COMPLETE CONCEPT MAP – LINGUISTICS
(Based on Course Index)
FUNCTION AND FORM OF LANGUAGE
1Grammar = system of rules governing how words combine.
2Form refers to structure; function refers to communicative use.
3Language types:
4Isolating languages – words mostly one morpheme (little change).
5Agglutinating languages – words built by clear morpheme chains.
6Inflectional languages – morphemes change form and merge meanings.
PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
1Phonetics studies physical sounds; phonology studies sound systems in the mind.
2A representative accent is chosen as a reference model.
3Phonemic system = set of phonemes of a language.
4Phone = actual sound; phoneme = abstract sound unit.
5Allophones = variants of the same phoneme.
6Minimal pairs show meaning differences (ship/sheep).
7Phonetic transcription represents pronunciation with IPA.
THE PRODUCTION OF SPEECH SOUNDS
1Articulatory phonetics explains how sounds are produced in the vocal tract.
2Vowels = open vocal tract; consonants = obstruction.
3Diphthongs = vowel glides; triphthongs = three-part vowel glides.
4Trill = rapid vibration (rolled r).
5Voiced sounds use vocal fold vibration; voiceless do not.
SEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY
1Segmental = individual sounds; suprasegmental = features over sounds.
2Distribution of consonants = where consonants can appear in words.
3Distribution of vowels = vowel position rules.
4The syllable = onset + nucleus + coda.
SUPRASEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY
1Stress = prominence on syllables.
