School Nurse Certification Exam (NBCSN - unofficial), Exams of Nursing

Download School Nurse Certification Exam (NBCSN - unofficial) and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! SCHOOL NURSE CERTIFICATION EXAM (NBCSN - UNOFFICIAL) What is the first sign of puberty in females? Breast development approx age 10 (7-13), about 3 years to develop When does Menses begin? ages 8-16 first is irregular and w/o ovulation What is FSH? What does it do in females? FSH - follicle stimulating hormone Females - stimulates ovarian development and estrogen production. What is FSH? What does it do in males? FSH - follicle stimulating hormone males - develops tubes in testes --> spermatogenesis & fertility What age does penis reach adult size? 17 What age does sperm emission start? age 13 What is the first sign of puberty in males, and around what age? Testicular enlargement - around age 11-15 What is LH? Luteninizing hormone (LH) What does LH do? stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells (testicular enlargement) Does sperm emission happen before or after pubic hair development and growth spurt Before Role of Pituitary gland in puberty Releases Luteninizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Role of Hypothalamus in puberty produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone. starts the process. this tells the Pituitary gland to start Define Puberty the physical changes to the body due to hormone activity as per the Tanner Scale What is the Tanner Scale The hormone activity which produces secondary sex characteristics. 13-19 Developmental Tasks - Physical (2 major answers) - Rapid period of growth, completes physical growth - May appear clumsy while adjusting Young males and breast growth Some kids may have growth and tenderness. Will resolve as testosterone level increase. ASSURE child this is normal When does growth spurt start and stop for males? 2 years after girls increases until age 20 When does growth spurt start and stop for females? during puberty finished 2 years after menarche What are secondary sex characteristics for males? Dental Caries Health promotion for teens internet safety (sexting, cyberbullying) attention to body hygiene, self-care pregnancy STI focus on personal responsibility for health Methods to talk to teens motivational interviewing active listening open-ended questions remain nonjudgmental obtain health-related information maintain privacy, modesty Be alert for (when talking to teens) bullying/cyberbullying sexual harrassment/abuse dating violence human trafficking self-harm social determinants of health The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global, national, and local levels Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Traumatic events that occur in childhood that have a dose-response relationship to social and emotional problems High ACE Score risks increase... alcohol abuse depression heart disease suicide attempts smoking early sexual activity teen pregnancy poor academic outcome Pair of ACEs Adverse Childhood Experiences + Adverse Community Environments Biologic family born into Source Family legally and pragmatically functions as the biologic family Non-compliant parent - seek and understanding of the issues and rationales for their decision - assist family to overcome barriers Angry parent - let them vent, then refocus convo into an action - do not reciprocate with anger - assure your own safety - respect their feelings - give a copy of the policy or the name of person responsible for the policy Definition of family two or more people who consider themselves related by blood, marriage, or adoption and residing together. May also include those who "act" as parents or guardians Family Systems Theory view the family as a whole system that continually acts with its members and the environment How does the family system theory affect each member? a change for one results in a change for another Family dysfunction a result of interaction among members and is not caused by any one person % of children raised by grandparents 4% % of children raised by 2 parents 66% (2/3) % children living in one parent homes 23% What type of rules govern foster care? Guardianship/kinship care What type of rules govern rights of children and families? State Laws What type of rules supersede state laws? Tribal or federal laws Define homelessness living temporarily without a permanent address (includes living with friends or family) Homeless children are higher risk of: behavioral/emotional problems child abuse & neglect communicable diseases chronic absenteeism lower academics lower graduation rates McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act The primary piece of federal legislation dealing with the education of homeless children in public schools. What does M/V Act assure? FAPE (Free and appropriate education) How does a child indirectly see domestic violence in their home? Observe bruises, broken furniture, etc. How does a child indirectly HEAR domestic violence in their home? listening to a parent discuss it with someone else Issues seen at school in Children experiencing domestic violence fear depression developmental delays anxiety acting out problems learning and interacting with others Responsibility of school regarding immigrant children address language barriers Treatment to reduce disability from disease - adaptions in the school to promote inclusion - supportive care 5 key principles of NASN Framework for 21st century school nursing practice 1. Standards of Practice 2. Care Coordination 3. Leadership 4. Quality Improvement 5. Community/Public Health Where do we get standards of practice? Nasn's Scope & Standards of Practice Nurse Practice Acts NASN Position statements clinical competence with evidence-based practice Components of Quality Improvement documentation data collection performance appraisal research What is the WSCC model? Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child - School Health Services is a component How is academic achievement defined by WSCC? academic performance education behaviors cognitive skills and attitudes 10 Components of WSCC Model Health Education PE and Activity Nutrition services Health services Counseling Social & Emotional Climate Physical Environment Employee Wellness Family engagement Community Involvement Nursing Process Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation 3 Focuses of school health programs - wellness - health promotion - disease prevention What do school nurses do? - identify health needs - deliver services - refer students to other professionals in community Define health promotion activities directed toward increasing level of well-being and actualizing the health potential Goal of early detection - earlier intervention - improved outcomes Role of school nurse re: immunizations - audit new students - assist in getting immunizations - recommend exclusion of unprotected students Is immunization compliance increasing or decreasing? DECREASING Role of the School Nurse with parent to resists immunizations - dispel fears and address myths - provide health education materials - promote the principle of herd immunity to protect the most vulnerable by having the majority protected when can the deltoid be used for injections? when enough muscle mass What muscle should never be used for vaccines? dorsogluteal buttock site 7 rights of vaccines - right patient - right vaccine - right time (correct age) - right dose - right interval - right route (including correct needle & technique) - right site - right documentation How are live vaccines created? by attenuating (altering by heat or chemicals) the pathogen that causes the disease (ex: MMR) Risk of live vaccines cause a modified, typically weaker, form of the disease How are inactivated vaccines made? Grown in a lab then killed or inactivated - cannot cause disease - therefore need boosters ex: Dtap, Polio Example of vaccines from recombinant DNA technology - Hep B - HiB - pneumococcal - meningococcal What do additives in vaccines do? prevent bacterial growth holds antigen in tissue longer to prolong immune response What food allergy can cause issues with vaccines? Chicken eggs - some additives are grown in chicken eggs What preservative was removed from vaccines and why? Thimerosal - a mercury preservative - possible links to neurodevelopmental deficits What system is affected by Diphtheria? Complications? Bacteria that grows in Respiratory tract respiratory Tract Complications: renal, cardiac, CNS Damage where does tetanus travel to? Symptoms? exotoxin goes To nerves Voluntary muscle contraction, rigidity, painful paroxysmal seizures. Starts as Trismus (lockjaw) and difficulty swallowing Complications of tetanus Laryngospasm, respiratory distress, intramuscular hemorrhage, death How is tetanus transmitted? Through organism entering through open skin, often through soil or exposure to rust Guidelines for tetanus vaccine after penetrating wound - If wound is clean, 1st series completed and booster w/in 5 years - just clean wound - If wound is contaminated, 1st series completed and booster > 5 years ago, Toxoid (Td) is given - If wound is dirty, 1st series incomplete - give toxoid AND Tetanus immune serum globulin Define passive immunity the short-term immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies from another person or animal. How is pertussis transmitted? respiratory droplets Complications of pertussis infants and children: pneumonia, convulsions, apnea, encephalopathy, death teens/adults: weight loss, loss of bladder control, passing out, rib fractures Schedule for DTaP 2, 4, 6, 15-18 months and between 4-6 years Contraindication for pertussis vaccine an active neurologic condition ie: seizures When will you see side effects of Dtap? w/in 72 hours. fever, irritability, site pain somnolence, loss of appetite Another name for M, M, & R Measles (Rubeola) Mumps (Parotitis) Rubella (German Measles) How are MMR spread? by respiratory drops Symptoms of congenital rubella -miscarriage -defects -cardiac abnormalities -ocular lesions -deafness - intellectual disability - growth retardation Schedule for MMR vaccine 2 doses; between 12-15 months, between 4-6 years Must be distanced by 4 weeks Why isn't oral polio vaccine given anymore? disease was contracted by immunocompromised people who handled the feces of vaccinated infants Is IPV a live vaccine? No. It is a trivalent enhanced inactivated (killed) vaccine What is the difference between the nasal Flu vaccine and the Injected Flu vaccine? - Nasal is a live attenuated vaccine. Has been approved for > 24mos but usually > age 5. Can have a small case of the flu - Injected flu is inactivated. Recommended for all children & adults. When are hand sanitizers most effective? when alcohol solution is 60-95% alcohol What is recommended agent for cleaning up body fluids? Bleach - 1 park bleach to 10 parts water What do risk reduction programs do? - identify and correct deficient patterns of health care - thereby preventing an increase of the spread of disease and a decrease in risk-taking behaviors - Infection control is one part - Safety education is one part Goal for risk reduction programs - improved students' academic performance - contribute to their health and productivity outside the school environments Leading cause of death for ages 5-9 unintentional injury/accidents congenital anomalies homicide flu/pneumonia - NOT cancer Leading cause of death for ages 1-4 unintentional injury/accidents congenital anomalies homicide cancer flu/pneumonia Leading cause of death for ages 10-14 unintentional injury/accidents congenital anomalies homicide cancer SUICIDE Leading cause of death for ages 15-24 unintentional injury/accidents (MVA) homicide cancer SUICIDE HEART DISEASE What is resiliency Model? - Identify conditions that are common, have high morbidity, and have reliable interventions to resolve/diminish the effects of the condition Define incidence The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time. Define prevalence The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time. Define reliability consistency of measurement, getting the same results each time Define validity the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to Is most of the health history objective or subjective? Subjective Problem with temporal artery thermometer may underestimate febrile patients Which thermometer is the most reflective of core temp, but what are issues? Ear thermoms (tympanic) - affected by ear wax Which methods of temperature have the poorest correlation with core body temp? Axillary and Plastic strips Define PMI and state what the acronym stands for. Point of Maximal Impulse - best place to hear a heartbeat midclavicular line, 4th or 5th space Normal heart rate for preschoolers and young elementary 90-120 Normal heart rate for ages 8-15 84-104 Normal heart rate for older than 15 girls 77-97 boys 74-94 Signs of decreased cardiac output - weak pulse - tachycardia - cyanosis - tachypnea - decreased activity Normal respiratory rate age 3-7 20-25 Normal respiratory rate age 8-11 20-23 Normal respiratory rate age 12 and older 18-22 What is the result of using a BP cuff too small? reading will be higher than it should be Does BP increase or decrease with age? increase Signs of hypertension headache, bounding pulse, flushing Signs of hypotension weak pulse, diaphoresis, pallor, dizziness Is a decrease in BP a early or late sign of shock in children? LATE Define FLACC pain scale - used for non-verbal children - Face (expression) - Legs (normal, relaxed, tense, kicking) - Activity (quiet, squirming) - Crying - Consolability What age is the numeric pain scale appropriate for? Age 8 and up What is a stadiometer? a permanent vertical measure attached the wall What points should be touching the wall for height measurement? heels, butt, shoulders and head When might growth hormone therapy be indicated? If below 10th percentile and/or nearing closure of the growth plate When is further evaluation regarding student's weight be indicated? When a kid cross over percentiles in a short period of time rather than consistently stays at the same percentage. Normal weight for BMI 5-84th% (18.5-29.9) What is obese BMI for children? >95th % What is underweight BMI for children? < 5% What are nutritious recommendations? 3 meals/day, + 2 snacks What does Acanthosis Nigricans indicate? 1) Long-standing --> Benign --> Diabetes/insulin resistance 2) Suddenly appearing --> Malignant --> GI or GU carcinoma What is ptosis? drooping eyelid - may indicate paralysis of oculomotor cranial nerve What does the lacrimal gland do? produces tears What is the ciliary body? The ciliary body is an anterior thickening of the middle layer containing muscles which control the shape of the lens, movement of the iris and serves as a point of attachment for suspensory ligaments of the lens. What is ciliary reflex? mnemonic AEIOU-TIPS for assessing altered mental status - acidosis / alcohol - epilepsy - infection - overdose - uremia - trauma - tumor - insulin - psychosis - stroke Moderate dehydration symptoms Skin color: gray Skin Tugor: tenting Mucous membranes: very dry Urine ouput: oliguria (<400mL/day) BP may be decreased, Tachycardia Capillary refill: 2-3 sec Fonatels: sunken - Altered LOC What is the most common gynecologic problem of children? Vulvovaginits In the Incident Command System (ICS), a manageable span of control includes how many people? 3-7 persons What is the leading cause of traumatic brain injury? Falls What component of Incident Command System handles supplies, facilities, food, communications? Logistics What are the two components of consciousness? arousal (state of wakefulness) and awareness (the content and quality of interactions with environment) What are the ratings of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and outcome of Acute Traumatic Brain Injury? Severe = GCS 3 - 8.  Moderate = GCS 9 - 12.  Mild = GCS 13 - 15 The Glasgow Coma Scale measures the following functions: Eye Opening (E) 1-4 Verbal Response (V) 1-5 Motor Response (M) 1-6 sensorineal hearing loss hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness - can be caused my brain infections What areas of the body are "critical burns areas" Respiratory tract hands feet genitalia What is the CRAFFT screening test for? Adolescent substances abuse.  have you ever... been in a Car while high used drugs to relax alone forgot anything while high,  family for friends said you have a problem gotten into trouble.  Yes to 2 answers is a problem. What is sequestration syndrome? A complication of sickle cell anemia. - Rapid pooling of blood in the spleen - results in a drop of blood volume & hematocrit May present w/ abdominal fullness, L upper quad pain, thirst, pallor, tachycardia, cardiac collapse What is primary triage? Performed immediately by the first EMS responders on the scene What is secondary triage? The 2nd assessment of the pt, when they arrive at the treatment area Define 1st degree sprain no joint instability, minimal swelling or hemorrhage Define 2nd degree sprain intact joint with increased swelling and ecchymosis Define 3rd degree sprain total disruption of the ligaments, possible nerve or vascular compromise What is a primary cause of altered mental status? Hemorrhage within the brain brain tumor or abscess hydrocephalus brain infection degenerative brain disease direct trauma to the brain What is the common age for Rheumatic Fever? ages 6-15. Goal is to prevent reoccurrence. Define pustule elevated, erythematous lesion, usually containing purulent exudate less than 1 cm in size (e.g. erythema toxicum neonatorum, acne). Define vesicle Elevated, circumscribed lesion < 5 mm containing clear fluid (small blister). e.g. chickenpox, genital herpes Vesicle: a circumscribed, elevated, fluid-filled lesion up to 1 cm in size (e.g. herpes simplex). Define bulla elevated cavity containing free fluid larger than 1 cm in diameter (blister) From 7 days before to 5-7 days after the rash appears What behaviors would you see in a child victim of sexual abuse? - regression - heightened anxiety - increased isolation - sleep disturbances What are characteristics of Pertussis's catarrhal stage? - mild cough - coryza (stuffy, runny nose) - sneezing - low-grade fever Most infectious stage What are characteristics of Pertussis's paroxysmal stage? After the contagious & catarrhal stages, Coughing symptoms are more severe, but most of the nasal symptoms ease What does the Convergence test measure? Measure of both the extraocular muscles and the accommodative itself which anxiety disorder is the most common? specific phobias Which anxiety disorder is equally prevalent in males & females? Obsessive-compulsive disorder Describe the chain of infection refers to six links that make up the chain: 1. the causative agent (the source/the disease) 2. reservoir (where the organism maintains its presence) 3. portal of exit from reservoir, 4. method mode of transmission (contact, droplet, airborne, vehicle born, vector born) 5. portal of entry to 6. susceptible host, host response. What are several characteristics that affect the susceptibility of a host? - age - disease history - nutritional status - compromised immune system - trauma What % of of children have some type of learning disability? 8-10% When did the US begin enacting laws re: SPED? 1960's (1965 - Elementary & Sec Education act) Define compensatory education Special School programs for kids who have previously have been deprived of educational opportunities. (like Head Start) Three symptoms of ADHD inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity What are nonexperimental (descriptive) design research projects? to describe and explain phenomena or relationships among phenomena. What are two examples of nonexperimental design research? - surveys - case studies What are components of a experimental research design? - hypothesis - control group - dependent variable What does IS PATH WARM stand for? I- Ideation S- Substance use P- Purposelessness A- Anxiety/agitation T- Trapped H- Hopelessness/helplessness W- Withdrawal A- Anger R- Recklessness M- Mood changes 6 provisions in HIPAA? - general rules - administrative provisions - physical safeguards - technical safeguards - organizational requirements - policies & procedures & documentation requirements Define battery touching a person's body without his or her consent Define assault threat of harm What is the communitarian theory? emphasizes the interest of communities and societies over those of the individual What is the "theory of care"? emphasizes the importance of responsibility, concern and relationship over consequences or rules What is Kantian Ethics? -Emphasis on duty or obligation -Emphasis on the morality of the act rather than consequences -Never tell a lie -Focus is on the rightness or wrongness of intentions or motives What is the utilitarian approach? guided by what will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people A Partial thickness burn of 10-20% is considered what severity? Moderate Define superficial burn 1st degree erythema (redness) local pain no skin sloughing. Not included in TBSA calc of burned skin Define 2nd degree burn Increased cranial pressure (ICP) - Symptoms: n/v, HA Personality/behavior changes loss of balance and drowsiness increased blood pressure decreased pulse rate decreased resp rate seizures Late signs of increased ICP - Lowered LOC - Blurred visiion - papilledema - respiratory and cardiac arrest - Fixed and dilated pupils Treatment for ICP with a shunt - maintain in sitting up position - call EMS - avoiding increasing ICP (pain, fever, stress, crying, coughing and straining) Types of Cerebral Palsy Spastic - hypertonicity with poor control of posture, balance and coordinated motion, impairment of motor skills, altered speech Dyskinetic/athetotic - writhing uncontrolled involuntary wormlike movements during conscious. Disappears during sleep so no contractures develop Ataxic - poor equilibrium and balance Associated problems with CP - Learning problems & intellectual disability in 25-50%, Vision problems, speech, seizures, hearing, dental issues What is normal IQ? 80-120 Interventions for intellectual disability realistic short term goals based on intellectual age break up tasks promote adaptation & daily routines assure a safe environment In what range are most down syndrome people? Moderate intellectual disability What can cause joint pain besides injury? leukemia rheumatological disease inflammatory bowel disease tumors What is the medical term for the pain of Osgood-Schlatter's syndrome? anterior tibial tuberosity pain What is the pain of Osgood-Schlatter's syndrome most common for boys and girls? girls - age 8-12 boys - age 12-15 What is a common pain in teenage female athletes? Patelofemoral pain syndrome Cause of Osgood-Schlatter's syndrome partial separation pf the patella tendon from the anterior tibial tuberosity Components of a basic Pediatric assessment (CIAMPEDS) - chief complaint - immunizations (isolation) - allergies - medications - past medical history (parent's impression of the child) - events surrounding (the incident) - diet/diapers - symptoms QUESTT pain assessment Question the child and parent/caregiver Use pain rating scales Evaluate behavior and physiological changes • Secure parent/caregiver's involvement • Take cause of the pain into account • Take action and evaluate results The standards of school nursing practice are: authoritative statements of the duties of a school nurse What are the 3 steps in an abdominal assessment? - inspection - auscultation - precussion Describe impetigo Confined to epidermis Weeping, oozing, honey-colored Very contagious - Begins as a single lesion which spreads to secondary lesions which crust or scale What are the most common symptoms in a child with sickle cell anemia? Painful events in hands, feet, abdomen or long bones What is the Denver Developmental Screening Test for? examine children ages 0-6 as to their developmental progress. What does the Wechsler Intelligence Scale measure? intelligence artificial active immunity is acquired by rec'ing an injection of weakened or dead pathogenic organisms What is the usual period of communicability for varicella? 1-2 days before and 4-5 days after onset of vesicular rash How long does the Hep B virus remain infectious outside the body? A minimum of one week What are typical symptoms of MDMA (Ecstacy) use? Jaw clenching & teeth grinding nausea, muscle cramping, fever, sweating, chills, increased heart rate, hallucinations, blurred vision What is drained by the preauricular lymph nodes? Anterior head and eyes When are pre and post auricular nodes palpable? Not common respiratory illnesses, YES with infection related to the external and internal ear Threshold - the lowest/softest level What is damaged in conductive hearing loss? outer or middle ear - bone is fine often due to Otitis Media At what level of hearing loss are hearing aids needed? Moderately severe - cannot hear below 56-70 dB What is the Ishihara chart? Color blindness assessment What is the Amsler grid used for? It is a central visual field test used to detect abnormalities in the central 10º of the field of vision. - macular degeneration At what age do absence seizures usually present? age 4-11 Define Rovsings sign. Palpation of LLQ increases pain in RLQ Define: McBurney's Point Point in the RLQ; 1/3 of the distance from the superior iliac spine to the umbilicus Define Obturator Sign Pain upon INTERNAL ROTATION of the leg with the hip and knee flexed; seen in patients with PELVIC appendicitis Define Markle Sign Pain in RLQ from dropping from standing on the toes to the heels with a jarring landing Signs of Anabolic Steroid Use - hair loss/thinning - acne - dysuria - edema of the extremities - rapid weight gain Signs of Marijuana Use - dilated / bloodshot eyes - hunger - mild euphoria -relaxation -decreased concentration -lack of motivation -sensation of time passing slowly -short term memory impairment -inhibitions lessen -audio/visual sensations may be enhanced Signs of cocaine use - dilated pupils, hyperactivity, euphoria, irritability, anxiety (wide mood swings) - excessive talking followed by depression or excessive sleeping at odd times. - may go long periods of time without eating or sleeping. - weight loss, dry mouth and nose Signs of alcohol abuse - red, ruddy facial features, - bloated face - brittle hair and nails - bloodshot eyes Signs of alcohol poisoning -mental confusion, super coma, or person cannot be roused -vomiting -seizures -slow breathing -irregular breathing -hypothermia, bluish skin color, paleness Signs of alcohol withdrawal confusion and restlessness unusual to insane behavior hallucinations gross tremor profuse sweating seizures hypertension tachycardia How is fifth disease transmitted? respiratory droplets of human parvovirus B19 Characteristics of Fifths disease 3-4 days mild flu symptoms then 7-10 days of a red rash on face like a slapped cheek What does the Epstein-Barr virus cause? infectious mononucleosis How many cases of ADHD will have symptoms as adults? 40-60% Which cranial nerves are for facial movements? 7 What are the 2 most common types of pediatric cancer? Leukemia (31%) Brain and CNS (21%) Define copralalia sudden explosive profane language In what conditions are most associated with Tourette Syndrome? ADHD & OCD Where is secondary triage performed? At the treatment area What precautions if suspect mumps? DROPLET PRECAUTIONS Define precontemplation stage - do not intend to take action in foreseeable future (6 mos). - ACTION - Education. May be under-informed Define maintenance stage - the learner continues to perform the target behavior on their own Define the Preparation stage 1. Plan for action in next month 2. Open to info and support 3. May have made small changes Define the Action stage What % of children have ADHD? 5-7% to diagnose ADHD, how long should symptoms be observed? at least 6 months & before 7 years of age What symptoms describe Mild Persistent Asthma? - Symptoms occur more than 2x/week, but less than once/day. What symptoms describe Mild Intermittent Asthma? - Symptoms occur no more than 2x/week Why is it important to be aware of student color vision deficits? To adapt educational materials - no treatment - no f/u is needed. Color blindness does not change over time Which of the following sounds is MOST characteristic of rhonchi? Gurgling Which medication intervention may be necessary for a student with cystic fibrosis? Medication administration with meals/snacks Which of the following should be done if a tooth is avulsed? Re-implant tooth if possible. Define Hypertropia one eye turns upward Define: - Hyperopia - Presbyopia - Myopia - Farsightedness - Aging vision: impaired near vision- often sees better far - Nearsightedness What is The appropriate way to remove a stinger? use a flat edge such as an ID card or fingernail to scrape over the area What range is considered normal vision? 20/10-20/25 What range is considered moderate vision impairment? 20/70-20/100 What range is considered mild vision impairment? 20/30-20/60 What visual acuity is considered legally blind? 20/200 At what age does the eye achieve full globe size? 12-14yrs What would be the most important area to record in a medical history when assessing for ADHD? cardiovascular history Define menorrhagia Heavy prolonged menstrual flow Define marasmus Energy malnutrition. Findings: Tissue and muscle wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat and variable edema. Define Kwashiorkor Protein malnutrition. Findings: Skin lesions, edema and liver malfunction. When is diagnosis of enuresis made? Twice a week for 3 months reporting communicable diseases - who regulates? State level to the CDC is voluntary Define Von Willebrand Disease Bleeding disorder- absence of clotting factor What is the distinguishing characteristic of Cardiogenic Shock? increased respiratory effort Define Klinefelter Syndrome Having an extra X -Genetic disorder for males (XXY) -taller than average + learning disabilities Define "XYY Syndrome" When a male possesses an extra Y chromosome -Learning Disabilities -Behavioral Issues 2 categories of seizures - Idiopathic (primary) - out of nowhere, typically are generalized - Symptomatic (secondary) - from an insult or underlying medical condition 2 Clinical consequences of congenital heart disease - CHF - Hypoxia Deprivation of what nutrient impairs brain and sexual development? Zinc How is Hepatitis A transmitted? Fecal-oral route - usually through contaminated food. How is Hepatitis B transmitted? Through body fluids such as blood, sexual fluids, and saliva How is Hepatitis C transmitted? Through body fluids, primarily blood. Characteristics of Borderline Personality disorder? - INSTABILITY of moods interpersonal relationship self-image behavior Characteristics of Antisocial Personality disorder? constant disregard for others through exploitation and repeated unlawful actions