Proteins
Proteins are macromolecules consisting of one or more chains of hundreds or thousands
of amino acids bonded together.
Amino acids
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The amino acid are formed to carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
The carboxyl group is a functional group (-OH).
Peptide bond is a covalent bond that forms when a carboxyl group (-COOH) reacts to an
amino group (-NH2) and releases water.
Peptides: 10 amino acids bonded together
Polypeptides: 10 - 50 amino acids bonded together
Proteins: more than 50 amino acids bonded together
Classification
Structural proteins form most of the solid material in the human body.
ex. keratin and collagen
Functional proteins help carry out activities and functions in the
human body. They also include the subclass of enzymes.
Insulin is a functional protein that helps regulate the storage of glucose sugar in the
human body.
