Future
Present simple = for scheduled events (eventi programmati)
Present continuous = for arrangements (accordi)
Will = for promises and hopes, and predictions, and instant decisions
Going to = for intentions, and for prediction based on evidence
May/Might = for uncertain predictions about the future
Future Perfect
Will+have+participio passato
We use to talk about an action that will be finished before a definite time in the future
Future continuous
Will+be+Verb-ing
We use to talk about an action in progress at a definite time in the future, and to talk about
an action in progress over an extended period in the future.
Conditional sentences
Zero conditional → condizione: if + present simple, conseguenza: present simple
Si usa per esprimere: verità generali, eventi che si verificano regolarmente, processi
meccanici (a fact, process results)
Per dare istruzioni o consigli si può utilizzare l’imperativo o can nella proposizione principale.
La condizione può anche essere introdotta da unless che equivale a if...not
First conditional → condizione: if + present simple, conseguenza: will + base form
We use the first conditional to talk about a real or very likely action or situation and its
probable result in the present or future.
Quando la conseguenza non è certa, ma solo possibile, si usano may o might invece di will.
La condizione può essere introdotta da unless
Quando indica una condizione certa, si usa when invece di if
Second conditional → condizione: if + past simple, conseguenza: would + base form
We use the second conditional to talk about an imaginary or unlikely situation and its
imagined result (condizioni poco probabili o impossibili, diverse da quelle attuali)
Quando if è seguito dal verbo be, la forma è were per tutte le persone
Invece di would si può usare could per parlare di capacità, e might per esprimere possibilità.
Modals of obligation, prohibition and permission
Must → to talk about a rule, or something that is necessary to do.
Must not → to talk about something that people are not allowed to do.
Have to → similar way to must.
Don’t have to→ to talk about something that isn’t necessary for people to do.
However, they can do it if they want to.
Should → to say that something is the best thing to do. It expresses a mild
obligation.
