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exercise 134 english book, Esercizi di Lingua Inglese

exercise 134 English book first year

Tipologia: Esercizi

2022/2023

Caricato il 12/11/2025

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Exercise pag 134: type morpheme
-Un-happi-ly: un=bound derivational; happi=free; ly=bound derivational
morpheme
-In-evit-able: in= bound derivational suffix; evit= free; able= derivational
bound
-Susan-s: susan=free; s=inflectional
-Govern-ment-al: govern= free; ment=bound derivational; al=bound
morpheme derivational
-News: non divisibile
-Repeat-ed-ly: repeat=free; ed=inflectional morpheme; ly= bound derivational
morpheme
-Photo-gra-phy: photo=free; graph=free; y=bound derivational
-Remember-s: remember= free; s= inflectional
-Recommend-ation-s: recommend=free; ation=derivational bound;
s=inflectional
-Phono-logic-al: phono= free; logic=free; al=bound derivational
Exam simulation 1: revision chapter 3
1-Difference between classical and operand conditioning? (textbook and videos)
Pavlov= classical; operand=skinner (rat cage)
the difference between the two methods:
-PAVLOV or classical method: A dog trainer put a dog in front of food and a
bell.
He gradually removed the food and at a certain point the dog salivated when he
heard the sound, without seeing any food.
He demonstrated that in general we can learn through classical conditioning.
Others around you, condition you, it’s an involuntary conditioning, that is a
difference.
Think about classical conditioning in your life. Ex. perfume. Cinnamon with
apples reminds me of my home.
The difference is:
-is a stimulus
-drill
-the dog is not active, that means is a involuntary condition
The similarities are:
-there are conditioning in both of the approach, the pleasure is in both the
approach, there is a reward and punishment and both the approach are linked
with food.
-SKINNER BOX We are like a RAT in a cage. Occasionally he touched the lever
that got him food. So he learned that by touching it he got the food which gave
him pleasure. This is called operant conditioning, not the classical one; it's a
voluntary conditioning.
the difference is:
-is a voluntary action because the rat is active even is accidentaly happened.
-the rat feel satisfaction and do it again. The dog is passive.
2-Difference between mental a behaviourism? (pag 50-51,66-69)
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Exercise pag 134: type morpheme

  • Un-happi-ly : un=bound derivational; happi=free; ly=bound derivational morpheme
  • In-evit-able : in= bound derivational suffix; evit= free; able= derivational bound
  • Susan-s: susan=free; s=inflectional
  • Govern-ment-al : govern= free; ment=bound derivational; al=bound morpheme derivational
  • News : non divisibile
  • Repeat-ed-ly : repeat=free; ed=inflectional morpheme; ly= bound derivational morpheme
  • Photo-gra-phy : photo=free; graph=free; y=bound derivational
  • Remember-s: remember= free; s= inflectional
  • Recommend-ation-s : recommend=free; ation=derivational bound; s=inflectional -Phono-logic-al : phono= free; logic=free; al=bound derivational Exam simulation 1: revision chapter 3 1-Difference between classical and operand conditioning? (textbook and videos) Pavlov= classical; operand=skinner (rat cage) the difference between the two methods:
  • PAVLOV or classical method: A dog trainer put a dog in front of food and a bell. He gradually removed the food and at a certain point the dog salivated when he heard the sound, without seeing any food. He demonstrated that in general we can learn through classical conditioning. Others around you, condition you, it’s an involuntary conditioning, that is a difference. Think about classical conditioning in your life. Ex. perfume. Cinnamon with apples reminds me of my home. The difference is: -is a stimulus -drill -the dog is not active, that means is a involuntary condition The similarities are: -there are conditioning in both of the approach, the pleasure is in both the approach, there is a reward and punishment and both the approach are linked with food. -SKINNER BOX We are like a RAT in a cage. Occasionally he touched the lever that got him food. So he learned that by touching it he got the food which gave him pleasure. This is called operant conditioning , not the classical one; it's a voluntary conditioning. the difference is: -is a voluntary action because the rat is active even is accidentaly happened. -the rat feel satisfaction and do it again. The dog is passive. 2-Difference between mental a behaviourism? (pag 50-51,66-69)

Behaviourism is based on observation and empirical evidence. Mentalism relies on pure belief. In the behaviourist approach (classical and operant) learn through a repetition (DRILLS) of phrases without any contest, through the environment and habits. Tabula rasa. On the other hand, the mental approach believes that we have a mental device since we are born and that allows us to learn the deeper structures of the

language since we are born. It’s linked with

Chomsky and the children learning. Chomsky disagreed and rejected behaviourism because he knew that a child learns the deeper structure of the language. They learn their parents language regardless of the family teaching them. Non è tutto dato dall’ambiente abbiamo delle capacità innate date dalla lingua. His hypothesis is called INNATENESS HYPOTHESIS, in which children are biologically set up to recognize the patterns of the language. 3-What does research show about the Existence of innate mental device that helps the language acquisition? (pag 50-57) CIAMPSTICK CONNECTIVISM (Chomsky) Chomsky disagreed and rejected behaviourism because he knew that a child learns the deeper structure of the language. They learn their parents language regardless of the family teaching them. Non è tutto dato dall’ambiente abbiamo delle capacità innate date dalla lingua. His hypothesis is called INNATENESS HYPOTHESIS, in which children are biologically set up to recognize the patterns of the language. Only one beings have the ability of learning language. The children don’t imitate correctly and make up words and structures. PAG 52 WANNA/WANT TO. Who do you wanna invite to the party? A child would never say “Who do you want to fire John?” because he learned the deeper structures thanks to his brain that distinguish “Want to” from “wanna”. There are times where we can’t say wanna. He understands this so the deeper meaning. Innatess is supported by the native acquisition of sign language by deaf kids. It seems that children all learn the same things: es. They learn the order, later the verb. WIKOSKY SOCIAL INT (Vygotskij) though we learn a language by discussing , chatting and acting with other people, through social interaction. Easier by living in the country that you wanna learn. Per spiegare che è innato si incentra in una zona del cervello “hard wired” l’abilità di imparare una lingua è in tutti. Use the criticism in pdf 3. 4-Mention possible individual difference in language learning. (pag 72-74)

 - Velum (velar) [k]  - Tounge Vowel= vocale stress syllables=sillabe accentate WEAK VOWELS Italian tend to pronounce every stress syllables strong and clear. Ex. book(kk) English use weak vowels. In English they use the Schwa and another sound (ex. really).

  1. explain the importance of plosives in English and give example. Generally the letters p, t, k, b, d, g in English words (ex. pat, kid, bag, pepper) are examples of plosives. They tend to have an explosion to them. The stop sound interrupt the pronunciation (ex. get). Sometimes the letter at the start is aspirated, as in top and tap, the T is. First you press and then you explode (pressing the lips and then releasing them). 11.What is the difference in the pronunciation of the ‘t’ consonant in ‘top’ and ‘pat’ in British standard English. At the begging the sound [t] in top is stronger (real explosion top) than in “pat”, that’s less strong Exam simulation: chapter 4
  2. Mention voiced and unvoiced consonats. Then explain the repercussion of the distinction of the pronunciation of some inflectional morphemes. Pag 86 of the textbook and the two videos from the chapter on phonetics and phonology: plural nouns how to pronounce them. The difference between S, P, T, K(unvoiced=SORDE they are the hard ones) and Z, G, B, L(voiced, they are softer). Pag 102 1.2.3.
  3. Look up the following words in an online dictionary and compare the pronunciation transcription of the vowel sounds: shoe, food, loo, book, foot, hood, look. Which are the short and long vowels? (pag 96, 100-102) GROUP 1: long vowels. ʃ ːu , /lu /, /fu d/ CON I 2 PUNTI perchè allunga la vocale. ː ː ː=symbolize vowel (and also consonat) lenght. It’s not a colon, but two triangles facing each other in an hourglass shape. GROUP2: short vowels /b ʊk/, /f ʊt/, /h ʊd/, /l ʊk/ Pag 96 lista vocali complete. Hanno tutti la ʊ, vocale quasi posteriore quasi chiusa arrotondata.
  4. Why are stress, tone and word juncture included in phonology? (pag 102-103) Rhythm and stress can change the meaning. Example: “Let’s Hunt Sam” is different than “Let’s hunt, Sam”: the emphasys is different. Even if there are no comma in speaking, the pronunciation is different->different intonation.