Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, 10th By Kenneth Saladi, Exams of Anatomy

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Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, 10th By Kenneth Saladin Table of Content Part One Organization of the Body 1 Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology ATLAS A General Orientation to Human Anatomy 2 The Chemistry of Life 3 Cellular Form and Function 4 Genes and Cellular Function 5 The Human Tissues Part Two Support and Movement 6 The Integumentary System 7 Bone Tissue 8 The Skeletal System 9 Joints 10 The Muscular System ATLAS B Regional and Surface Anatomy 11 Muscular Tissue Part Three Internal Coordination and Control 12 Nervous Tissue 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Somatic Reflexes 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves 15 The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes 16 Sense Organs 17 The Endocrine System Part Four Circulation and Defense 18 The Circulatory System: Blood 19 The Circulatory System: Heart 20 The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation 21 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems Part Five Intake and Output 22 The Respiratory System 23 The Urinary System 24 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid - Base Balance 25 The Digestive System 26 Nutrition and Metabolism Part Six Reproduction and the Life Cycle 27 The Male Reproductive System 28 The Female Reproductive System 29 Human Development and Aging Version 1 1 ATLAS A TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) The frontal plane passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into equal right and left portions. ⊚ true ⊚ false 2) The cut of a guillotine (decapitation) is an example of a section done in the midsagittal plane. ⊚ true ⊚ false 3) The appendicular region consists of the head, neck, and trunk. ⊚ true ⊚ false 4) The appendix is typically found in the right lower quadrant. ⊚ true ⊚ false 5) The liver is proximal to the diaphragm. ⊚ true ⊚ false 6) When the abdomen is divided into nine regions, the most superior horizontal line is called the midclavicular line. ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 4 A) Arms at sides B) Standing upright C) Face and eyes facing forward D) Feet flat on the floor E) Palms facing hips 16) The plane that passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into anterior and posterior portions is called the plane. A) sagittal B) frontal C) median D) transverse E) oblique 17) The interscapular region is tothe scapular region. A) anterior B) posterior C) medial D) lateral E) superior 18) The sternum (breastbone) is to the vertebral column. A) anterior B) posterior C) superior D) inferior E) medial Version 1 5 19) The part of the small intestine is the part closest tothe stomach. A) dorsal B) ventral C) proximal D) distal E) medial 20) The right shoulder is and to the umbilical region. A) superior; lateral B) superior; medial C) inferior; lateral D) inferior; medial E) posterior; lateral 21) The trachea is to the esophagus. A) superior B) dorsal C) anterior D) posterior E) inferior 22) In the cat, the head is to the tail. In the human, the head is to the gluteal region (buttock). A) superior; superior B) anterior; superior C) posterior; dorsal D) ventral; distal E) anterior; posterior 23) The visceral pericardium is to the parietal pericardium. Version 1 6 A) lateral B) medial C) superficial D) deep E) anterior 24) The lumbar vertebrae are to the thoracic vertebrae. A) anterior B) superior C) cephalic D) posterior E) inferior 25) Most of the stomach is located in the of the abdomen. A) right upper quadrant (RUQ) B) right lower quadrant (RLQ) C) left upper quadrant (LUQ) D) left lower quadrant (LLQ) E) left middle quadrant (LMQ) 26) The superolateral regions of the abdomen are called the regions. A) epigastric B) inguinal C) hypochondriac D) hypogastric E) lateral abdominal Version 1 9 34) The most superficial wall of the pleural cavity is lined by the , whereas the outer surface of the lungs is covered by the . A) mesothelium; endothelium B) parietal pericardium; visceral pericardium C) visceral pleura; parietal pleura D) parietal pleura; visceral pleura E) visceral peritoneum; parietal peritoneum 35) The heart is in the cavity and is covered by the . A) thoracic; pleura B) thoracic; pericardium C) pericardial; pleura D) pericardial; peritoneum E) cranial; meninges 36) The surface of the heart is formed by a membrane called the . A) parietal peritoneum B) visceral peritoneum C) parietal pericardium D) visceral pericardium E) parietal pleura 37) The abdominopelvic cavity contains a moist serous membrane called the . A) peritoneum B) pleura C) pericardium D) mediastinum E) meninges Version 1 10 38) The kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, aorta, and inferior vena cava are all . A) located within the peritoneal cavity B) retroperitoneal C) inside the visceral peritoneum D) within the pelvic cavity E) located within the thoracic cavity 39) The continuation of the peritoneum that binds the small intestine and suspends it from the abdominal wall is called the . A) greater omentum B) mesentery C) mesocolon D) lesser omentum E) mediastinum 40) The fatty membrane that hangs like an apron from the inferolateral margin of the stomach and overlies the small intestine is called the . A) greater omentum B) mesentery C) mesocolon D) lesser omentum E) mediastinum 41) The system provides protection, water retention, thermoregulation, and vitamin D production. Version 1 11 A) lymphatic B) muscular C) skeletal D) integumentary E) digestive 42) The thymus, spleen, and tonsils are principal organs of the system. A) endocrine B) respiratory C) lymphatic D) circulatory E) muscular 43) The and systems control and coordinate every cell in a human. A) muscular; nervous B) circulatory; lymphatic C) endocrine; nervous D) circulatory; endocrine E) muscular;skeletal 44) The system stores 99% of your calcium and is critical for blood cell formation. A) circulatory B) skeletal C) excretory D) muscular E) endocrine Version 1 14 51) Which anatomical plane is labeled 2? A) Transverse plane B) Frontal plane C) Sagittal plane D) Medial plane E) Coronal plane Version 1 15 SECTION BREAK. Answer all the part questions. 52) 52.1) Which abdominal region is labeled 1? A) B) C) D) E) F) Epigastric region Hypochondriac region Lumbar region Inguinal region Umbilical region Hypogastric region Version 1 16 52.2) Which abdominal region is labeled 2? A) Epigastric region B) Hypochondriac region C) Lumbar region D) Inguinal region E) Umbilical region F) Hypogastric region 52.3) Which abdominal region is labeled 3? A) Epigastric region B) Hypochondriac region C) Lumbar region D) Inguinal region E) Umbilical region F) Hypogastric region 52.4) Which abdominal region is labeled 4? Version 1 19 53.1) Which body cavity is labeled 1? A) Pleural cavity B) Pericardial cavity C) Abdominal cavity D) Pelvic cavity E) Cranial cavity 53.2) Which body cavity is labeled 2? A) Pleural cavity B) Pericardial cavity C) Abdominal cavity D) Pelvic cavity E) Cranial cavity 53.3) Which body cavity is labeled 3? A) Pleural cavity B) Pericardial cavity C) Abdominal cavity D) Pelvic cavity E) Cranial cavity 53.4) Which body cavity is labeled 4? A) Pleural cavity B) Pericardial cavity C) Abdominal cavity D) Pelvic cavity E) Cranial cavity Version 1 20 Version 1 21 Answer Key Test name: Atlas A Test Bank 1) FALSE 2) FALSE 3) FALSE 4) TRUE 5) FALSE 6) FALSE 7) TRUE 8) FALSE 9) TRUE 10) E 11) E 12) B 13) D 14) B 15) E 16) B 17) C 18) A 19) C 20) A 21) C 22) B 23) D 24) E 25) C 26) C Version 1 1 ATLAS B TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) The plantar surface refers to the sole of the foot. ⊚ true ⊚ false 2) The heart occupies a space called the pericardial cavity between the parietal and visceral pericardia. ⊚ true ⊚ false CHECK ALL THE APPLY. Choose all options that best completes the statement or answers the question. 3) Which of the following bones is/are part of the appendicular region? Check all that apply. A) Ilium (part of the hip bone) B) L5 vertebra (part of the spine) C) Humerus (upper arm bone) D) Sternum (breast bone) E) Femur (thigh bone) 4) Which of the following is/are considered part of the axial region? Check all that apply. A) Sternum B) Humerus C) Ribs D) Sacrum E) Scapula 5) Which of these directional terms are being used correctly? Select all that apply. Version 1 2 A) The wrist is distal to the elbow. B) The ears are lateral to the nose. C) The umbilicus (belly button) is superior to the chin. D) The ankle is proximal to the knee. E) The trachea is deep to the esophagus. 6) Which of the following structures is contained within the abdominopelvic cavity? Check all that apply. A) Liver B) Lower esophageal sphincter C) Descending aorta D) Spleen E) Pancreas 7) Which of the following structures is found within the thoracic cavity? Check all that apply. A) heart B) liver C) lungs D) fundus of the stomach E) descending aorta 8) Which of the following statements is correct regarding directional terms? Check all that apply. A) The sternum (breast bone) is anterior to the spine. B) The shoulder is proximal to the elbow. C) The umbilicus (belly button) is inferior to the chin. D) The spine is lateral to the shoulder. E) The hips are medial to the umbilicus (belly button). Version 1 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 9) Which of the following is not found in the axial region of the body? A) Cervical region B) Abdominal region C) Thoracic region D) Carpal region 10) The most proximal region of the upper limb is called the region. A) palmar B) cubital C) carpal D) antebrachial E) brachial 11) The superolateral regions of the abdomen are called the regions. A) epigastric B) inguinal C) hypochondriac D) hypogastric E) lower quadrant 12) The duodenum is the region of the small intestine closest to the stomach. It is therefore referred to as the most region of the small intestine. Version 1 6 20) The wraps around and is directly adhered to the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. A) pleura B) pericardium C) meninges D) visceral peritoneum E) parietal peritoneum 21) The thoracic cavity is divided into right, left, and medial portions by a region called the . A) mediastinum B) diaphragm C) serous membrane D) meninges E) peritoneum 22) A fatty membrane that hangs like an apron from the inferolateral margin of the stomach and overlies the small intestine is called the . A) greater omentum B) mesentery C) mesocolon D) lesser omentum E) mediastinum 23) Which of the following terms indicates the largest gluteus muscle? Version 1 7 A) Magnus B) Major C) Maximus D) Minimus E) Majorus 24) The region of the left lower limb is proximal to the region of the same limb. A) carpal; manual B) femoral; crural C) antebrachial; brachial D) tarsal; crural E) brachial; femoral 25) What is the Latin term for "lip"? A) Labium B) Oris C) Buccal D) Mental 26) Which of the following muscles is not externally visible on the trunk of the body? A) Transverse abdominal B) Latissimus dorsi C) Trapezius D) Pectoralis major E) External oblique Version 1 8 FILL IN THE BLANK. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 27) The forearm is more appropriately referred to as the region. 28) The visceral is the serous membrane covering the external surface of the lungs. 29) The anterior pit of the elbow is called the region. 30) The posterior pit of the knee is called the region. 31) The cheek area is known as the region. ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 32) Lay people often misunderstand medical terminology. What do you think people really mean when they say they have “planter’s warts”? A) B) C) D) E) A C D E F Version 1 11 34) CopyrightJoeDeGrandis/McGraw-HillEducation 34.1) Which letter represents the linea alba? A) B) C) D) E) A B C D E Version 1 12 34.2) Which letter represents the costal margin? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 34.3) Which letter represents the body of the sternum? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 34.4) Which letter represents the body of the clavicle? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 34.5) Which letter represents the trapezius muscle? A) B) C) D) E) A B C D E Version 1 13 35) CopyrightJoeDeGrandis/McGraw-HillEducation 35.1) Which letter represents the brachioradialis? Version 1 16 Answer Key Test name: Atlas B Test Bank 1) TRUE 2) FALSE 3) [A, C, E] 4) [A, C, D] 5) [A, B] 6) [A, B, D, E] 7) [A, C, E] 8) [A, B, C] 9) D 10) E 11) C 12) C 13) A 14) E 15) A 16) C 17) D 18) A 19) A 20) D 21) A 22) A 23) C 24) B 25) A 26) A Version 1 17 27) antebrachial 28) pleura 29) cubital 30) popliteal 31) buccal 32) Suggested Answer: It is a misunderstanding of the word plantar, the surface where such warts commonly occur. 33) Section Break 33.1) C 33.2) D 33.3) B 33.4) E 33.5) A 34) Section Break 34.1) E 34.2) D 34.3) C 34.4) B 34.5) A 35) Section Break 35.1) A 35.2) B 35.3) D 35.4) E 35.5) C Version 1 1 CHAPTER 1 TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) Feeling for swollen lymph nodes is an example of auscultation. ⊚ true ⊚ false 2) We can see through bones with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ⊚ true ⊚ false 3) Histology is the study of structures that can be observed without a magnifying lens. ⊚ true ⊚ false 4) Cells were first named by microscopist Robert Hooke. ⊚ true ⊚ false 5) All functions of the body can be interpreted as the effects of cellular activity. ⊚ true ⊚ false 6) The hypothetico-deductive method is common in physiology, whereas the inductive method is common in anatomy. ⊚ true ⊚ false 7) An individual scientific fact has more information than a theory. Version 1 4 A) neuroanatomy B) anatomy C) chemistry D) histology E) physiology 20) Feeling structures with your fingertips is called , whereas tapping on the body and listening for sounds of abnormalities is called . A) palpation; auscultation B) auscultation; percussion C) percussion; auscultation D) palpation; percussion E) percussion; palpation 21) Which of these is the best imaging technique for routinely examining the anatomical development of a fetus? A) Auscultation B) PET scan C) MRI D) Sonography E) Radiography 22) The study of the structure and function of cells is called . A) cytology B) gross anatomy C) exploratory physiology D) comparative physiology E) radiology Version 1 5 23) Ultrastructure refers to the detailed structure to the level of the . A) molecule B) cell C) organelle D) tissue E) organ 24) The study of how hormones function is called . A) neuroanatomy B) neurophysiology C) endocrinology D) histology E) pathophysiology 25) The study of mechanism of disease is called . A) neuroanatomy B) neurophysiology C) endocrinology D) histology E) pathophysiology 26) The terms physics, physiology, and physician come from a term proposed to distinguish natural causes from supernatural causes. Version 1 6 A) Hippocrates B) Plato C) Schwann D) Aristotle E) Avicenna 27) Who was a physician to the Roman gladiators, learned by dissection of animals, and saw science as a method of discovery? A) Hippocrates B) Plato C) Schwann D) Aristotle E) Galen 28) Knownas "the father of modern anatomy," was the first to publish accurate drawings of the body. A) Vesalius B) Maimonides C) Harvey D) Aristotle E) van Leeuwenhoek 29) The most influential medical textbook of the ancient era was written by . A) Hippocrates B) Aristotle C) Galen D) Vesalius E) Avicenna Version 1 9 A) peer B) test C) treatment D) control E) double-blind 37) An educated speculation or a possible answer to a question is called a(n) . A) scientific method B) theory C) law D) hypothesis E) fact 38) Which of the following would contain the greatest amount of information that scientists consider to be true to the best of their knowledge? A) A fact B) A law of nature C) A hypothesis D) An equation E) A theory 39) If a species of animal evolves over generations to grow a large fan-blade like growth on its back to catch the wind and cool its body, this would be an example of responding to . A) selection pressure B) adaptation C) natural selection D) climate change E) positive feedback 40) What is a change in the genetic composition of a population over time called? Version 1 10 A) Mutation B) Natural selection C) Selection pressure D) Evolution E) Adaptation 41) The constant appearance of new strains of influenza virus is an example of . A) a model B) evolution C) selection pressure D) survivorship E) success 42) What is the principal theory of how evolution works? A) Natural pressure B) Selective pressure C) Darwinian pressure D) Natural adaptation E) Natural selection 43) Stereoscopic vision provides . A) opposable perception B) color perception C) depth perception D) bipedalism E) opposition of thumbs 44) Most primates are , meaning they live in trees. Version 1 11 A) prehensile B) bipedal C) cursorial D) troglodytic E) arboreal 45) Which of the following was an adaptation thatevolved in connection with human upright walking? A) Hair B) Fully opposable thumbs C) Stereoscopic vision D) Color vision E) Spinal and pelvic anatomy 46) A human isborn before his/her nervous system has matured. This is traceable to . A) their inability to regulate body temperature B) skeletal adaptations to bipedalism C) the arboreal habits of early primates D) the conditions of modern civilization E) the diet of early species of Homo 47) What is the species of modern humans? Version 1 14 A) comparative B) evolutionary C) holistic D) inductive E) reductionist 55) Which of the following approaches understanding the human body by studying the interactions of its parts? A) Naturalism B) Reductionism C) Vitalism D) Holism E) Rationalism 56) What is the view that not everything about an organism can be understood or predicted from the knowledge of its components; that is, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts? A) Naturalism B) Reductionism C) Holism D) Materialism E) Science 57) The fact that most of us have five lumbar vertebrae, but some people have six and some have four, is an example of what type of variation among organisms? A) Cellular B) Holistic C) Physiological D) Anatomical E) Reductionist Version 1 15 58) Why does a surgeon need to be familiar with different versions of anatomy? A) Cellular adaptation B) Holistic medicine C) Physiological variation D) Anatomical variation E) Evolutionary adaptation 59) What are the simplest body structures considered alive? A) Organ systems B) Organs C) Cells D) Organelles E) Molecules 60) Metabolism is the sum of all change. A) external physical B) external chemical C) internal chemical D) internal physical E) internal integrative 61) The change in size of the bone marrow (where blood cells are produced) as an infant matures is an example of , whereas the transformation of blood stem cells into white blood cells is an example of . Version 1 16 A) development; differentiation B) growth; development C) growth; differentiation D) differentiation; growth E) differentiation; development 62) A hemoglobin level of 12g/dL is normal for an adult female, but low for an adult male. What is this is an example of? A) Cellular adaptation B) Holistic medicine C) Physiological variation D) Anatomical variation E) Structural differentiation 63) Which of the following is not an aspectthat could result in physiological variation? A) Age B) Gender C) Environment D) Physical activity E) These are all aspects that can cause physiological variation. 64) We live in an ever-changing environment outside of our body, yet our internal conditions remain relatively stable. This is called . A) homeostasis B) metastasis C) responsiveness D) adaptation E) evolution Version 1 19 A) gradient B) barrier C) membrane D) imbalance E) feedback loop 72) Chemicals in a solution can move down a concentration gradient. This means the chemical will move from the area of concentrationto the area of concentration. A) higher; lower B) lower; higher C) equal; equal D) lower; lower E) higher; higher 73) Which of the following is not an example of a physiological gradient? A) Tissue B) Thermal C) Concentration D) Pressure E) Electrical 74) What type of gradient causes the movement of ions due to both charge and concentration differences? A) Electrochemical gradient B) Thermal gradient C) Concentration gradient D) Pressure gradient E) Osmotic gradient Version 1 20 75) Modern anatomical language is based on what two languages because individuals speaking these languages made most of the early anatomical discoveries? A) Greek and Latin B) English and Japanese C) English and Spanish D) Roman and Latin E) Latin and Chinese 76) The term fallopian tube (uterine tube) is an example of . A) a Latin root used in medical terminology B) the use of prefixes to name an anatomical structure C) the use of suffixes to name an anatomical structure D) an eponym E) an acronym 77) The lexicon of standard international anatomical terms is . A) called Terminologia Anatomica (TA) B) called Nomina Anatomica (NA) C) formed from thousands of English word roots D) formed from thousands of Italian word roots E) formed from thousands of French word roots 78) The prefix hypo- means , whereas hyper- means . Version 1 21 A) front; back B) right; left C) inside; outside D) clear; dark E) below; above 79) What does "hypercalcemia" mean? A) Elevated calcium levels B) Lowered calcium levels C) Elevated sodium levels D) Lowered sodium levels E) Elevated potassium levels 80) DNA is an example of an , whereas PET scan is an example of an . A) abbreviation; acronym B) acronym; abbreviation C) eponym; acronym D) acronym; eponym E) eponym; abbreviation 81) The plural of axilla (armpit) is , whereas the plural of appendix is . A) axillae; appendices B) axillides; appendages C) axillies; appendi D) axilli; appendices E) axilles; appendices 24) What is the name of the highlighted organ? Version 1 24 A) Adrenal gland B) Spleen C) Liver D) Kidney E) Pancreas SECTION BREAK. Answer all the part questions. Version 1 25 87) 87.1) Which letter represents the receptor of this feedback loop? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 87.2) Which letter represents the effectorof this feedback loop? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Version 1 26 87.3) Where in this feedback loop is homeostasis present? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 87.4) This feedback loop is an example of which of the following? A) Negative feedback B) Positive feedback C) Dynamic equilibrium D) Thermal gradient E) Natural selection A) B) C) D) E) A B C D Ions can move via all of these mechanisms. Version 1 29 89) a: U.H.B. Trust/The Image Bank/Getty Images; b: pang_oasis/Shutterstock; c: Miriam Maslo/Science Source; d: UHB Trust/Getty Images; e: ISM/Sovereign/Medical Images 89.1) Which image is produced using an X-ray? A) B) C) D) E) A B C D E Version 1 30 89.2) Which image is produced using Computed Tomography? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 89.3) Which image is produced using Magnetic Resonance Imaging? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 89.4) Which imaging technique would be used to determine the location of a blocked artery? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 89.5) Which imaging technique would be used to determine the metabolically active Version 1 31 areas of the brain? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Version 1 34 A) A B) C C) E D) H E) I 90.6) A lymph node is an example of which level of structural hierarchy? A) G B) C C) E D) H E) I 90.7) A ribosome is an example of which level of structural hierarchy? A) A B) C C) E D) H E) D Version 1 35 91) 91.1) This is an example of which of the following? A) Positive feedback B) Negative feedback C) Dynamic equilibrium D) Adaptation E) Natural selection 91.2) In this feedback loop, what is the receptor? Version 1 36 A) Brain B) Oxytocin C) Uterus D) Ovaries E) Adrenal gland 91.3) In this feedback loop, what is the effector? A) Cervix B) Brain C) Oxytocin D) Uterine muscles E) Ovaries Version 1 39 57) D 58) D 59) C 60) C 61) C 62) C 63) E 64) A 65) C 66) A 67) A 68) A 69) B 70) A 71) A 72) A 73) A 74) A 75) A 76) D 77) A 78) E 79) A 80) A 81) A 82) B 83) D 84) B 85) C 86) D Version 1 40 87) Section Break 87.1) B 87.2) D 87.3) E 87.4) A 88) Section Break 88.1) A 88.2) D 88.3) B 88.4) C 89) Section Break 89.1) A 89.2) C 89.3) D 89.4) B 89.5) E 90) Section Break 90.1) B 90.2) A 90.3) A 90.4) B 90.5) D 90.6) A 90.7) E 91) Section Break 91.1) A 91.2) A 91.3) D Version 1 1 CHAPTER 2 TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) Minerals are organic elements extracted from the soil by plants. ⊚ true ⊚ false 2) Molecules composed of two or more atoms are called compounds. ⊚ true ⊚ false 3) Hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium are three isotopes of hydrogen. ⊚ true ⊚ false 4) Potassium, sodium, and chlorine are trace elements. ⊚ true ⊚ false 5) Ionic bonds break apart in water more easily than covalent bonds do. ⊚ true ⊚ false 6) A solution is a mixture of two or more substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined. ⊚ true ⊚ false 7) The pH of blood plasma is approximately 7.4, which is slightly acidic. Version 1 4 A) nitrogen B) hydrogen C) carbon D) oxygen E) calcium 20) Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Sodium has . A) 12 neutrons and 11 protons B) 12 protons and 11 neutrons C) 12 electrons and 11 neutrons D) 12 protons and 11 electrons E) 12 electrons and 11 protons 21) The chemical properties of an atom are determined by its . A) protons B) electrons C) neutrons D) protons and neutrons E) particles 22) Na (atomic no. 11) reacts with Cl (atomic no. 17) to become stable. In the reaction, Na will , while Cl will . A) accept one electron; give up one electron B) give up one proton; accept one proton C) share one electron with chlorine; share one electron with sodium D) become an anion; become a cation E) give up one electron; accept one electron Version 1 5 23) Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many valence electrons does it have? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 16 24) Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygen atoms come together, they form a(n) bond. A) hydrogen B) nonpolar covalent C) polar covalent D) ionic E) Van der Waals 25) When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water . A) Na + and Cl - form ionic bonds with each other B) Na + and Cl - form polar covalent bonds with each other C) Na + and Cl - form hydrogen bonds with water D) ionic bonds between Na + and Cl - are broken E) Na + and Cl - become separated by their Van der Waals forces 26) The bonding properties of an atom are determined by its . Version 1 6 A) electrons B) protons C) positrons D) neutrons E) photons 27) What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another? A) An ionic bond B) A peptide bond C) A hydrogen bond D) A covalent bond E) A hydrolytic bond 28) account for 98.5% of the body's weight. A) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine B) Carbon, oxygen, iron, sodium, potassium, and chlorine C) Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine D) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, and potassium E) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus 29) differ from one another in their number of neutrons and atomic mass. A) Cations B) Anions C) Isotopes D) Electrolytes E) Free radicals Version 1 9 37) A solution that resists a change in pH when an acid or base is added to it is a(n) . A) buffer B) catalyst C) reducing agent D) oxidizing agent E) colloid 38) A chemical reaction that removes electrons from an atom is called a(n) reaction. A) reduction B) condensation C) hydrolysis D) anabolic E) oxidation 39) The most relevant free energy in human physiology is the energy stored in . A) electrolytes ionized in water B) free radicals with an odd number of electrons C) radioisotopes D) the chemical bonds of organic molecules E) Van der Waals forces 40) The breakdown of glycogen (an energy-storage compound) is an example of a(n) reaction. Version 1 10 A) exergonic B) endergonic C) exchange D) synthesis E) equilibrium 41) Potential energy stored in bonds is released as energy. A) electromagnetic B) electrical C) chemical D) heat E) kinetic 42) The breakdown of glucose to yield carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ATP can be described as . A) anabolic and endergonic B) catabolic and exergonic C) anabolic and exergonic D) catabolic and endergonic E) anabolic and exothermic 43) Which one of the following would not increase the rate of a reaction? A) An increase in reactant concentrations B) A rise in temperature C) The presence of a catalyst D) The presence of an enzyme E) A decrease in reactant concentrations Version 1 11 44) Which of the following terms encompasses all of the other ones? A) Catabolism B) Anabolism C) Metabolism D) Oxidation reactions E) Reduction reactions 45) The breakdown of starch by digestive enzymes into glucose molecules is a(n) reaction. A) synthesis B) decomposition C) exchange D) anabolic E) reduction 46) Which of the following equations depicts an exchange reaction? A) AB → A + B B) A + B → AB C) AB + CD → AC + BD D) AB → A - + B + E) A + B → AB → C + D 47) Which of these functional groups contains nitrogen? A) Carboxyl group B) Methyl group C) Hydroxyl group D) Amino group E) Phosphate group Version 1 14 A) carbohydrates and fats B) nucleic acids and fats C) carbohydrates and proteins D) proteins and fats E) nucleic acids and proteins 56) Triglycerides consist of a 3-carbon compound called bound to three . A) pyruvate; fatty acids B) lactate; glycerols C) eicosanoid; steroids D) glycerol; fatty acids E) sterol; fatty acids 57) are major components of cell membranes, and are said to be . A) Triglycerides; hydrophobic B) Steroids; hydrophilic C) Bile acids; fat-soluble D) Eicosanoids; water-soluble E) Phospholipids; amphiphilic 58) Which of these molecules is hydrophobic? A) Glucose B) Cholesterol C) Amino acid D) Protein E) Disaccharide Version 1 15 59) Proteins perform all of the following functions except . A) catalyze metabolic reactions B) give structural strength to cells and tissues C) produce muscular and other forms of movement D) regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells E) store hereditary information 60) A drastic conformational change in a protein in response to extreme heat or pH is called . A) contamination B) denaturation C) saturation D) sedimentation E) deconformation 61) Proteins are built from different amino acids.01_20_2015_CS- 3282 A) monomers; 10 B) molecules; 10 C) polymers; 20 D) macromolecules; 40 E) peptides; 25 62) The folding and coiling of a protein into a globular shape is the structure of the protein. Version 1 16 A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) denatured 63) An enzyme issubstrate-specific because of the shape of its . A) active site B) receptor C) secondary structure D) terminal amino acid E) alpha chain 64) Lactose is the substrate of which enzyme? A) Lactase B) Amylase C) Galactase D) Protease E) Sucrase 65) All enzymes are . A) cofactors B) proteins C) lipids D) carbohydrates E) nucleic acids 66) Nucleic acids are of .