The Surgical Patient Exam, Exams of Surgical Pathology

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The Surgical Patient Which of the following is a sign of cardiac arrest? a. edema b. convulsion c. cyanosis d. hypertension - verified answer c. cyanosis Which of the following is the best placement area for the electrosurgical grounding pad for a patient in the lithotomy position? a. upper arm b. lower back c. anterior thigh d. posterior shoulder - verified answer c. anterior thigh When evaluating the patient's skin for the preoperative prep, which of the following is considered a contaminated area? a. axilla b. toes c. body hair d. draining sinus - verified answer d. draining sinus In what position is a patient placed for a right nephrectomy? a. left lateral position b. right lateral position c. left lateral kidney position d. right lateral kidney position - verified answer c. left lateral kidney position In which of the following positions should a patient be placed for a low anterior colon resection? a. dorsal recumbent b. prone c. lateral d. lithotomy - verified answer d. lithotomy When an anesthetized patient's position is changed from lithotomy to supine, the patient's legs should be lowered slowly to prevent which of the following? a. hypotension b. laryngospasm c. respiratory distress d. peroneal nerve damage - verified answer a. hypotension To move the patient from the transport stretcher to the OR table a. one person stands at the head, one at the foot, while the patient moves over b. one person stands next to the stretcher, one adjacent to the OR table, while the patient moves over c. one person stands next to the stretcher, stabilizing it against the OR table, while the patient moves over d. one person may stand next to the OR table and guide the patient toward him if stretcher wheels are locked - verified answer b. one person stands next to the stretcher, one adjacent to the OR table, while the patient moves over When moving a patient with a fracture in the OR, all of the following are true EXCEPT a. extra personnel are necessary b. support of the extremity should always be from below the site of fracture c. lifters on the affected side support the fracture d. each leg is raised slowly and gently as it is grasped by the toes - verified answer d. each leg is raised slowly and gently as it is grasped by the toes All of the following are requirements of the Kraske position EXCEPT a. patient is prone with hips over the break of the table b. a pillow is placed under lower legs and ankles c. a padded knee strap is applied 2 inches above knees d. arms are tucked in at sides - verified answer d. arms are tucked in at sides When using an armboard, the most important measure is to a. support the arm at the intravenous site b. strap the patient's hand to it securely c. avoid hyperextension of the arm d. avoid hypo extension of the arm - verified answer c. avoid hyperextension of the arm Anesthetized patients should be moved slowly to a. prevent fractures b. prevent circulatory overload c. allow the respiratory system to adjust d. allow the circulatory system to adjust - verified answer d. allow the circulatory system to adjust Extreme positions of the head and arm can cause injury to the a. cervical plexus b. radial nerve c. ulnar nerve d. brachial plexus - verified answer d. brachial plexus Ulnar nerve damage could result from a. poor placement of legs in stirrups b. hyperextension of the arm c. using mattress pads of varying thickness d. placing an arm on an unpadded table edge - verified answer d. placing an arm on an unpadded table edge In the prone position, the thorax must be elevated from the OR table to prevent a. compromised respiration b. pressure areas c. circulatory impairment d. brachial nerve damage - verified answer a. compromised respiration The anesthesiologist closes the eyelids of a general anesthetic patient for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a. prevent drying of the eye b. prevent the patient from seeing the procedure c. prevent eye trauma d. protect the eye from anesthetic agents - verified answer b. prevent the patient from seeing the procedure Diastolic blood pressure refers to a. the force created by the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart b. the relaxation phase between heartbeats c. the first sound heard when taking the pressure on a manometer d. the high point of the cycle - verified answer b. the relaxation phase between heartbeats Systolic blood pressure represents a. the pressure in the heart chambers, great vein, or close to the heart b. the relaxation phase between heartbeats c. the low point of the cycle d. the greatest force caused by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart - verified answer d. the greatest force caused by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart Tachycardia is a(n) a. heartbeat over 100 beats per minute b. irregular heartbeat c. thready, weak heartbeat d. heartbeat less than 60 beats per minute - verified answer a. heartbeat over 100 beats per minute The most common artery used to feel the pulse is the a. dorsalis pedis artery b. femoral artery c. radial artery d. carotid artery - verified answer c. radial artery The body temperature taken orally is 98.6°P. What is it in Celsius? a. 37°C b. 52°C c. HO°C d. 212°C - verified answer a. 37°C A patient is on anticoagulant drugs. Which of the following tests may be done to check the clotting time of his or her blood? a. serum amylase b. complete blood count c. bleeding time d. prothrombin time - verified answer d. prothrombin time The preoperative urinalysis test done on a patient indicates that the specific gravity is 1.050. This a. is within normal range b. is below normal range and he or she is dehydrated c. is above normal range and he or she is dehydrated d. is indicative of sugar in the urine - verified answer c. is above normal range and he or she is dehydrated A type and crossmatch is done a. on all surgical patients b. if the surgeon anticipates in advance of the operation that blood loss replacement may be necessary c. on all hospital patients d. in the OR - verified answer b. if the surgeon anticipates in advance of the operation that blood loss replacement may be necessary A patient scheduled for surgery has a hematocrit reading of 40% of whole blood volume. This is a. within normal range b. below normal range c. above normal range d. inconclusive - verified answer a. within normal range Inherited deficiencies of coagulation in which bleeding occurs spontaneously after minor trauma is a. Tay-Sachs disease b. hemophilia c. pernicious anemia d. erythroblastosis fetalis - verified answer b. hemophilia Preoperative chest x-rays a. are not necessary for the surgical patient b. are necessary only for the thoracic surgical patient c. are necessary only on the surgical patient with a chronic cough d. should be done on all surgical patients - verified answer d. should be done on all surgical patients An electrocardiogram is a. an electrical recording heart activity b. an x-ray defining heart structures c. an x-ray of the cardiac portion of the stomach d. a stress test on the heart - verified answer a. an electrical recording heart activity After being scheduled in the OR for a routine tonsillectomy, the nurse checking the chart of a patient notes that the hemoglobin is 9.0 g. This reading is a. within normal range b. below normal range c. above normal range d. inconclusive - verified answer b. below normal range A microscopic blood exam that estimates the percentages of each type of white cell is called a a. red blood count b. white blood count c. differential blood count d. blood grouping - verified answer c. differential blood count Which procedure is NOT absolutely necessary in patient identification? a. identification by the anesthesiologist, who checks the wristband, chart, and operating schedule b. identification by the surgeon before administration of an anesthetic c. identification by the circulating nurse, who checks the wristband, chart, and operating schedule d. identification by the scrub nurse before the procedure begins - verified answer d. identification by the scrub nurse before the procedure begins Operative records documenting all aspects of perioperative care are required by a. JCHO b. OSHA c. ASTM d. CDC - verified answer a. JCHO Except for endotracheal tube installation, basic life support cannot be interrupted for more than a. 1 minute b. 2 to 3 minutes c. 5 seconds d. 30 seconds - verified answer c. 5 seconds External cardiac compression a. restores and maintains oxygenation a. the legal terms for assault and battery b. invasion of privacy c. employer liability for employee's negligent conduct d. professional misconduct - verified answer c. employer liability for employee's negligent conduct Liability is a legal rule that a. applies only in criminal actions b. holds the hospital responsible for its personnel c. holds each individual responsible for his or her own acts d. has no significance in malpractice suits - verified answer c. holds each individual responsible for his or her own acts Each of the following applies to an incident report EXCEPT a. notation is made on the patient's OR record b. statement should be factual and non-interpretive c. description includes action taken d. details are complete and accurate - verified answer a. notation is made on the patient's OR record n which way could a patient's response to impending surgery exhibit itself? a. tension and anxiety b. fear and suspicion c. anger and hostility d. all of the above - verified answer d. all of the above Excessive exposure to radiation can affect the a. integumentary system b. brain c. reproductive organs d. stomach - verified answer c. reproductive organs Radiation exposure of the staff is monitored with a. a homing device b. a Holter monitor c. film badges d. a notation on each operative record - verified answer c. film badges Ionizing radiation protection is afforded by the use of a. iron b. ebonized coating c. zinc d. lead - verified answer d. lead When moving the patient from the OR table, who is responsible for guarding the head and neck from injury? a. circulating nurse b. scrub nurse c. anesthesiologist d. surgical technologist - verified answer c. anesthesiologist A potential safety hazard associated with laser surgery is a. eye injury b. electrical shock c. carcinogenic activity d. ionizing radiation exposure - verified answer a. eye injury An OR hazard that has been linked to increased risk of spontaneous abortion in female OR employees is exposure to a. x-ray control b. radium c. sterilization agents d. waste anesthetic gas - verified answer d. waste anesthetic gas Which virus can be transmitted by a needle puncture or splash in the eye? a. hepatitis A b. hepatitis B c. non-A hepatitis d. non-B hepatitis - verified answer b. hepatitis B While using this mixture, a scavenging system is used to collect and exhaust or absorb its vapors. It is called a. glutaraldehyde b. polypropylene *c. methyl metacrylate d. halon - verified answer c. methyl metacrylate The best measure for staff protection against HIV is a. handling all needles and sharps carefully b. using barriers to avoid direct contact with blood and body fluids c. immunization of all staff with vaccine a. 96.6º F b. 97.6º F c. 98.6º C d. 99.6º F - verified answer b. 97.6º F Fast, deep breaths followed by 20-60 seconds of apnea represent the breathing pattern called ____. a. apenaitis b. Kussmaul's c. dyspnea d. Cheyne-Stokes - verified answer d. Cheyne-Stokes To prevent bladder distension during long procedures, the surgical patient may receive a(n) ____. a. diuretic b. urinary clamp c. urinary leg bag d. indwelling urinary catheter - verified answer d. indwelling urinary catheter What is the general rule for prepping contaminated areas? a. all areas combined b. contaminated area last c. contaminated areas are not prepped d. no special considerations necessary - verified answer b. contaminated area last An example of a pressure device that may be used to prevent deep-vein thrombosis is ____. a. tourniquet b. blood pressure cuff c. sequential stockings d. drains - verified answer c. sequential stockings Tissue injury or necrosis that results when two tissue planes are forcefully pulled in opposite directions is called ____. a. ischemia b. shear injury c. neuropathy d. musculoskeletal injury - verified answer b. shear injury To assist the patient when falling, ____. a. try to hold the patient up b. keep your feet close together and knees straight c. ease the patient to the floor, while protecting his or her head d. once the patient is on the floor, seek help - verified answer c. ease the patient to the floor, while protecting his or her head ____ must be lower than the patient's body at all times. a. Bed rails b. The head of the bed c. The extension boot on an orthopedic table d. Gravity drainage bags - verified answer d. Gravity drainage bags When transferring a patient from the operating room table to her or his stretcher, always ____. a. make sure all wheels are locked b. make sure the surgeon is protecting the airway c. move the patient quickly d. leave the gravity drainage bag and IV fluids in the bed with the patient - verified answer a. make sure all wheels are locked When passing through manually operated doors while transporting a patient, ____. a. push the foot of the stretcher forward against the door to open it b. open the doors first and secure them open c. always wait for someone to come through the door to help you d. shout for someone to help you - verified answer b. open the doors first and secure them open Obese patients are more likely to have post-operative complications with all of the following except: a. delayed healing b. blood clot formation c. wound dehiscence d. hypothermia - verified answer d. hypothermia When moving a patient from the operating room table to a stretcher, ____ is responsible for remaining at the patient's head and protecting the airway. a. the surgeon b. the circulator c. the anesthesia care provider d. the CST-CFA - verified answer c. the anesthesia care provider When armboards are used on the operating room table for a patient in the supine position, they must be ____. a. abducted more than 90° b. firm and without padding c. 3 d. 4 - verified answer b. 2 What is the minimum number of people needed to move an unconscious patient from the OR table to the stretcher? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 - verified answer d. 4 Patients are anesthetized in the _____ position and then repositioned for surgery as necessary under the direction of the anesthesia provider and the surgeon. a. supine b. prone c. Fowler's d. lithotomy - verified answer a. supine All of the following are considerations in patient positioning except: a. freedom for patient respiration b. accessibility of operative site c. no hyperflextion or hyperextension of joints d. position of the Mayo stand and back table - verified answer d. position of the Mayo stand and back table Possible pressure areas that should be padded in the supine position include all of the following except: a. elbows b. heels c. sacrum d. sternum - verified answer d. sternum The supine position with the head hyperextended would most likely be used for: a. thyroidectomy b. CABG c. craniotomy d. myringotomy - verified answer a. thyroidectomy Which of the following positioning devices would be needed for a TAH-BSO? a. Allen b. Mayfield c. McConnell d. DeMayo - verified answer a. Allen All of the following may be used for prone positioning except: a. Wilson b. Hastings c. Andrews d. DeMayo - verified answer d. DeMayo An expressed concern of the patient that he or she will be paralyzed following spinal anesthesia should be reported to the: a. surgeon b. anesthesia provider c. circulator d. OR supervisor - verified answer b. anesthesia provider One way the CST could help meet the psychosocial needs of the surgical patient is to: a. tell the patient that everything will be just fine b. observe the patient's behavior and listen carefully to what the patient says c. report your observations to the patient's family d. embrace the patient and tell him or her you know just how he or she feels - verified answer b. observe the patient's behavior and listen carefully to what the patient says Obtaining an informed consent for surgery is the ultimate responsibility of the: a. anesthesia provider b. circulator c. OR supervisor d. surgeon - verified answer d. surgeon Persons witnessing the signing of the consent for surgery attest to all of the following except: a. the person signing the form is the person whose name appears on the form b. that the surgeon fully explained the surgery to the patient and family and they understand it c. the signature of the patient is given voluntarily d. the patient is mentally competent to sign the consent - verified answer b. that the surgeon fully explained the surgery to the patient and family and they understand it The operative permit must be signed: a. before the patient enters the hospital b. before the preoperative sedative is given c. after the patient arrives in the holding area d. just before surgery is begun - verified answer b. before the preoperative sedative is given Postural hypotension is a threat when the patient is placed in which of the following positions? a. Fowler b. Trendelenburg c. lateral kidney d. prone - verified answer a. Fowler The number of persons required to position a patient in stirrups is: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 - verified answer b. 2 For the patient in the prone position, the weight of the body should be borne by the: a. iliac crests and acromion processes b. ischial spines and coccyx c. sternum and pubis d. abdomen and chest - verified answer a. iliac crests and acromion processes For a right nephrectomy, the patient would be placed in the _____ position. a. right lateral kidney b. left lateral kidney c. Sims d. Kraske - verified answer b. left lateral kidney Which of the following antiseptics could stain the skin? a. isopropyl alcohol b. chlorhexidine gluconate c. hexachlorophene d. iodine - verified answer d. iodine The skin prep area for a carpal tunnel release would include: a. the foot to 3 inches above the knee b. the hand and arm to 3 inches above the elbow c. the abdomen from nipple line to pubis d. the chest from sternum to bedline and from clavicle to umbilicus - verified answer b. the hand and arm to 3 inches above the elbow The surgical specimen which is examined immediately by the pathologist is a(n): a. amputated limb b. culture c. foreign body d. frozen section - verified answer d. frozen section Which of the following lab values falls within the normal range? a. hemoglobin of 6-8 grams b. white blood cell count of 15,000 c. specific gravity of urine 1.055 d. hematocrit of 45% - verified answer d. hematocrit of 45% Induced hypothermia may be accomplished by all of the following except: a. drugs b. packing the body in ice c. irrigating with cold fluids d. use of cooling blankets - verified answer a. drugs Correct hand placement for cardiac compressions during CPR is: a. lower third of the sternum b. epigastrium c. between the scapulae d. on the left side of the chest above the heart - verified answer a. lower third of the sternum The symptoms of traumatic shock are: a. cool clammy skin, weak rapid pulse, dilated pupils b. hot dry skin, fast pulse, constricted pupils c. redness, rash, swollen eyes, dyspnea d. cool clammy skin, slow pulse, Kussmaul breathing - verified answer a. cool clammy skin, weak rapid pulse, dilated pupils Should a cardiac arrest occur in the OR, the role of the scrub is to: a. perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation b. perform cardiac compressions c. obtain crash cart d. maintain the sterile field and keep track of counts - verified answer d. maintain the sterile field and keep track of counts Governmental and professional agencies and organizations, whether voluntary (governmental) or involuntary, have a significant influence on patient safety policies in the healthcare setting. Select the agency or organization statement that presents a true reflection of its focus or purpose. d. "Primum non nocere" (first do no harm). - verified answer c. "The primary role of the surgical nurse is to protect the patient from the surgery." After Sara Martin emerged from anesthesia and was extubated, she was transferred to the PACU by the anesthesia provider and perioperative nurse. She had an excision of a benign subglossal cyst. A hand-off report was given to the accepting PACU nurse. The anesthesia provider and perioperative nurse described the procedure, allergies, weight in kilograms, intake and fluid loss, anesthetics and medications, pain, and several other critical parameters of physiologic status. Choose the answer below that completes the blanks in this sentence: _________________________ is the first element of information that should be shared in the hand-off report; the ______________________ has the responsibility for the ultimate transfer of information. a. PACU bed space number; anesthesia provider b. The names and roles of the perioperative nurse and anesthesia provider; receiving PACU nurse c. Patient identification; receiving PACU nu - verified answer c. Patient identification; receiving PACU nurse The OR is a danger-prone area for both patients and staff. Providing a safe environment of care for the patient involves identifying, mitigating, and managing the hazards inherent in surgical care. Choose the answer below that completes the blanks in this sentence: The risk of the surgical hazard of _________________ can be mitigated through ________________________. a. Wrong patient, wrong site, and wrong side surgery; site marking and presurgical checklists b. Electrical and thermal burns; alcohol-free prep solution c. Surgical site infection; flash sterilization d. Surgical airway fire; fire extinguishers in every OR - verified answer a. Wrong patient, wrong site, and wrong side surgery; site marking and presurgical checklists Laparoscopic procedures that emergently convert to open procedures place the patient at risk for unintentional retained foreign objects (RFOs). What new and evolving risk reduction strategy could prevent RFOs and frustrating, time-consuming miscount adventures at the end of these procedures? a. Creating precounted laparotomy sets with only the few necessary instruments b. Performing radiologic surveillance on all conversion procedures at closure c. Counting all instruments including a laparotomy set before the laparoscopy d. Replacing or tagging sponges and laparotomy instruments with RFID chips - verified answer d. Replacing or tagging sponges and laparotomy instruments with RFID chips Norma Miller, a 49-year-old long-distance runner with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, was scheduled for a hysteroscopy. During the procedure, sterile saline was used to expand the intrauterine compartment and enhance visualization. The perioperative nurse meticulously monitored fluid use and documented infiltration to the uterus and fluid collected as drainage from the uterus. The perioperative nurse was concerned that approximately 500 ml of fluid was unaccounted for and alerted the surgeon. The nurse's motive for this surveillance was to: a. determine the potential for intravascular uptake of fluid or third spacing. b. estimate the likelihood for fluid puddles on the floor, causing a fall hazard. c. determine the potential for dependent pooling under the patient and subsequent electrical burn. d. determine the potential for dependent pooling under the patient and sacral maceration. - verified answer a. determine the potential for intravascular uptake of fluid or third spacing. Spencer Robertson is a 4-week-old frail neonate who had a rectal exam and dilatation under anesthesia following prior surgery for imperforate anus. When the drapes were removed from Spencer, the perioperative nurse noted an area of redness, swelling, and abrasions on the buttocks of the patient. Spencer had been positioned prone for 20 minutes. The nurse who noted the skin condition had relieved the circulating nurse and quickly reviewed the perioperative record and patient chart, but had not seen the patient before positioning. Which of the following safety factors may have contributed to this event? a. Neonates have extremely delicate skin prone to injury. b. Preoperative skin condition was not assessed and documented. c. The relieving nurse did not receive a hand-off report from the circulating nurse. d. All of these options are contributing factors. - verified answer d. All of these options are contributing factors. Weighing sponges is a valuable tool for meticulous calculation of blood and fluid loss when conducted correctly and used in appropriate circumstances. Select the response that correctly reflects the best practice in weighing sponges. a. Calculate all sponge weight results at the end of the case. b. Use the following to calculate loss: 1.5 grams = 1.2 milliliters = 1.5 cc. c. Consider saline-soaked sponges equal to blood-soaked sponges when urine is involved in the operative field. d. Combine sponge weight values with irrigation measurement values to calculate estimated blood loss. - verified answer d. Combine sponge weight values with irrigation measurement values to calculate estimated blood loss. During a particularly long and bloody spinal fusion procedure for scoliosis, the perioperative nurse collected, monitored, and spun down the blood collected in the autotransfusion cell salvage system. She was able to provide the anesthesia provider with three units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) by the end of the procedure. As the team calculated the estimated blood loss (EBL) as wound closure ended, the perioperative nurse also: a. added the total from the suction canister. b. excluded the suction canister since cell salvage returned blood to the patient. c. included suction content, subtracting irrigation amount used. d. requested hemoglobin and hematocrit levels to quantify EBL. - verified answer c. included suction content, subtracting irrigation amount used. As the pediatric cardiac team prepared to cannulate for a coarctation repair, their neonate patient presented with a sudden dysrhythmia, ectopy, and failure to respond to digitalis. Point-of-care serum electrolyte measurements revealed low potassium, sodium, and magnesium levels. On anesthesia induction, only 35 minutes earlier, these values were at normal levels and the patient status was secure. The electrolyte levels were treated to normal and the patient was cannulated and placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. As the procedure continued the team pondered the cause to prevent a recurrence. What possible event could have caused, or contributed to, this loss of electrolytes? a. Unreported patient diarrhea before surgery b. Unnoticed arterial bleeding from disconnected arterial line c. Sterile water from back table switched with heparinized saline d. Missed breast-feeding 2 hours before procedure - verified answer c. Sterile water from back table switched with heparinized saline Informed consent is both a requirement and a patient right. The perioperative nurse's responsibility in terms of informed consent is to: b. Recalculate numbers on white board, check back table and Mayo stand, dump and check linen and trash, verify suture packs, notify team of possible missing needle; however, it probably - verified answer c. Notify team of needle discrepancy; recount needles on and off sterile field and white board; check sterile field, Mayo stand, and back table; check floor, under OR table, bottoms of shoes, pants' cuffs, and sterile sleeve cuffs; check sponge bags and kick bucket. Early on, during the preliminary sponge count on closure of a repair of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, the circulating nurse was unable to account for 2 lap sponges. He had meticulously maintained accountability for all sponges and instruments discarded from the sterile field and bagged each sponge carefully. He immediately turned and addresses the entire team in a clear voice. Select the appropriate communication that the circulating nurse must employ during this count discrepancy. a. "Stop everything." "I'm missing a couple sponges." "They are not in the trash or back table." "Check the wound." b. "I think you are missing 2 sponges." "Shall I call x-ray while the scrub person checks her table again?" "Doctor, please check the incision." c. "We have a count discrepancy." "We started with 70 sponges and find only 68." "We are missing 2 lap sponges." "Everyone, please check your areas." d. "I've called x-ray b - verified answer c. "We have a count discrepancy." "We started with 70 sponges and find only 68." "We are missing 2 lap sponges." "Everyone, please check your areas." Sandra Williams was presented with the prepared informed consent form during the discussion with her surgeon concerning her scheduled vaginal-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy. She demonstrated and verbalized that she understood all of the tenets of the procedure, risks, expected outcome, complications, and procedural process. Before she signed the consent form, she informed the surgeon that she did not want any medical students or surgical residents performing any parts of the procedure other than assisting and did not want any photographs of her body taken. The surgeon agreed and she crossed out those portions of the form and initialed them before she signed. Sandy was exercising her: a. understanding and rights under the Patient Self-Determination Act. b. right to informed consent. c. autonomy to protect herself from negligence and malpractice. d. hope that everyone would honor HIPAA. - verified answer b. right to informed consent. Monica Sorensen, a patient with end-stage pancreatic cancer, was admitted from hospice for a celiac plexus block to treat intractable pain. She had a Whipple procedure 18 months earlier and enjoyed good quality of life until 3 weeks ago. She wanted to be able to complete "getting her things in order" and saying good-bye to her friends and family while enjoying her last days pain-free. Monica insisted that her Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) status NOT be rescinded. She was conscious and competent and knew what was best for herself. Monica was taking full advantage of what provision for her care? a. Patient Self-Determination Act b. Advance directives c. Informed consent d. Patient Self-Determination Act and advance directives - verified answer d. Patient Self- Determination Act and advance directives Which of the following diagnoses is currently used in most jurisdictions of the world to define a state of irreversible death? a. higher brain death b. myocardial infarction c. respiratory arrest d. whole brain death - verified answer d. whole brain death Which of the following is NOT one of the "Five Stages of Grief"? a. acceptance b. bargaining c. denial d. repression - verified answer d. repression What type of procedure or care provides a terminal patient with symptom relief or avoidance and improves quality of the remaining life expectancy? a. definitive b. palliative c. supportive d. therapeutic - verified answer b. palliative Which of the following terms represents a positive physical and psychological state of a patient? a. distress b. dyspnea c. eustress d. euthanasia - verified answer c. eustress Under what circumstances would many hospitals rescind (invalidate) a "Do Not Resuscitate/Do Not Intubate" order? a. A patient is admitted to ICU with pneumonia. b. A family member disagrees with patient's wishes. c. A patient must undergo a therapeutic surgical procedure. d. A perianesthesia nurse discovers an unresponsive patient in the PCU. - verified answer c. A patient must undergo a therapeutic surgical procedure. Which of the following is NOT a form of advance directive? a. do not resuscitate (DNR) b. durable power of attorney c. donation after cardiac death d. document of self-actualization - verified answer d. document of self-actualization Maslow's research produced a hierarchical structure of ___________. a. administrative authority b. pathological diseases c. human progression d. insurance reimbursement - verified answer c. human progression d. pancreas - verified answer a. bone A person in a persistent vegetative state (with only basic physiological functions of respiration, blood pressure, and heartbeat intact) is categorized as having suffered which kind of death? a. cardiac b. higher brain c. sudden d. whole-brain - verified answer b. higher brain Which of the following religions believes in reincarnation and that the rebirth is influenced by the previous death experience? a. Judaism b. Muslim c. Buddhism d. atheism - verified answer c. Buddhism Denial, rationalization, regression, and repression are common forms of what type of mechanisms? a. coping b. diagnostic c. physiological d. treatment - verified answer a. coping Which of the following needs of the surgical patient is related to the identification and understanding of an individual's place in the universe and may include his or her views on theology, philosophy, or mythology? a. physical b. psychological c. social d. spiritual - verified answer d. spiritual Which of the following needs of the surgical patient is related to anatomy and physiology, genetics, and pathology? a. physical b. psychological c. social d. spiritual - verified answer a. physical Which of the following procedures would be surgical treatment for an elderly patient's psychological dissatisfaction with his or her appearance? a. blepharoplasty and rhytidectomy b. laparoscopic cholecystectomy c. transurethral resection of prostate d. extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy - verified answer a. blepharoplasty and rhytidectomy Which area of concern or fear would most likely be the main focus for a toddler scheduled for surgery? a. abandonment b. body image c. mortality d. privacy - verified answer a. abandonment Which area of concern or fear would MOST likely be the main focus for a teenage patient having surgery? a. abandonment b. body image c. insurance coverage d. mortality - verified answer b. body image Denial, rationalization, regression, and repression are examples of: a. coping mechanisms b. hierarchy of needs c. physiological stressors d. stages of grief - verified answer a. coping mechanisms Which of the following conditions was defined by the Harvard School of Medicine and include the following physical signs: flat EEG, unresponsiveness, lowered body temperature, and absent pupil reflexes? a. acute myocardial infarction b. higher brain death c. respiratory arrest d. whole-brain death - verified answer d. whole-brain death SIDS (formerly known as "crib death") is categorized as which general category of cause of death? a. accidental b. prolonged c. sudden d. terminal - verified answer c. sudden What type of life-support treatment would be considered ultimately futile and its benefits far outweighed by the financial and emotional burden suffered by the family and health care system? a. curative b. extraordinary c. ordinary c. assessment d. holistic care - verified answer a. leads and cues An abnormal return to a former or an earlier state, particularly infantile patterns of thought or behavior, that can occur from feelings of helplessness and dependency in a patient with a serious physical illness is known as ________. a. comorbid disease b. regression c. a unique need d. musculoskeletal impairment - verified answer b. regression Self-actualization is one's ability to express and achieve ________ goals. a. society b. financial c. professional d. personal - verified answer d. personal In patient-centered care, the surgical team bases assessment, planning, and intervention on the unique needs of the ________. a. surgical technologist b. patient c. surgeon d. patient's family members - verified answer b. patient Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a model for meeting ________ and is used as a reference point for patient care. a. the surgeon's needs b. the patient's family members' needs c. the sterile team's needs d. human needs - verified answer d. human needs Physiological needs are the basic needs for ________ patients. a. all b. some c. young d. elderly - verified answer a. all Pediatric patient groups are defined according to approximate _____________ age ranges. a. physical b. physiological c. chronological d. astronomical - verified answer c. chronological _________ is the body's way of avoiding painful or dangerous environments and stimuli. a. Excitement b. Immobility c. Calmness d. Mobility - verified answer d. Mobility Patients who require surgery but have one or more coexisting diseases have __________ risk of surgery. a. significant b. lower c. same d. no - verified answer a. significant The malnourished patient lacks the necessary ________ to support the process of healing. a. oxygen supply b. basic requirements c. nutritional reserves d. immune responses - verified answer c. nutritional reserves Because many patients with diabetes have compromised vascular systems, their risk of ________ is higher than in patients who are not diabetic. a. surgical site infection b. a physiological response to anesthesia c. regression d. comorbid disease - verified answer a. surgical site infection The patient whose ________ is compromised or suppressed is threatened with postoperative infection and delayed wound healing. a. respiratory system b. immune system c. basic human needs d. nervous system - verified answer b. immune system The patient with AIDS has multiple __________, which deplete the body's reserve for healing. Because the patient does not have a healthy immune system, the potential for postoperative infection is high. a. needs for surgery b. allergies to anesthesia c. comorbid diseases