Reinforced Concrete Terminology, Exams of Engineering

Download Reinforced Concrete Terminology and more Exams Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! Reinforced Concrete Design WITH ANSWERS ALL BUNDLED TO BOOST AND EASE YOUR STUDY/ 2024 EDITION/ ALREADY GRADED A+ reinforced concrete - ANSWER Concrete in which steel reinforcement is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces. Also called beton arme,ferro concrete Reinforcement - ANSWER System of steel bars, strength or wires for absorbing stensile, shearing and sometimes the compressive stresses in a concrete member or structure Reinforcing bar - ANSWER Steel bar for enforcing concrete, usually specified by the number equivalent to its diameter in eight of an inch. Also called rebar Deform bar - ANSWER Reinforcing bar hot rolled with surface deformations to develop greater bond with concrete Tension reinforcement - ANSWER Rainforcement designed to absorb tensile stresses Compression reinforcement - ANSWER Reinforcement designed to absorb compressive stresses Effective depth - ANSWER The depth of concrete section measured from compression face to the centroid of the tension reinforcement Bar spacing - ANSWER The center to center spacing of parallel reinforcing bar, resulting clear distance between the bar being regula ted by bar diameter, maximum size of coarse aggregate, and thickness of the concrete section Cover - ANSWER The amount of concrete required to protect steel reinforcement from fire and corrosion, measured from surface to the reinforcement to the outer surface of the concrete section Bond - ANSWER The adhesion between two substances such as concrete and reinforcing bars bond stress - ANSWER The adhesive force per unit area of contact between the rain forcing bar in the surrounding concrete developed at any section of a flexural a member Plain concrete - ANSWER Concrete having no enforcement or reinforced only for drying shrinkage or thermal stresses Ferrocement - ANSWER Constructed of cement and mortar over a wire mesh that has been pre shape over a mold Cracked section - ANSWER Concrete section design or analyzed on the assumption that concrete has no resistance to tensile stresses Cracking load - ANSWER The load that causes the tensile stresses in a concrete member to exceed the tensile strength of the concrete Effective area of concrete - ANSWER The area of a concrete section between the compression face in the centroid of the tension reinforcement Effective area of reinforcement - ANSWER The product of the right cross sectional area of reinforcement in the cosine of the angle between the direction in the direction for which its effectiveness is considered percentage reinforcement - ANSWER The ratio of effective area of reinforcement effective area of concrete at any section of a reinforced concrete member, expressed as a percentage Embedment length - ANSWER the length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section for Anchorage stirrup - ANSWER Any of the u-shaped or closed loop bars place perpendicular longitudinal reinforcement of a concrete beam to resist the vertical component of diagonal tension tied column - ANSWER Concrete column reinforce with vertical bar when individual at lateral ties .lateral ties should have a diameter of a least 3 / 8 inch or 9.5 mm. Space apart not over 48 by diameters, 16 bars diameters, or the least Dimension of the column section. Each corner in alternate longitudinal bars should be laterally supported by the bend of a tie having an included angle of not more than 135 degrees with with no bar being more than 6 in. or 152 mm clear from such a supported bar Top bar - ANSWER Any of the longitudinal bar serving attention reinforcement in the section of the concrete beam or slab subject to a negative moment Bottom bar - ANSWER Any of the longitudinal bar serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete beam or slab subject to a positive moment spiral column - ANSWER a concrete column with the spiral rainforcement and closing is circular core reinforced with vertical bars reinforced concrete beam - ANSWER Concrete beam design to act together with longitudinal and web reinforcement in resisting applied forces Longitudinal reinforcement - ANSWER Reinforcement essentially parallel to the horizontal surface of a slab or to the long axis of the concrete beam or column deep beam - ANSWER Reinforced concrete beam having a depth to span ratio greater than 2: 5 for continuous span or 4:5 simple spans subject to nonlinear distribution of stress in lateral back clean T beam - ANSWER Monolithic reinforced concrete constructed in which a portion of a slab on each side of beam acts as a flange in resisting compressive stresses and the portion of the beam projecting below the slab serves as a web or stem in the system bending and shear stresses Reinforced concrete column - ANSWER Concrete column designed to act together with vertical and lateral reinforcements interesting applied for forces Reinforced concrete column - ANSWER Constituting the principle supports over floor or roof should have minimum diameter of 10 inches or 254 mm. If rectangular in section a minimum thickness of 8 inches or 203mm in a minimum gross area of 96 square inches or 61935 sq mm Lateral reinforcement - ANSWER Spiraled enforcement or lateral ties place in a concrete column to laterally restrain the vertical reinforcement and prevent buckling Spiral reinforcement - ANSWER Lateral reinforcement consisting of an evenly spaced continuous spiral head firmly in the place by vertical spacer Spiral reinforcement - ANSWER Should have a diameter of at least 3/8 in 35 mm 1 1/2 times the size of the coarse aggregate Compound column - ANSWER Is structural steel column in case in concrete at least 2 1/2 inch for 64 mm thick reinforced with wire mesh Composite column - ANSWER Structural steel sections are only in case in concrete reinforced with both vertical and spiral reinforcement reinforced concrete slab - ANSWER rigid planar structure of concrete designed to act together with principal and secondary reinforcement in resisting applied forces One way slab - ANSWER Concrete slab of uniform thickness reinforced in one direction in case integrally with parallel supporting beam One way slab - ANSWER Are suitable only for relatively short span beam an girder slab - ANSWER One way slab supporting by secondary beams which in turn are supported by primary beams or girder ribbed slabs - ANSWER Reinforced concrete slab cast integrally with a series of closely spaced joists which in turn are supported by a parallel set of beams ribbed slabs - ANSWER Are designed as a series of parallel t-beams are economical for medium saucepan with the light to medium live loads. Also called joist slab Two way slab - ANSWER Concrete slab of uniform thickness being forced into direction and gas integrally with supporting edge beam or bearing wall on four sides two way slab - ANSWER Economicaly to medium span with intermediate to heavy loads Continuous slab - ANSWER Reinforced concrete slab extending as a structural unit of three or more supports in a given direction Continuous slab - ANSWER Is subjected to lower bending moment than a serious of discrete simply supported slabs Principal reinforcement - ANSWER Reinforcement designed to absorb the stresses from applied loads and moments Shrinkage reinforcement - ANSWER rainforcement placed perpendicular to the principal reinforcement in a one way slab to absorb it stresses resulting from shrinkage or changes in temperature. Also called temperature rainforcement Topping - ANSWER a thin layer of high quality concrete place over concrete base to form a floor surface Bonding layer - ANSWER A thin layer of mortar spread on a moistened in prepared existing concrete surface prior to laying a new concrete slab Distribution rib - ANSWER rib formed perpendicular to the joist of ribbed slab to distribute possible load concentrations over a larger area, one required for span between 2o-30 ftor 6 to 9 meters in 2/4 bands / 30 ft joist band - ANSWER Broad shallow supporting beam for a ribbed slabs that is economical to form since it depth is the same as t Joist Prestress - ANSWER Introduce internally stresses three concrete member in order to counteract the stresses that will result from an applied load Pretension - ANSWER Prestressed concrete member by tensioning the reinforcing tendons before the concrete is cast. The tendons are first rest between two abutments until the predetermined tensile force is developed. Concrete is Dan can inform work around the tendons and fully cured, finally, the tendons are cut, in the tensile stress in the tendon are transferred to the concrete through bond stresses Topping - ANSWER Layer of reinforced concrete cast to form a composite structural unit with a precast concrete floor or roof deck Strand - ANSWER People compose of high strength steel wire twisted about a core tendons - ANSWER High strength steel strand or bar or replacing concrete Casting bed - ANSWER Long horizontal slab on which a number of pre-tension concrete members may be prestressed, form in case simultaneously Single Tee - ANSWER precast ,prestressed concrete slab having a broad ,T shaped cross section double tee - ANSWER precast,prestressed concrete slab having two stamps in a broad cross section resembling the capital letter TT inverse tee - ANSWER precast ,prestressed ledger been having a cross section resembling the capital letter T L beam - ANSWER precast,prestressed ledger being having a cross section resembling the capital letter L Ledger beam - ANSWER Reinforced concrete beam having projecting ledges for receiving the end of joist slab abutment - ANSWER structure for anchoring the reinforcing tendons in the pretension over concrete member anchor - ANSWER Mechanical device for locking a stress tendons in position in delivering the prestressing force to the concrete either permanently in a post tension member or temporary during hardening of pretension concrete member. Also called Anchorage Jacking force - ANSWER tensile force exerted temporally by a jack in the pre stressing over concrete member jack - ANSWER Hydraulic device for stretching in stressing tendons in the prestressing over concrete members Initial prestress - ANSWER The tensile force in the rain forcing tendons transferred to a concrete members at the time of stressing Loss of prestress - ANSWER Reduction in initial prestress resulting from the combined effect of creep . Shrinkage or elastic shortening of the concrete, relaxation of the rainforest in steel, friction losses resulting from the curvature of repentance, and slipping at the Anchorage final prestress - ANSWER The internal stress that exist in the prestressed concrete member after all losses in pre stress have occurred Effective prestressed - ANSWER Final prestress in a prestressed concrete member, including the effect of the weight of the member but excluding the effect of any superimpose load partial prestressing - ANSWER Prestressing of the concrete member to a level of stress such that nominal tensile stresses exist at design or service load Load balancing - ANSWER The concept of prestressing concrete member with that drape tendons, theoretically resulting in a state of zero deflection under a given loading condition Post tension - ANSWER Prestressed concrete member by tensioning and reinforcing tendons after the concrete has set. unstressed tendons are placed in the sheaths before concrete is cast in form work around the tubes. After the concrete has cured, the tendons are clamp on one end and jack against the concrete on the other end until the required force is developed . the tendons are then anchored on the jacking end snd the jack removed bonded posttensioning - ANSWER posttensioning in which the reinforcing tendons are bonded to the surrounding concrete by injecting grout into the annular spaces around the stands Unbonded posttensioning - ANSWER Post tensioning in which the analyst station around the reinforcing tendons are not grouted, allowing the tendons to move relatively to the surrounding concrete sheath - ANSWER a tube for encasing tendons in a post tension member to prevent their bonding to the concrete during placement Pre post tension - ANSWER Prestressed concrete member by pretensioning some of the tendons and postentioning others Concentric tendon - ANSWER a tendons having a trjectory coincident with the centroidal axis of a prestressed concrete member. When tension the tendons produces a uniformly distributed compressive stress across the section that counteracts the tension stress from bending eccentric tendon - ANSWER tendon having a trajectory not coincident with the cebtroidal axis of prestressed concrete member. When tension, the tendon producers in a eccentric prestressing force that reduces the compressive stress across the section to that Produced by behind alone draped tendon - ANSWER Post tensioning tendon havin a parabolic trajectory that Mirrors the moment diagram of a uniformly distributed gravity load. When tension, the tendon produces a variable eccentricity that respond to the variation in applied bending moment along the length of the member Depressed tendon - ANSWER Pretensioning tendon thay Approximate the curve of a drapef tendon with straight line segments, use in the pretensioning process since the prestressing force does not allow for draing the tendon