Revisione base design, Appunti di Computer Graphics

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YEAR 11

REVISION

GUIDE

G r a p h i c P r o d u c t s

Exam Date

Wednesday 17th June 2015

at 13h

Design Theme

Prototype block modelling of children’s hand held products,

based on the theme of wildlife

Contents

Page Page 3 Exam Format 30 Scale The Design Theme Key Designers Vocabulary Colour 4 SpecificaƟon Product Lifecycle 9 Revision Resources 31 Social, Moral & Environmental Issues 10 Preparing For the Exam 32 Adhesives Answering The QuesƟons 34 PrinƟng & Finishing Processes What to Bring To The Exam 35 Smart Materials 11 Keywords 36 PlasƟcs Timing 37 Working With PlasƟcs 12 Graphic Design Tools 38 Typography 16 PracƟce QuesƟons 39 Symbols 20 Ergonomics & Anthropometrics 40 Adding Colour CAD / CAM 41 Adding Texture Health & Safety 42 Pictograms & Ideograms 22 Quality Assurance 43 Dimensioning Quality Control 44 Exam Style QuesƟons 24 PrinƟng 46 Previous Exam QuesƟons Cuƫng & Creasing 53 Long QuesƟons 26 Paper & board 54 Design Theme Analysis 28 Scale Of ProducƟon 55 Block Modelling ProducƟon Methods 56 Glossary Of Technical Terms

Specification

It is recommended that you read this Specification , it tells you what topics you are expected to demonstrate an understanding of for the exam. It can also act as a check list for the topics that you will need to revise.

Remember—use this Specification as a checklist to help plan

your revision

Preparing for the exam Exam papers test your ability to apply the knowledge, skills and understanding of materials, components, processes, techniques and industrial practices that you have acquired and developed throughout the course whilst designing, making and evaluating processes and products.  Exam papers are not a test of theory recall, although inevitably, there is some information that you will have to learn and remember!  It is, therefore, important that during your revision you consider the different ways that you and the others in your group have tackled similar design and make problems. Think about the reasons for different approaches and the relative effectiveness of each.  Product analysis (the investigation of commercially made products) is useful in helping you to design your own products, but also to teach you about materials and manufacturing techniques. Each paper has one product analysis question.  Become familiar with the layout of the paper, and what the examiners mean when they ask certain types of questions and use certain wording – this is all explained in this guide.  Practice answering the questions; do not simple check the answers n-line or in a text book.

Answering the questions  You should always read all the question before starting to answer it.  It is good practice to read the whole exam paper and start by answering the questions you know the most about. This will boost your confidence for tackling the ones which you find more difficult.  When reading the question, pay attention to every word on the page; the examiners are looking for answers that answer the question.  Underline keywords in the question.  Do not answer questions that are not asked, or give information that is not asked for. It wastes time and will not get you any marks.  The marks for a question are given in italics e.g. (2 marks) on the right-hand side of the page.

What equipment to bring to the exam You should come prepared for you exam. Bring the following in a clear, see-through, bag:  HB pencils (sharp) x2,  Black or blue pens x2,  Colouring pencils and fineliners,  Ruler,  Pair of compasses,  Eraser,  Calculator (just in case) and a  Pencil sharpener that works. You are permitted to take into the exam: templates, flexi-curves and any other drawing equipment you might find useful.

Keywords – what the words mean The examiners use some keywords in the questions, these include: State , Name or Give – a one-word answer is required – for one mark.

Describe or Explain – this requires more than one word. You must always give a reason for the answer that you have given. There will normally be a number of marks for these question. They show your understanding of the topic.

Sketch – use the blank space provided on the exam paper to give a sketch with annotations. You should always draw neatly in pencil, remember you are showing your ideas and understanding on the topic.

Always use Isometric Projection for any 3D sketches unless otherwise stated. Oblique sketches will gain you fewer marks and 2D sketches will get zero marks. Always add colour, notes (annotations) and dimensions (using the British Standard Dimensioning convention) to your sketches unless told otherwise. You often get only a small space, so be as neat and accurate as you can: Use a pencil, Use a ruler for straight lines and Show relevant details. Remember that 3D sketches are better than 2D sketches. Show crating and construction lines—do not rub them out.

Specifications – read the question and give the number of points that the question asks for.

Timing yourself through the exam It is really important that you do not waste time on harder questions at the beginning of an exam, only to find that you do not have enough time to answer easier questions at the end.  Read the paper and decide which questions you can do. Answer these and get the marks ‘in the bag’, this will boost your confidence.  Every paper has a number of questions and the number of marks for each question varies There is a total of 125 marks for the paper.  The exam lasts 2 hours (120 minutes).  As a rule of thumb, spend about 1 minute per mark for each question. For example spend 8 minutes on an (8 marks) question.  At the end of the exam, read through your answers and check them. Be critical: Have you answered the question? Does your answer make sense? Are your sketches neat and annotated?

Remember—graphic products end-up being printed

Answer the following questions in as much detail as you can.

Practice Questions

1. What is a prototype and why are they made?
2. Why is it important to find a ‘gap’ in the market before designing and launching a new product? 3 Suggest one way that you could attract a potential customer to a new product.
3. What are freehand sketches used for?
4. How would you draw a circle or ellipse to the correct proportions when sketching?
5. How and why would you use a grid when sketching?
6. Why would you want to view an object as a wireframe drawing?
7. What does the term rendering mean?
8. What are complimentary colours?
9. Give three examples of complimentary pairs of colours.
10. What does the term hue mean?
11. What colour is usually associated with anger?
12. What colour is usually associated with the environment?
13. What colours do colour desktop printers use?
14. Give three examples of products that have been printed.
15. How big is A3 paper compared to A4 paper?
16. Explain how you could mount a drawing or picture and protect it from smudging.
17. Using CAD to produce designs, what information can you show a client?
18. How could you protect a photo or image from being damaged in a damp or moist environment?
19. How can photos be used in the design process?
20. Explain what ‘bought in’ components are.
21. Name three bought in components that could be used on a graphic product.

Ergonomics and Anthropometrics

1. You have to design a brochure for the school open day. You want your design to be ergonomic. Suggest two things you should think about.
2. You are designing a new diary. You start by analysing existing products. a) Why is it important to do this? b) You look at the design and manufacture of the existing products. i. Suggest two features of well designed diary. ii. Suggest two features of a well made diary.
3. What is anthropometric data? Suggest what anthropometric data you would need for designing a T-shirt.
4. You have designed a baseball cap to fit 90% of your target market. Explain why you did not just use the average measurements of your target group.

Computer Aided Design (CAD) / Computer Aided

Manufacture (CAM)

1. a) Give two examples of CAD software. b) Suggest why it might be a good idea to use CAD to design a product.
2. a) What is CAM? b) What is meant by CAM being ‘computer numerically controlled’ (CNC)?
3. a) Give three advantages of using CAD/CAM. b) Give two disadvantages of using CAD/CAM.
4. You want to make a paperweight from a block of plastic. Explain how CAD/CAM could be used for this. (Use diagrams to illustrate your answer).

Health & Safety

1. What does an orange coloured sign mean in a workshop?
2. What does a blue coloured sign mean in a workshop?
3. What is the HSE responsible for?
4. What precautions should you take when using spray glue (Spraymount)?