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CHARLES DICKENS da collegare con Verga Childhood and Early Career Charles Dickens had a tough childhood, filled with hardship and work. At just 15, he was forced to work In a factory, which had a big Impact on how he saw the world. This experience with child labor and poverty would later become key themes in his writing. After his time in the factory, Dickens worked as a newspaper reporter, where he developed his writing skills. He also faced personal struggles, including being arrested although he was eventually released. Focus on Children in His Vvriting Many of Dickens famous novels are based on his own experiences. Books like Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, and Little Dorrit show the tough lives of children during his time. These stories shed light on the difficult conditions faced by poor and vulnerable children. In his novels, children often symbolize goodness, while adults are shown as corrupt or selfish. From Journalism to Novels Although Didkens was a successful journalist, he eventually left that career to focus on writing novels. His works like Bleak House, Hard Times and Great Expectations focus on the challenges faced by the poor and working class during the Industrial Revolution. These novels entertain readers but also criticize the unfair treatment of the lower class. Another of his most famous works, A Christmas Carol highlights his empathy for the poor and his belief in change and redemption. Connection with Readers One of Dickens strengths was his close relationship with his readers. His novels were published In parts, either monthly or weekly allowing him to see how readers reacted to each installment. This direct connection helped him understand what readers liked or didn't like. His writing often included lively dialogues, and he used an omniscient and obtrusive narrator who made comments on the characters situations, making the stories engaging for a wide audience Main Themes 1. Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution: Dickens often showed how industrialization hurt people, especially children and the poor 2. Exploitation of Children: His novels often focused on child labor and neglect. 3. Moral Endings: His stories usually ended with peace and order restored. Bad characters were punished, often by going to prison, while the good ones were rewarded, Setting and Characters The settings in Dickens novels often reflect the double nature of cities. For example, in his portrayal of London, the city appears both beautiful and dangerous, with crime hidden beneath its surface. Children are usually the most important characters in his stories. Unlike adults, who are often shown as corrupt, children represent innocence and goodness Writing Style and Social Commentary — ‘he use exaggeration to amuse but also to aware Dickens writing style is rich and often exaggerated, using lots of description and humor. Although he wrote in simple language. his style could feel heavy at times due to his use of exaggeration Importantiyi Dickens never directly criticized the Middle class, which was his main audience. As a middle-class writer himself, he highlighted the problems of the poor without attacking his readers. His humor and exaggeration helped make the social issues more noticeable while still entertaining readers. Dickens believe in hiarchical division of society connection to the Victorian Era Dickens was one of the most important writers of the Victorian era. Although he belonged to the middle class, he used his Stories to show the suffering of the lower class. However, he didrit directly challenge the middle class but instead made them aware of the problems of the poor without offering radical solutions. The Dickens character are flat not like verga's character There were rewards (middle class) and punisnment ( working class= poor= laziness) His novels are subversive so he say the problerr but not the solution OLIVER TWIST PLOT Oliver Twist is a poor boy of UNKNOVVN parents; he is brought up in a workhouse In an INHUMAN way. He ls later sold to an undertaker as an apprentice, but the CRUELTY and the unhappiness he experiences with his new master cause him to run away to London There he falls into the hands of a gang of young pickpockets, led by the Artful Dodger and trained by the OLDER a Fagin, who try to Make a thief out of him. One day. Oliver Is taken to witness a theft by the gang. Mr Brownlow the victim, Is stricken by Oliver's ragged appearance and after learning more about the boy; decides to take him into his home. Oliver is. EVENTUALLY kidnapped by the gang and forced to commit a BURGLARY during the Job, he is shot and wounded. He is then adopted by Mr Brownlow and at last receives KINDNESS and affection. INVESTIGATIONS are made about who Oliver really ls and it is discovered that he has noble origins. In the end, the gang leaders and Oliver's half-brother, who pald the thleves in order t0 ruin Oliver and have their father's property all for himself, are arrested. OLIVER rappresents innocence. TWVIST is somethin that had been tumed around but it's also an old slang for say execution by hanging Many had negative reaction and predicted for him a criminal life. The setting is London that's divided in two part that correspond to the two social class=lower class Cruled by the church that had a negative behaviour) and upper classes. There's also the criminal part -> there's no reward for the lower class because poverty= laziness. The best word is that of the middle class-> they help people indeed doing charity. For them there is a reward. City and country side > city is an evil city but the county side is not spolled by industrial revolution so is see pure and Innocent. Language He use simple dialogs with slangs. WWhile there are some dialog with middle man the language is more formal. Themes cruelty of Institution effects Of poverty in children's life, exploitation of childreen There's also a negative start but a good end because this charters usually have a nobile origins and that's why they have a reward. n" DLIVER TWIST @harles Dickens ; PHARIFRASTIC He uses indirect expression to describe something simple usually for Ironic effect. = confronto tra oliver twist e rosso Malpelo chiedere alla prof approfondire kids also are very thin because of their poverty meanwhile adults are fat în verga character are dynamic but in dickens are flat. He use in Oliver an exaggeration He make evil actions but Dicken says that he's always correct. AIl the characters are caricatures. Dickens is good to chose name -> twist = from rough to the star because he has nobile origins HARD TIMES PLOT The story opens in a schoolroom in an imaginary industrial mill town called Coketown. Here the pupils are being indoctrinated by Thomas Gradgrind, an educator who believes that facts. and not imagination or emotion, are the key to a good education. He has founded a school where his theories are taught, and he brings up his two children, Louisa and Tom, In the same way, repressing their feelings. He has, however, a great sense of responsibility towards young people. In fact, when one of his students, Sissy Jupe, ls abandoned by her father, a circus performer, Mr Gradgrind takes her in to provide her with education, sustenance and family life. At Mr Gradgrind's request, Louisa dutifully marries his older friend, Mr Josiah Bounderby, a banker and manufacturer, who calls his factory workers "HandsBounderby is thirty years older than Louisa, who accepts the marriage not because she loves him, but because she thinks it Will help her brother Tom, who ls apprenticed to Mr Bounderby Louisa's brother becomes lazier and lazier and Increasingly selfish and eventualiy decides to rob his employer. At first, he succeeds in a throwing suspicion on an honest workman, but he ls finally found out and obliged to leave the country. In the end, Bounderby dies of an unknown affliction in the street. Mr Gradgrind understands the damage he has caused to his children and gives up his narrow-minded, materialistic philosophy Tom dies on his way back from America after (apologising to Louisa. Louisa never marries again and decides to live a life of charity and kindness with her dear friend Sissy and her children. 13 BOOKS Tom Luisa and Sissy are the seeds planted by Gradgrind and Boundelbly Show what seeds became. This went in a terriblenegative way. Tom becomes criminal and Luisa in unhappy in her Marriage Theme of Marriage: usually Marriage in synonym of happiness and Stability but here in Dickens is described as a prison. She didnt want to bisi) some 30 da older then her. There is the tneme of double in marriage Luisa's sadness and Tom and Boundelbly deaths There is instability. Life based of facts and nit emotions dont porta to positive thing Marriage is usually associated with happiness or stability, but in Dickens work, it is different. Louisa marries a man 30 years older than her, not out of love, but due t0 societal pressure. The story explores the theme of double standards in marriage and how it doesnt lead to happiness. This is the only novel by Dickens not set in London, but in Coketown (a fictional industrial city). Even though the city is fictional it is based on real industrial towns Dickens visited, all characterized by pollution, noise, and uniformity In the story Coketown is seen as the best place by the characters because they value hard work and money above all The workers are called ‘hands* by Boundelbly Symbolizing dehumanization There is a stark contrast between Coketown and the world of Sissy. who comes from a more emotional, vibrant life. She live in circusDickens criticizes the industrial revolution for promoting materialism and dehumanization. People in Coketown are taught to Suppress emotions and only focus on utility and MONEY. 1. Dehumanization: The industrial revolution turned workers into mere tools for production. Dickens critiques this, showing that people's worth should not be defined by how useful they are to the system 2. Class Struggle: In Dickens' time, the working class had no chance to improve their lives due to a lack of rights. The upper classes were determined to maintain this gap and continue exploiting the workers. 3. Imagination vs Facts: Imagination, emotions, and creativity are essential in life Dickens contrasts this with the cold, factual mindset promoted by industrial society “ children and adults Dickens criticizes the objective, fact-based education that ignores emotional development. He shows how a society driven by materialism leads to unhappiness and exploitation. CHARACTERS valutare. ridurre in polvere Mr Grada ridato System is fact-centred and not child-centred: his task is to destroy his pupils' imagination and creativity One of his followers is Mr Bounderby; his name comes sromGounda man who behaves unfalriy. In fact, he treats the workers in his factory as emotionless objects easily exploited for his own self-interest. Mr Choakumchild is a teacher at Mr Gradgrind's school: his teaching ‘chokes’ or suffocates, the children's minds and imagination. children were seen like empty thing to fell with no emotion only notions. Gradgrindis life is based only on factshe has caves In eyes and a dito squadrato 
