1) Information Systems
TOPIC OF THE CLASS:
Introduction on Information Systems
Information Systems - Roles & Types
… Sep 2024
What is an Information System?
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Communications Networks
4. Data
5. Procedures
6. People
Information system (IS) is a set of interrelated elements that:
• Collect (input)
• Manipulate (process)
• Store
• Disseminate (output) data and information
• Provide a corrective reaction (feedback mechanism) to meet an objective
Data, Information, and Knowledge
Feedback Value
Information Systems - Roles
Pros: Information can flow up the pyramid faster and more effectively.
Cons: Risks and Threats are spread around the process.
Information Systems - Types
1 Information Systems
1
It is an infrastructure that is meant to manage information.
Data are broad records, raw pieces of individual numbers, text or whatever.
Once we have data, we transform them into information (making them informative) through Information System.
In every organization, if you want to use the data you have to have an IS which is fully integrated with the infrastructures.
Operations it’s the daily business, this is typically the source of the data, because when the company works, it produces
data continuously. It takes the raw data and it sends them up to the next level.
At the managerial level, you manage the data. If you go up in the pyramid the data are transformed into information (more
aggregated the more you go up). If you go down you follow the flow of the essential decisions: there is a loop, it allows
continuous improvement.
To support all these stages, IS need to implement different features. There are several parts that address different
functions. There are systems that support the operation and systems that support the decision making.
