Étudies grâce aux nombreuses ressources disponibles sur Docsity
Gagnz des points en aidant d'autres étudiants ou achete-les avec un plan Premium
Prépare tes examens
Étudies grâce aux nombreuses ressources disponibles sur Docsity
Obtiens des points à télécharger
Gagnz des points en aidant d'autres étudiants ou achete-les avec un plan Premium
Communauté
Demandes de l'aide à la communauté et dissipes tes doutes concernant l'étude
Guide gratuite
Télécharges gratuitement nos guides sur les techniques d'étude, les méthodes de gestion de l'anxiété, les conseils pour la thèse réalisés par les tuteurs Docsity
Article 16. Ecuador. Yes. Citizens voted in the February 2018 Referendum in favour of a constitutional amendment introducing a limitation to.
Typologie: Exercices
1 / 18
Cette page n'est pas visible dans l'aperçu
Ne manques pas les parties importantes!
Strasbourg, 13 February 2018 Study No. 908/ CDL-REF(2018)0 40 rev Bil. EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION)
Country Constitutional or legislative provisions on limits on re-election of MPs, regional or local representatives and mayors Albania No Article 65 - 71 Algeria No Art. 122. Le mandat du député et du membre du Conseil de la Nation est national. Il est renouvelable et non cumulable avec d'autres mandats ou fonctions. Andorra Non mais en vertu de l’article 55.3 de la Constitution d’Andorre, le Président et le Vice-Président du Parlement ne peuvent pas exercer leur charge au-delà de deux mandats consécutifs complets. Article 51 Armenia No Article 90 Argentina No Article 50 Deputies shall hold office for a term of four years and may be re-elected; but the House shall be renewed by halves every two years; for this purpose those elected for the first legislative session, after meeting, shall draw lots to decide those who shall leave after the first period. Article 56 Senators shall hold office for a term of six years and may be indefinitely re-elected; but the Senate shall be renewed by one-third of the constituencies every two years. Austria No Article 27 - 35 Azerbaijan No Articles 84- 85
Country Constitutional or legislative provisions on limits on re-election of MPs, regional or local representatives and mayors Costa Rica Yes regarding MPs Constitution Article 107 Representatives shall hold office for four years and may not be re-elected to a succeeding term. Municipal government Article 169 The administration of local interests and services in each canton shall be entrusted to the Municipal Government, a deliberative body composed of municipal council members appointed by popular election and an executive officer appointed by law. Article 171 Municipal council members shall be elected for a term of four years and their duties shall be mandatory. Municipal Code Article 14 The executive official indicated in Article 169 of the Political Constitution shall be known as the municipal mayor. […] All popularly elected positions at municipal level stipulated by law shall be popularly elected by means of general elections to be held on the first Sunday in February, two years after the national elections in which the President and Vice Presidents of the Republic and the members of the Legislative Assembly shall be elected. They shall take office on May 1st^ of the same year of the election for a period of four years and can be reelected. Croatia No Article 72
Country Constitutional or legislative provisions on limits on re-election of MPs, regional or local representatives and mayors Cyprus No Article 65 Czech Republic No Article 16 Ecuador Yes. Citizens voted in the February 2018 Referendum in favour of a constitutional amendment introducing a limitation to their mandates: all elected officials can only be re-elected once for the same office Article 114 The authorities elected by the people can be reelected only once, whether consecutively or not, to the same office. Estonia No Article 60 Finland No Section 24 France Non Article 25 Dans le cadre de la réforme des institutions, le gouvernement français a soumis à l’examen du Conseil d’Etat au printemps 2018 un projet de loi organique et un projet de loi ordinaire pour une démocratie plus représentative, responsable, prévoyant notamment la limitation de l’exercice des mandats parlementaires et des fonctions exécutives locales à trois mandats identiques, complets et consécutifs. Projet de loi organique pour une démocratie plus représentative, responsable et efficace^1 : L’ article 11 applique cette interdiction de cumul dans le temps aux mandats parlementaires, en application de l’article 25 de la Constitution qui dispose qu’ « une loi organique fixe la durée des pouvoirs de chaque assemblée, le nombre de ses membres, leur indemnité, les conditions d’éligibilité, le régime des inéligibilités et des incompatibilités ». (^1) http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/15/projets/pl0977.asp
Country Constitutional or legislative provisions on limits on re-election of MPs, regional or local representatives and mayors Voir également l’avis du Conseil d’Etat sur le projet de loi organique du 17 avril 2018 : http://www.conseil- etat.fr/content/download/135454/1372575/version/1/file/394741-394742.pdf Georgia No Article 49 Germany No Article 39 Greece No Article 53 Hungary No Article 2 Iceland No Article 31 Ireland No Article 16 Israel No Basic Law: The Knesset
Country Constitutional or legislative provisions on limits on re-election of MPs, regional or local representatives and mayors marzo 2018 nei collegi plurinominali e uninominali ). But it must be stressed that in Italy the political parties are simple private associations, subject to the general legal status of this kind of association (Article 36 of the Civil Code). The rule is not binding from the legal point of view. Locally elected representatives and mayors Members of the Regional Council There is NO Constitutional provisions on term limits of member of regional councils (see Article 122, par. 1, It. Const.: “The regional electoral system and the causes for disqualification and incompatibility of the President, the other members of the Regional Government and the Regional councilors shall be established by regional law in accordance with the fundamental principles established by a law of the Republic, which shall also establish the terms of elected offices”) Other provisions NO President of the Regions There is NO Constitutional provisions on term limits (see Article 122, par. 1, It. Const.: “The regional electoral system and the causes for disqualification and incompatibility of the President, the other members of the Regional Government and the Regional councilors shall be established by regional law in accordance with the fundamental principles established by a law of the Republic, which shall also establish the terms of elected offices”) Other provisions YES: after two consecutive terms, the President of the Regional Government cannot be immediately reelected (see Article 2, par. 1, Law No. 165 of 2004, establishing that regions has to follow the fundamental principle that after two terms, President of regions cannot be immediately re-elected). There is – obviously – also a number of regional laws that provides in conformity with this ‘fundamental principle’ imposed by the national law (see, e.g., Law of Marche No. 27 of 2004, Article 3bis; Law of Lazio No. 2 of 2005, Article 2, par. 5bis
Country Constitutional or legislative provisions on limits on re-election of MPs, regional or local representatives and mayors Limitation of mandates of locally elected representatives In Korea, the term of office of the head of a local government shall be four years, and he/she may continue to hold office for maximum three terms (Article 95 of the Local Autonomy Act). Article 95 (Term of Office of Head of Local Government) The term of office of the head of a local government shall be four years, and he/she may continue to hold office for the maximum three terms. Kosovo No Article 66 Kyrgyzstan No Article 70 Latvia No Article 10 Liechtenstein Non, la Constitution du Liechtenstein prévoit même directement que les députés peuvent être réélus. Article 47
Country Constitutional or legislative provisions on limits on re-election of MPs, regional or local representatives and mayors
Article 51 – 56 Term limits for city mayors are in place (only one consecutive period is allowed). Moldova (Rep.) No Article 63 Monaco No Article 75 Montenegro No Articles 83- 84 Norway No Article 54 Peru A 2017 constitutional amendment ratified by referendum in 2018 prevents representatives and senators from immediate re-election in their respective chambers. A 2015 amendment prohibited the immediate re-election of mayors and regional governors. The CC has ruled in favour of the constitutionality of this amendment. Article 90 Philippines MPs In Asia, only the Philippines adopted term limits for MPs through 1987 constitutional amendments. Senators: Constitution of the Philippines, section 4, Article VI (^2) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2018/623551/EPRS_BRI(2018)623551_EN.pdf, page 4
Country Constitutional or legislative provisions on limits on re-election of MPs, regional or local representatives and mayors Depuis l’adoption de la loi sur la limitation des mandats en 2005, les maires ne peuvent pas briguer plus de trois mandats consécutifs. Article 150 Romania No Article 62 Russia No Article 96 San Marino No Article 3 Dichiarazione dei Diritti di Cittadini e di Principi Fondamentali dell'Ordinamento Sammarinese Serbia No Article 102 Slovakia No. Articles 69, 73 - 74 Slovenia No Article 80 South Africa No Article 89 Spain No, Articles 67 and 70 SC. Situation at regional level: some Autonomous Communities have regulated the term limits: 2 consecutives mandates of 4 years for President. Castilla La Mancha: Ley 11/2003, del Gobierno y del Consejo Consultivo, applying the provisions of the Article 13.2 of the Statute of Autonomy (1997); Extremadura: Ley del Gobierno y del Consejo Consultivo for the President in 2014; Murcia: Ley del Estatuto del Presidente y del Consejo de Gobierno, for the President in 2014; Castilla y León in 2016 by amendment of the Ley del Estatuto de los Altos Cargos de la Administración for the President and regional ministers or councillors.
Country Constitutional or legislative provisions on limits on re-election of MPs, regional or local representatives and mayors No regulation at local level. Switzerland Pas de dispositions relatives à la limitation temporelle des mandats des parlementaires mais en 2009 a été déposé un amendement^3 ( motion Leutenegger, 09.4323 ) à l’article 175 de la Constitution fédérale suisse. Sans que cet amendement ait été adopté, il reste néanmoins pertinent de le citer : « L'article 175 de la Constitution sera complété comme suit: Al. 5 (nouveau) La fonction de conseiller fédéral peut être exercée, au maximum, pendant deux législatures complètes. Al. 6 (nouveau) En cas d'élection extraordinaire au Conseil fédéral, la législature en cours n'est pas prise en compte. L'article 197 de la Constitution sera complété comme suit: Ch. 8 Dispositions transitoires ad article 175 (Composition et élection) Al. 1 La fonction de conseiller fédéral peut être exercée deux fois pour une période de quatre ans. Al. 2 Les conseillers fédéraux qui sont déjà en fonction depuis plus de quatre ans ont le droit de terminer la législature en cours. Al. 3 A condition que la limite fixée à huit ans ne soit pas encore atteinte, ils peuvent alors briguer un nouveau mandat complet. » Article 149 (unlimited 4-year terms) Taiwan No term limits for MP’s Limitation of mandates of locally elected representatives: Mayors of local administrative bodies have two consecutive four-year term limits (Article 55, 56, 57 of the Local Government Act). (^3) https://www.parlament.ch/fr/ratsbetrieb/suche-curia-vista/geschaeft?AffairId=
Country Constitutional or legislative provisions on limits on re-election of MPs, regional or local representatives and mayors State term limits Legislative term limits can be either lifetime or consecutive. In the nine states where the limits are consecutive, once a state legislator has served the maximum number of terms in office, he or she, if eligible, can run for office for the state's other legislative chamber, or leave the legislature. The period of time that a legislator must be out of office before being able to run again is usually two years. In six of the 15 states with limits on state legislators, the limit is a lifetime limit.^4 In total, 21 of the 50 States have passed term limits for State legislators in some form, but due to repeals and court cases, only 15 states currently have legislative term limits in effect.^5 State House term limit by years Senate term limit by years Arkansas 6 8 Arizona 8 8 California 12 (consecutive) 12 (consecutive) Colorado 8 8 Florida 8 8 Idaho Legislative Repeal in 2002 Louisiana 12 (consecutive) 12 (consecutive) Maine 8 8 Massachusetts Ruled Unconstitutional by State Supreme Court Michigan 6 8 Missouri 8 8 Montana 8 8 Nebraska n/a 8 Nevada 12 12 Ohio 8 8 Oklahoma 12 (consecutive) 12 (consecutive) Oregon Ruled Unconstitutional by State Supreme Court (^4) https://ballotpedia.org/State_legislatures_with_term_limits (^5) Deanna Wallace, Legislative Term Limits: Friend or Foe (2015)
Country Constitutional or legislative provisions on limits on re-election of MPs, regional or local representatives and mayors South Dakota 8 8 Utah Legislative Repeal in 2003 Washington Ruled Unconstitutional by State Supreme Court Wyoming Ruled Unconstitutional by State Supreme Court Time-limits for Governors In 36 states, governors are subject to some type of term limits. Gubernatorial term limits can be either lifetime or consecutive, and may be based on years or terms served. In the 28 states where the limits are consecutive, once a governor has served the maximum number of years or terms, he or she must leave the governor's office. In most cases the person may be able to run for another elected position. After a period of time out of office, usually four years, the person is allowed to run for governor again. In eight states, the term limit for the governor is a lifetime limit. Once a governor has served the maximum allowable number of terms in office, that person may never again run for or hold the office of governor.^6 Municipal term limits According to a 2006 survey of municipal governments in the US, the most common mayoral term length is four years. Only 9 percent of the cities surveyed limit the mayor's term. Of the cities that impose limits, most (55 percent) limit the mayor to two terms, 30 percent set the maximum to three terms, and 9 percent allow four terms. Larger cities are most likely to impose term limits. Where term limits are imposed, 54 percent impose a two-term limit, and 28 percent impose a three-term limit. Some cities do not limit the number of total terms that may be served, but rather place a limit on successive terms.^7 Term limits in America’s Twenty Most Populous Cities^8 (^6) https://ballotpedia.org/States_with_gubernatorial_term_limits (^7) https://www.nlc.org/mayors-term, citing Moulder, Evelina. "Municipal Form of Government: Trends in Structure, Responsibility, and Composition." In The Municipal Year Book, 2008. Washington, DC: International City/County Management Association, 2008.
