Scarica English Verbs: Tenses, Usage, and Forms e più Sintesi del corso in PDF di Lingua Inglese solo su Docsity!
THE 12 ENGLISH VERBS
Simple tenses Present simple: I work Past simple: I worked Future simple: I will work Continuous tenses Present continuous: I’m working Past continuous: I was working Future continuous: I will be working Present perfect: I have worked Past perfect: I had worked Future perfect: I will have worked Present perfect continuous: I have been working Past perfect continuous: I had been working Future perfect continuous: I will have been working Present simple I work, sto parlando in generale e di permanente (all the time) When Permanent We live in New York Routines I wake up at 6. Facts The sun rises in the east Schedules Our class starts at 9. Frequency She always takes the bus Never 0% Rarely 20% Sometimes 50% Often 75% Always 100% How to use Positive sentence I you we they Work He she it Work s Negative sentence I you we they Don’t work He she it doesn’t work Question (where/what/how/why/how often) Do I you we they
Does he she it Short answer Do they need help? Yes, they do/ No they don’t Does he speak French? Yes, he does/ No he doesn’t Do you like this song? Yes, I do/ No I don’t Present continuous I’m workingQualcosa che sta succedendo proprio adesso in un breve tempo When Now the baby is sleeping Around now Is writing a book Temporary We are staying at a hotel Trend The prices of homes are increasing Repeated action they are always making noise (negative) Future She’s flying to Mexico next week How Positive I am working (you we they Are) (he she it Is) Negative I am not working Question Am I working? Add Ing in particular cases Verbs ending in (In, E): lie l ying Verbs ending in (c, v, c): Clap clap ping (consonant vocal consonant) Past simple I workedBefore now, something happened in the past, started and ended in the past When Whit time expression Brian called last week Without time expression I cooked dinner Recent past We visited her yesterday Distant past She lived in London long time a go. One action She talked to her manager Many actions They invited their friends, ordered pizza, and watched the game How Regular verbs : workworked Irregular verbs : gowent Positive I worked Negative didn’t work (torno alla forma base nelle forme negative) Question did I work? Does he work? (torna alla forma base nelle interrogative) Add ed in particular cases Use Used Cry Cried Plan Planned (c,v,c raddoppio. Ultima lettera + ed)
Planned going to “I’m going to visit my family on Sunday” When Arrangements : we are going to meet at the mall I ntentions : I’m going to exercise every day Predictions : it’s going to rain tomorrow Planned events : we’re flying to Lisbon in July (present continuous + times marker) How Subject + to be + going to + verb Positive : I’m going to work Negative : I’m not going to work Question : am I going to work? Answer : No you are How Present continuous + time marker for future Positive: I’m working next week Negative: I’m not working next week Question: am I working next week? Answer: Yes you are Present perfect I have worked connect the present whit the past (action in the past result in the present) I, you, we, they have He, she, it has When (unfinished time/no time expression) Past true : I have seen this movie Past finished : I have finished my homework Past unfinished : I have worked here for five years Recent past result : I have just eaten lunch Past repetitive : I have shopped here for many years For: period of time Since: point in time How Subject + have/has + past participle Positive : I have worked/ he has worked Negative : I haven’t worked Question : have I worked? Answer : Yes I have / No, I haven’t Present perfect continuous (progressive) I have been working Connect present and past (started in the past and continuing in present)
When Started continues : we have been working on this project for six months Started finished : we have been waiting for you Common expressions : I have been studying for three hours I have been studying since 5: How Positive : I have been working / he has been working Negative : I haven’t been working / he hasn’t been working Question : Have I been working / has he been working Answer : Yes I have, no I haven’t Past perfect Parlare di due o più cose successe nel passato e dire quale prima è successa When we arrived, the meeting had started (verbi al past participle 3’ Colonna) When Short time ago : before the guest arriv ed , we had cleaned the house, we had ordered pizza and we had made desert A long time ago : By the time maria moved to Canada, she had graduated from university, she had learned English, and she had worked as a teacher Mixed time : When the president come to power, the economy had improved, the currency had strengthened, and unemployment had decreased How Subject+ had+ past participle (regular/irregular verbs) Positive : I had worked / I had gone Negative : I hadn’t worked Question : had I worked? e poi continuo con il past simple Answer : yes, you had / no, you hadn’t So & Such intensifiers Cosi So si usa per aggettivi non seguiti da sostantivi Such si usa davanti ad aggettivi seguiti da sostantivi So si usa davanti a: much many little e few Such si usa davanti a: lot of con sostantivi plurali e sostantivi non numerabili So & Such si possono usare con That per indicare il risultato di qualcosa Quantifiers Much: non countable Many: count A little: non count Little: non countable Some: both Any: both
past perfect I had made a cake. A cake had been made (by me). future simple I will make a cake. A cake will be made (by me). future perfect I will have made a cake. A cake will have been made (by me). Comparative form Per dire che due cose sono uguali: “as…as” John is as tall as luke Per dire che due cose non sono uguali Jhon is tall er than luke Per dire che qualcosa è molto molto più Far, much more, a lot, little more + Er Per dire che qualcosa è meno Less Conditional form Zero conditional If + present simple, .... present simple. This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one particular situation. The result of the 'if clause' is always the main clause If people eat too much, they get fat. If you touch the fire, you get burned First conditional if + present simple, ... will + infinitive it’s used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can’t know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true. If it rains , I will not go to the park She will be late if the train is delayed Second conditional if + past simple, ...would + infinitive First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true. Maybe I’m imagining some dream for example If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house. (I probably won't win the lottery) Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because is not true
If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him) Third conditional if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle It used to talk about the past. It’s used to describes a situation that didn’t happen, and to imagine the result of this situation. If she had studied , she would have passed the exam (but, really, we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass) She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine Reported speech Say: we can’t use the object Julie said (that) he would be late (say= past simple said) Tell: We need the object he told me , he loved living in London (me= object) Direct speech : I like ice-cream Reported speech : She said (that) she liked ice-cream Reported question
