Complimentary enrollment in frequent flyer programs 5.4 Benefits of using our travel management services: ● Integrated travel agents directly located in your company’s office ● Instant ticket reservation and ticket issuing ● Electronic booking system ; IATA approved ● State of the art technology ● Dedicated and professional staff; Personalized service ● Dedicated account manager to handle your company’s travel needs ● Quality control through expatriate management team ● Travel planning and budgeting ● One stop shop for all travel arrangements ● Corporate arrangements with airlines ● Attractive fares for all major airlines CONCLUSION To conclude the description of the project : The project, developed using PHP and MySQL is based on the requirement specification of the user and the analysis of the existing system, with flexibility for future enhancements. The expanded functionality of today’s software requires an appropriate approach towards software development. This hostel management software is designed for people who want to manage various activities in the hostel. For the past few years the number of educational institutions are increasing rapidly. Thereby the number of hostels are also increasing for the accommodation of the students studying in this institution. And hence there is a lot of strain on the person who are running the hostel and software’s are not usually used in this context. This particular project deals with the problems on managing a hostel and avoids the problems which occur when carried manually. Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of computerized system that will be compatible to the existing system with the system which is more user friendly and more GUI oriented. BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Fundamentals of Database Systems, Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. 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