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ERRE MORI (1903-1959 — HE WaS O BORNO IN INDIA IN 1903, HE LAS Soh of A nunioL COLONAL OFAUAL WITH TE NAME “ERIC BUR 0 HE WAS. Epocaged AT Eton, ins ENGUND were WE BEGAN To DEVEWOP ANO (INDEpannenTi= TUNDED? PERSOUALLTY , IND IFFERENCE TO ALEPTED VAMWES And PROFAdZED ATHEISM, AND | SOUALISTY — ON LEAVING coswel WE STARTED. TD Work FR AME TNIDIAD © INPEARIAL PaulcE in BURIA (C\822- 1923) - HE AATED_, Lose IN SURHA Bnsb SICK - LEAVE REMOENED T0 ENGLAND GN “ONCE BAUC IN ENGLAND WE DEVOTED O HINISELE To WAMNGE FoL DUE, POBL\SHING Hus WOPRIS Wa Te PsebbonyH OF GeoeGe ORWELL È oewEL WAI THE NANE SF A ER IN NIE COONTI- OF SUFROLe) — WORKS. —@ Down AND OLT ih PARIS AND London (1933) BuURNESE PAYS (1934) TE ROAD 1 WIGAL PIER CI93Î) WTonnaGE To CATALONIA (1938) ANIMAL FARM (IDUS) NINETEEN — EIGUIY- Fou CUI) FIRST- HAND Ex PERIENUES - BAG IN LONbon Ire STARTED AU SOUAL EXPERIMENT WEARING SEGUÌ + HAND CLoTRES — INTHLS WAY HE DIRECTLY E&PERLENGED POVERTY AND LEAPNED MTOU INSTITUTIONS fot THE POORUIORCED En A986 NE marie Erzen O' SIALEHNEISY IN 4936 O2WwEL WENT (Mo CATALONIAT WTA HS uit to Report ONT SPANSIT CINI WUARI. Tn‘ tonace TO cataronia “1938) HE RIECALEDO THIS EXPERIENCE AS ME mne OF HS TRUE CONVERMOA To fouanisti AND Me (Deals or Becmelttoon Ano ESA LINE _— BAU ino ENGUND, Me SeweLls APORTEDO AN INFANT CHILD AND CALLED HIM RICHARD. _ 0 GILEEN DIED Duane An OPERATION in AGS pa WHEN TIE SE0OND UIORLO WAR Bpoce OUT, ORWal NMoveD To LONDoOL AND IN 294) mne IND Me RBL ChE PUGUSIED ANIMALI Freni ih AMS Uottic4 MApE INTERNATIONAL GUN AND ANANGAUN SEWRE, _ OQeu'$ LAUT Boo, NMSTEEN Ei OUGINAL NOVEL, IT WAS PUBLISHED SELLEC. ORWEUL _ b Fou ups ps ros IN AGUI And Soonj Berane A SET _ oRuar DIED OF TIRERTOLOIS in 4950 HIS VARIOLS EXPERIENCES ABECAD GOITRIBULTED To HS LN OSVAL ABIN To se HIS COUNTRY Rot Me OuTitpe favo TD TUPGE ITS STRIENGIHS O AMD LMEATMESS- — RESECMON. OF Wis ENGUSIH BAUCOZOUNO — He ACUEPTED NEW IDEAS AND IMPOESSIONS — GONFLICT BENSTEN) MIDDLE —CLASS EDUCATION AND ENOTIONAL IDENTIFICATION. Wim Te WoRKdING DAS TUE Rot Of TRE ARMI — TO INFORII, TO MEVERL FAGS AND DER. CONMLUSIONS — FRON THEN ( Seca FUNGION), SOCIAL THENES UE WAS A PROURC Book - REviEvER CAMS, POUTICAL FOURHALST 159 TE TADmon of DANEL Defoe ano TORATHAN SWISS _ HE WAS INRUENTED By DiecenSe iN HS catolce OF! — SOUAL TRENES — REALISMO LANGUAGE - Misery CAVIED By ROVERIY- Pnp DEPRIVATION 2 TRASLANCE ) TONMUS AND PEGENA LM ITUNATO za He RITIAIED TETALITARIANISTÀ, WwaRpinG bg, hl enne li SE Berry AND naPine- o MS reaperd TO pie ITS FoRns- = Te “ NQUELO ISO SET IN A STATE OFC RERPETVAL WAR RENI MIAUENT OF Worwwar TL - — THE SQUEM MEFUETS. Mie ROUTICAL. AMOIPHERE OF THE TYRANNIES V ti SPRAY, GERMANY 7 AND Me SOUET UNNI. 7 er! DESCRLPRONS OF ITUNGER, FORCED (ALE), MASS TORTURE (AND IMPRUSONMENT AND PERPETUAL NONITO ANSE ®Yy TE AUTHORITIGS BIG BROTHER al Losks Lie A COnBinsanoA OR Her AND STAUN OLUaL mape Cueal. THAT HE WAS AGAIRIT ANY Form OF TOTALITARIANIAM —STRLGULE n] © InSTBODOTIONI OF_TRE PROTAGONIAT, AIRIATO' è rumfo ST OA: ins Ti OPPUESSIVE WORLO e UINITON AND TUUA'S Loué; HAPA NESS © WINSTON'S IMPRAIONTIENT* AND TOPMORE 7. uiilegtene sù s Uendente in THE MyTMICAL COUNTRY CF CUZANIA " A934 GiniTte Aorver) LONDON A DESOLATED UTY GOVERNED By TERROR 7 AND CONITANTI GONTRAUL OF Bi RPSstHeble UINSTON STUTIT) Lotto SYInBousES Ame sente © F ) A FEZANEG THAT BEALTY AND TEUTA BENE TO me PAX. Pai — tue nane anima! (e me commonettT Encus TE PROTAGONISTI SURNANE so THE (rego is A Sort oF_EUSIYRANE uvvistonià srotes Cimecmiuis) eatrioni AFPEALSÌ DURINE- Tit SSUND WORLD WAR" BUD, SUSAT AND meRRSI IS OPERIENOE — © ALIENAMON Feo SOLE REBELION AGAINST Tre Party SEARCH POR SPIRITVAL ANO MORAL I NTEGRAME TN THE FIRST uo PARIS. OF THE NOVEL, WINSTOJ eumzenes opuear's POINT OF WEW. Cale Broriies.) * 1S Te PERCEVED BULEL. OF CUTANIA 0. HE LUO0CS AO COnBiuamon OF /ASIUER. ano STAVA) 0 BIG BEGIER!S GOD- Lis IMAGE 1S STANPED on coins fAend PRojeGiEdD ON TELESCLEENS , Guùap. WIANSTON'S 25 -yEaR- OLD Lover Ste 15 A BEAUTIFUL, DARC- HAIRED UUONANI Lutto ENJOYS ser AND UAinS SRE HAD AFFAILS WITH MANY PARTY nEIBERS e SWE IS OPTIMSTICO (vd MER REBELLIOA) !S SNALL AND PERSONAL RIE VATI II Iii iti ci ici CASA GA GA AA STEIN 0° DANGELOLS TIYSTERIOUS | EMENV e NAME (INSPIRED By Trorzikiz'!s SURNANE | BESTEN ® THEME of NEUESSI of AN ENENV ONTO WHICH PEOPLE| ANGER |S PRIVEN SRERESASNANZIEZ, CA cjeronao noci) A FRIGUTENING © PICTURE OF THE FUTURE | TUE PARTY CONTROL pei AL = msc 'nemnol0 8 sono casi — mMemIeAAR{ eegsUipES Force |ueny = e e FINERES”, — IMPOZIANIE OF MENOR/P AND ABISP — ABAUIIMNENT of /MNNDISIBUALIFYE7AnD REALM — SANA AGAINST AINERARZOICAL sccuemes — DOLONENTARY REALSIL — PARSO) Anp_semRE ia è _ FESSO Tone — NO CONSOLA BUT Giù — ea (SC 20-15 REALITY — THE Aumor SiMfaTtiiazeS USITA PERLELDTED PEORE @ To wreen (CD) TO PRIVEAL FAGS. AND PRAWL CONCUSION Feo THet © To Gue AN INTERPRETATION OF REALTÀ Nav SPERA © ANEIOIPEAL IS TE LOFRCIAL pi UANGAGSI OF OLTANIA o Tie GOAL OF Tue PAENY \S TO HA NQDAPENE ReAATE (OLOSPEAR ( StanDARO ENGUH) o NSUIPENC ELININATES LNDELIRABLE WORDS AND INVENTS. NEW WEEDS — ALU TO FORCE PARNY CONFORMINE dA TO EUNUVATE UTERATURE 5 TOUGHTS IND IDOUBUERIVE * 1 me NANIPOATON OF ME TUND BY MAKING o MAKES PROPIE REUEE THAT Miei PABMY IS TE ON IN ETITO TION THAT KNOWS PAGHT FROM WEONO © TE TUNISTRY OF TRUTH (WHERE. 4) INSTON WORKS) 16.8 George Orwell and political dystopia CIVARMUP.) | piscuss.Do you think the question of privacy is a pressing one in contemporary society? | Can you provide examples of ways in which technology has changed access to our private lives and information? horn a A Big Brother is watching you BIG BROTHER George Orwell Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) Part I, Chapter I This extract gives an insight into the life in London, the capital of Airstrip One in Oceania, a totalitarian state where men have lost control of their inner being. The only person who tries to resist indoctrination is the protagonist ofthe book, Winston Smith. Td) Inside the flat a fruity' voice was reading out a list of figures which had something 16 WATCHIN G 3.7 | to do with the production of pig-iron*. The voice came from an oblong metal plaque like a dulled mirror which formed part of the surface of the right-hand wall. Winston turned a switch and the voice sank somewhat, though the words Q 5 were still distinguishable. The instrument (the telescreen, it was called) could be dimmed', but there was no way of shutting it off completely. He moved over to the window: a smallish, frail figure, the meagrenesss of his body merely emphasized by the blue overalls$ which were the uniform of the Party. His hair 1 Poster of Big Brother was very fair, his face naturally sanguine, his skin roughened by coarse” soap and blunt razor as it appears in the film adaptation of Nineteen 10 blades? and the cold ofthe winter that had just ended. Eighty-Four directed by Outside, even through the shut window-pane, the world looked cold. Down in the street little Michael Anderson, 1956. eddies? of wind were whirling dust and torn paper into spirals, and though the sun was shining and the sky a harsh blue, there seemed to be no colour in anything, except the posters that were plastered everywhere. The blackmoustachio'd'° face gazed down from every commanding corner. Is There was one on the house-front immediately opposite. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING fruity. Mellifiua. YOU, the caption said, while the dark eyes looked deep into Winston's own. Down at street Piston: chia. dj; j; i; ffuscato. level another poster, torn at one corner, flapped fitfully in the wind, alternately covering and TdimmediGscltio: meagreness. Magrezza. overalls. Tuta da lavoro. coarse. Scadente. blunt razor blades. ‘uncovering the single word INGSOC. In the far distance.a helicopter skimmed down* between the roofs, hovered® for an instant like a bluebottle, and darted* away again with a curving flight. 0 It was the police patrol‘, snooping” into people's windows. The patrols did not matter, however. Lamette non affilate. Only the Thought Police mattered. siede ni Behind Winston's back the voice from the telescreen was still babbling away about pig-iron 10 blackmoustachio'd. and the overfulfilment of the Ninth Three-Year Plan. The telescreen received and transmitted Coni baffi neri. simultaneously. Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would " i mn s be pickedupbyit; moreover, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal a jabimmei dora (olva plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard. There was of course no way of knowing 13. hovered. Volteggiò. whether you were being watched at any given moment. How often, or on what system, the “ a Tafano, Thought Police plugged in' on any individual wire was guesswork'. It was even conceivable that js darted. Sfrecciò, they watched everybody all the time. But at any rate they could plug in your wire whenever they 16 patrol. Pattuglia. wanted to, You had to live — did live, from habit that became instinct — in the assumption that 1 meonne dela | &very Hound you made was overheard, and, except in darkness, every movement scrutinized. 18 plugged in. Si [n Winston kept his back turned to the telescreen. It was safer; though, as he well knew, even — Epna a IN iù citt be revealing. A kilometre away the Ministry of Truth, his place of work, towered vast mistero, Ù | i I î bl Mi n Li ee e and white above the grimy*° landscape. This, he thought with a sort of vague distaste — this was 2° (©) TEXT BANK 124-125: NINETELN EIGHTY.FOUF grimy. Sudicio. 21 rolting. Imputridite, 35 London, chief city of Airstrip One, itself the third most populous of the provinces of Oceania. He cadenti. tried to squeeze out some childhood memory that should tell him whether London had always 3al bored up: frber. been quite like this. Were there always these vistas of rotting* nineteenth-century houses, their Lino ti comi rn di sides shored up with baulks of timber®, their windows patched® with cardboard and their roofs 23 patched. Rappezzate. with corrugated iron, their crazy garden walls sagging* in all directions? And the bombed sites 5 ene 4 where the plaster dust swirled in the air and the willow-herb straggled over the heaps of rubble*; +. rubble, La and the places where the bombs had cleared a larger patch and there had sprung up sordid Ser fonte colonies of wooden dwellings* like chicken-houses? But it was no use, he could not remember: disordinatamente sui nothing remained of his childhood except a series of bright-lit tableaux”, occurring against no le Het È background and mostly unintelligible. dini ; 4 The Ministry of Truth - Minitrue, in Newspeak® - was startlingly different from any other” ea Quadri object in sight. It was an enormous pyramidal structure of glittering white concrete», soaring 28. Nevespeale Si atta up?°, terrace after terrace, 300 metres into the air. From where Winston stood il was just possible Sellalingua ufficiale to read, picked out on its white face in elegant lettering, the three slogans of the Party: 29 glittering ... concrete Scintillante ... cemen 30. soaring up. Che si WAR IS PEACE innalzava. 50 . FREEDOM IS SLAVERY IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH COMPREHENSION ANALYSIS 7 ANALYSEthethree slogans ofthe 2 READandgather information (4 DISCUSSthe symbolic meaning ofthe Party i about the social and political elements concerning Winston Smith's 1 What kind of words does Orwell organisation of Oceania as description. employ? i | regards: security and control; 1 His name ‘Winston’: who may have 2 How does this affect the meanin people's private lives; language; | inspired Orwell in the choice of such of each slogan? politics. a name? rca ein | 2 His surname ‘Smith': how would you 8 DISCUSS. What does Orwell atta. . explain the choice of such a common in the passage? What danger does 3 NOTE DOWN the details the British surname? he warn the reader against? passage gives you about the | . È 5 = F 3. His age and appearance: do they protagonist. Consider: his name; dtoth dtisinal fegilres hysical appearance; clothes; correspond to the traditional features ii _ P 7 ° ' of the ‘hero'? YOUR TURN mood; job. A 4 His memories: can he remember 2 Komar & Melamid, Stalin in Front of Mirror, 1983. Private Collection. anything about his past ANALYSE the presence of Big Brother in the extract. 1 Through what device is Big Brother conveyed? What does this method remind you of? 2. Big Brother is also the parody of a historical figure. Single out the details of his description and try to guess who he is. | 6 POINTOUT what features ofthe life in the city ofthe future created by Orwell particularly strike you. 9 DISCUSS in pairs. What does ‘having an identity” mean to you? Do you think i is important to preserve the memory of the past? If so, w and how? | Terza Prov | 10 TvYPEB. Write ten to twelve lines | presenting the totalitarian society described by George Orwell in Nineteen Eighty-Four. (& Exam Reference pag. 61 
