Sputum Bowl Neo/Peds Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

Download Sputum Bowl Neo/Peds Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! Sputum Bowl Neo/Peds Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024 What is the pH of fetal lung fluid? - Correct Answer-6.27 What is the normal airway resistance during mouth breathing in the infant? - Correct Answer-about 7 cmH2o/L/Sec What are the dimensions of the term neonate's trachea? - Correct Answer-3.5-4.0 mm in diameter and 4 cm in length Hemoglobin F may normally be present for how long following birth? - Correct Answer-up to one year Before fetal hemoglobin, with its two alpha and gamma chains, there is embryonic hemoglobin. What are the subunits of embryonic hemoglobin? - Correct Answer-Two alpha and two epsilon chains that disappear at about 12 weeks of gestation pg. 1 professoraxe l The development of the respiratory structures begin by what gestational day? - Correct Answer-day 24 What are the two general reasons for intubation of the neonate? - Correct Answer-Removal of material from the trachea and provision pf a guaranteed airway What is the purpose of the "oxygen challenge test" of the neonate? - Correct Answer-To distinguish between cardiac and respiratory disease An obvious sternal bulge that develops acutely in the neonate on positive pressure is indicative of what? - Correct Answer- pneumoediastinum Other than the heel, what tow other alternate sites many be used of a capillary blood sample? - Correct Answer-earlobe and tip of finger SIDS occurs with a peak incidence in what age group? - Correct Answer-2 months pg. 2 professoraxe l The fetal lung is not air filled and is not collapsed. What is its status? - Correct Answer-Inflated to about 40% of TLC (at FRC) In normal infants, the entire pulmonary circulation is considered to be in what zone from a functional standpoint? - Correct Answer-Zone III What is the normal fetal PO2 in the descending aorta? - Correct Answer-About 22mmHg An APGAR score of what value indicates the need for minimal intervention? - Correct Answer-7 or greater What is the Po2 of the blood leaving the placenta in the umbilical vein? - Correct Answer-About 30 mmHg Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) is most commonly seen in what age group? - Correct Answer-3 months to 3 years According to Rau, how young of a child can be expected to learn how to use a MDI? - Correct Answer-6 years or older pg. 5 professoraxe l 4-6 years with a reservoir device is used Name three things that can be determined by an amniocentesis. - Correct Answer-Fetal maturity, genetic abnormalities, Rh isoimmunizaton, and fetal status During fetal life, the lung receives what portion of the total cardiac output? - Correct Answer-About 10-15% At birth, HbF represents 77-85% of the total Hb present. At what age is it totally converted to adult Hb? - Correct Answer- 8-11 months During mask ventilation in children, how high may the peak inspiratory pressure rise before gastric insufflation occurs when cricoid pressure is applied? - Correct Answer-40 cmH2O When does lung development begin? - Correct Answer-24 days gestation Pulmonary hemorrhage occurs most commonly in what age group? - Correct Answer-Neonates pg. 6 professoraxe l Congenital anomalies of the great vessels fall into what 5 categories? - Correct Answer-Double aortic arch, right aortic arch, anomalous innominate artery, anomalous left common carotid artery, aberrant subclavian artery What is presumed to be the basic cause of transient tachypnea of the newborn? - Correct Answer-Retention of fetal lung fluid Normally, when does the ductus arteriosus close functionally and anatomically? - Correct Answer-Functionally on 1st day anatomically in 1st month What is the range of possible scores with the apgar system? - Correct Answer-0-10 What % of all term infants have some degree of meconium staining in the amniotic fluid at birth? - Correct Answer-8-10% Fetal Hb accounts for what percent of the hemoglobin in the full term infant? - Correct Answer-85% (contains two gamma pg. 7 professoraxe l In the normally developing newborn, when does the foramen ovale permanently close? - Correct Answer-Approx. 3 months Surfactant is present in lung fluid at what gestational age? - Correct Answer-After 24 weeks gestation What is another name for the lower portion of the septum secundum? - Correct Answer-Crista dividens (located within the intra-atrial septum) The ductus venosus closes functionally within 24 hours after birth. How long does it take for it to close anatomically and what structure does it become? - Correct Answer-3-7 days, ligamentum venosum What is the typical hemoglobin level of a three month old infant? - Correct Answer-11gm/100ml blood At what age is red bone marrow of long bones replaced with less vascular yellow marrow? - Correct Answer-About 5 years (distal tibia most commonly used in adults for IO infusion) pg. 10 professoraxe l The diaphragm develops during what gestational week? - Correct Answer-7th week The first breath of the newborn generates a pleural pressure between -40cmH2O and -100cmH2O. What volume of air enters the lungs as a result of this pressure change? - Correct Answer-20-30 ml What other term describes "active sleep" of infancy? - Correct Answer-REM sleep Name any two of the three mechanisms by which the ductus arteriosus closes at birth? - Correct Answer-Decrease of blood flow through the ductus, constriction due to higher PaO2, removal of maternal prostaglandins In the premature infant, what percent of the sleep cycle is typically REM sleep? - Correct Answer-90% With capillary blood sampling, a PaO2 below what value correlates well with capillary PO2? - Correct Answer-60 mmhg pg. 11 professoraxe l Subcutaneous emphysema is most dangerous to a child in what way? - Correct Answer-Tracheal compression what is the PO2 of blood entering the placenta from the umbilical arteries? - Correct Answer-17mmhg What microbes are normally found in meconium? - Correct Answer-none What does the acronym PROM stand for? - Correct Answer- Premature Rupture of Membranes According to Egan, what is the recommended suction pressure for infants? - Correct Answer--60 to -80 mmHg What is the most common age at which foreign body aspiration occurs? - Correct Answer-1-3 years Post natal growth of the lung continues until what approximate age? - Correct Answer-8 years pg. 12 professoraxe l On leaving the placenta, the arterialized blood is routed to the liver where a portion of it enters via the portal sinus. Where does the remaining blood travel? - Correct Answer-To the inferior vena cava by way of the ductus venosus What is the Ballard score? - Correct Answer-A simplified score for assessment of fetal maturation of newborns. (six neuromuscular signs, six physical signs) What intervention is required for a newborn with an apgar score of 4-6? - Correct Answer-Sxn mouth and nose, stimulate, provide O2 with 5L/min face mask over nose and mouth 7-10 put under warmer, dry, sxn 0-3 sxn, bag-mask ventilate, no improvement in 15-30 sec -> intubate In the newborn heart, what structure closes when left atrial pressure is greater than right atrial pressure? - Correct Answer-Foramen ovale What is meconium? - Correct Answer-Fecal material in amniotic fluid pg. 15 professoraxe l What level of chloride in a sweat test is diagnostic for cystic fibrosis? - Correct Answer-60 mEq/L What is a neutral thermal environment? - Correct Answer- Environmental temp at which the baby must expend the least energy to maintain its proper temperature During the infant's first few breaths, intrapleural pressures of what magnitude are typically generated? - Correct Answer--40 to -100 cmH2O What is the safest instrument for suctioning the infants airway? - Correct Answer-Bulb syringe What internal diameter is the appropriate ETT size for a 2,800 gram infant? - Correct Answer-3.5 Which of the prostaglandins plays an important role in the perinatal period by constricting the patent ductus arteriosus? - Correct Answer-PGE2 pg. 16 professoraxe l The average nasal resistance of infants is what? - Correct Answer-13cmh2o/l/sec Surfactant is synthesized and stored in what part of the alveolar type II pneumocytes? - Correct Answer-Lamellar inclusion bodies Within the first 12 days following fertilization of the egg(zygote) and implantation into the wall of the uterus, the three primary germ layers develop. Name them. - Correct Answer-Ectoderm (develops into brain & CNS) mesoderm (vasculature, bones, muscle) endoderm (heart, liver, lungs) In which germ layer does the respiratory tract develop? - Correct Answer-Endoderm What are the stages of development? - Correct Answer-1. embryonic period, 2. pseudo-glandular 3. canalicular period, 4. saccular pg. 17 professoraxe l What is Polyhydramnios and what are the developmental risks associated with these conditions? - Correct Answer- Polyhydramnios- > 2L of amniotic fluid. Leads to premature rupture of membranes, may lead to cord prolapse and placental abruption, predisposes to intrauterine infections, associated to GI deformities (TEF and Downs Syndrome) What is Oligohydramnios and what are the developmental risks associated with these conditions? - Correct Answer- Oligohydramnios - <200 mL of amniotic fluid. Leads to lung hypoplasia, kidneys do not develop normally, skeletal deformities, increased risk of umbilical cord compression or kinking How is fetal lung fluid eliminated? - Correct Answer-Vaginal delivery squeezes 1/3 of fluid from the lungs. The remaining fluid is absorbed by the lymphatic system within a few hours of delivery. What methods are commonly used to assess the fetus during pregnancy? - Correct Answer-Ultrasonography (abdominal or transvaginal), pg. 20 professoraxe l Doppler - assesses blood velocities through umbilical, placental, and fetal vessels. What is the baseline heart rate for a fetus? - Correct Answer- 120 to 160 beats/min What might cause the heart rate of a fetus to be elevated? - Correct Answer-Increased activity, maternal fever, infection (chorioamnionitis), Hypoxia, Fetal Arrhythmias, anemia, drugs What defines premature labor? - Correct Answer-Labor prior to 37 weeks What is Tocolysis? - Correct Answer-Process of stopping premature labor What drugs are commonly used to stop labor? - Correct Answer-Beta-adrenergic drugs- terbutaline, salbutamal, ritodrine. MgSO4 - mag sulfate - decreases uterine muscle contractility. Nifedipin - a calcium channel blocker. Indomethicine - prostoglandine inhibitor pg. 21 professoraxe l What is it called when the umbilical cord presents through the cervix ahead of the baby? - Correct Answer-Prolapsed cord What is it called when the cord is wrapped around a body part (neck, shoulder, etc)? - Correct Answer-Nuchal cord What is placenta previa? - Correct Answer-A condition in which the placenta partially or wholly blocks the neck of the uterus, thus interfering with normal delivery of a baby. What is placental abruption? - Correct Answer-Separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus, especially when it occurs prematurely during pregnancy. What components are scored on an APGAR test? - Correct Answer-Muscle tone, Heart rate, reflex irritability, skin color, respiratory effort pg. 22 professoraxe l