Scarica verb patterns inglese 2 e più Esercizi in PDF di Lingua Inglese solo su Docsity!
Unità
Quando un verbo (a parte gli ausiliari e i verbi modali) regge un altro verbo,
il secondo può essere seguito dalla forma -ing o dall’infinito. I verbi più
comunemente seguiti dalla forma -ing sono:
i Verbi che esprimono simpatie/antipatie: adore, love, like, don’t mind, dislike,
can’t stand, hate.
I love ly ing on the beach. I really don’t like gett ing up early.
When I was a child, I hated go ing to school.
ii Alcuni verbi con can’t : can’t face, can’t imagine, can’t help, can’t resist,
can’t stand, can’t stop.
I’m exhausted. I can’t face go ing for a run. I can’t imagine be ing twenty!
I couldn’t help feel ing sorry for John when he failed his exam.
iii Altri verbi:
admit avoid (don’t) bother consider delay deny dread enjoy
fancy feel like finish imagine involve look forward to mention
miss postpone / put off practise recommend risk spend / waste time
stop / give up suggest.
We’re really look ing forward to seeing you next week.
Do you feel like go ing for a pizza?
Peter recommended go ing by taxi.
Poiché non esiste una regola per i verbi seguiti dalla forma -ing , bisogna imparare
tali verbi a memoria.
Vedi unità 77, 78 e 80–82 per altri usi di - ing. Verbo + -ing 75 I enjoy cook ing. It’s stopped rain ing. Do you mind help ing me? Questi ragazzi stanno esprimendo delle opinioni sullo shopping. Completale usando i verbi dei riquadri. buy compare go go look queue try on
Li I hate 0 going^ shopping with my boyfriend. He’s useless and he’s always
bored after twenty minutes. Marta I really enjoy 1 presents for other people. That’s the best kind of shopping. Karl I can’t bear 2 shopping with my girlfriend. She always spends hours and hours (^3) the same clothes again and again. And I also can’t stand 4 at the checkout. It takes forever! Toni I think it’s always important to spend time 5 in different shops. It’s definitely worth 6 prices and quality. be able go walk wait Linda I don’t bother with supermarkets any more. You waste too much time 7 up and down the aisles again and again. And I hate not 8 to find what I want. I do all my shopping on the internet these days. If you don’t mind 9 for your food to arrive, it’s the perfect way to shop. I just can’t imagine 10 into a supermarket ever again!
Guarda le figure e completa la frasi usando i verbi del riquadro. can’t stop / eat deny / break the window enjoy / cook love / play computer games practise / play the guitar stop / rain
0 Sam loves playing computer games.
1 Samantha. 2 It. 3 Jimmy. 4 Stanley. 5 My brother. Che cosa pensi delle attività 1–6? Scrivi delle frasi vere per te usando i verbi del riquadro. love like don’t mind don’t like can’t stand hate
0 study English I love studying English.
1 play computer games 2 get up early 3 watch football 4 do the ironing 5 go to the dentist 6 do exams Completa le frasi in modo che siano vere per te usando la costruzione verbo + forma -ing + complemento.
0 I’m considering getting a part-time job.
1 I really enjoy. 2 I spend a lot of time. 3 I waste a lot of time. 4 Tonight, I feel like.
It wasn't me!
5 It’s important that I speak to Susanna later today. I need. 6 I won’t tell anyone, believe me. I promise not. Guarda le figure e scrivi che cosa è successo usando i verbi del riquadro. meet buy speak to turn off the tap help move
0 He can't afford to buy the bike.^ 3 They’ve arranged.
1 He offered. 4 The dog’s refusing. 2 She demanded. 5 He forgot. Riscrivi le frasi in modo che risultino meno dirette. Usa i verbi in corsivo. 0 It’s stopped snowing. appear
It appears to have stopped snowing.
1 I’ve lost my mobile. seem 2 Chiara’s English is improving. appear 3 The new student’s very friendly. seem 4 The internet isn’t working. not appear 5 It generally rains a lot at this time of year. tend 6 Francesca’s a bit lazy at times. tend
I've only got £200. (^) I'll see you at 6.30. I'll help you. Get me the manager!
Unità
Alcuni verbi possono essere seguiti sia dalla forma -ing che dall’infinito.
i Per start , begin , continue , intend non c’è alcuna differenza di significato.
I started playing the drums when I was ten. = I started to play the drums when I was ten.
Ho iniziato a suonare la batteria quando avevo dieci anni.
Nota che quando start , begin o continue sono alla forma progressiva, sono
normalmente seguiti dall’infinito.
I’m beginning to feel better now. Non I’m beginning feeling better now.
ii Per i seguenti verbi c’è una differenza di significato.
Like/hate
r Like/hate + -ing = mi piace o non mi piace in generale
I like going to the gym. Mi piace andare in palestra.
I hate doing exams. Odio fare esami.
r Like / hate + infinito = penso che qualcosa sia una buona o una cattiva idea
I like to arrive at the airport at least two hours before the plane leaves.
Mi piace arrivare all’aeroporto almeno due ore prima che l’aereo parta.
I hate to keep people waiting. Odio far aspettare le persone.
Remember/forget
r Remember / forget + -ing = avere o non avere ricordi in generale
Do you remember going to school for the first time?
I ’ll never forget seeing her for the first time.
r Remember / forget + infinito = fare o non fare qualcosa
Did you remember to buy the milk? Ti sei ricordato di comprare il latte?
Oh no! I ’ve forgotten to turn the cooker off.
Oh no! Mi sono dimenticato di spegnere il fornello.
Try
r Try + -ing = fare qualcosa per vedere quali saranno i risultati
I tried reloading the software, but the program still doesn’t work.
Ho provato a caricare di nuovo il software, ma il programma ancora non funziona.
r Try + infinito = fare uno sforzo per conseguire qualcosa
I tried to get a ticket, but they were sold out.
Ho cercato di comprare un biglietto, ma erano tutti venduti.
Regret
r Regret + -ing = essere dispiaciuti per qualcosa che si è fatto
I really regret buying that mobile – it’s rubbish.
Mi rincresce di aver comprato quel cellulare – è una schifezza.
r Regret + infinito = essere dispiaciuti per qualcosa che si sta per fare
I regret to inform you that your application was not successful.
Sono spiacente di informarLa che la Sua richiesta non è stata accolta.
Nota che ci sono altri verbi il cui significato cambia a seconda se siano seguiti da -ing o
dall’infinito. Comunque, quelli trattati in questa unità sono i più comuni e i più utili.
Vedi unità 75 e 76 per altri usi dei verbi seguiti dalla forma -ing oppure l’infinito. Vedi unità 78 per altri usi di like e hate. Verbi + -ing o infinito 77 I like to arrive early. I like going out. We tried calling you. We tried to find a bank.
Unità
A Uso e forma
Alcuni dei verbi che sono seguiti dalla forma -ing o dall’infinito hanno anche un complemento
oggetto. Alcuni di questi verbi devono avere sempre un complemento oggetto ed alcuni altri
possono averlo oppure no a seconda di come sono usati. Qui di seguito sono elencati i verbi
di questo tipo più comunemente usati.
B Verbo + complemento oggetto + -ing
i Hear , notice e see devono sempre avere un complemento oggetto.
ii Can’t stand , (can’t) imagine , dislike , hate , keep , (don’t) like , (don’t) mind ,
remember , risk e stop possono essere usati con o senza un complemento oggetto.
I can hear someone singing. I saw Carlos going into the supermarket.
I don’t remember you taking this photo of me.
C Verbo + complemento oggetto + infinito
i Advise, allow , bribe , cause , challenge , enable , encourage , force , inspire , invite , leave ,
order , persuade , remind , teach (how) , tell , train , trust , urge e warn devono avere un
complemento oggetto.
ii Ask , beg , choose , dare , expect , help , need , want , would like / love / hate / prefer possono
essere usati con o senza un complemento oggetto.
I advise you to listen carefully. What do you want us to do?
The teacher told us not to be late. The teacher warned us not to be late again.
Nota che molti di questi verbi si usano per riferire ciò che qualcuno ha detto.
Vedi unità 99 per altri verbi che introducono il discorso indiretto.
D Let, make e help
i Dopo let e make si usa il complemento oggetto + forma base del verbo.
My parents made me go to bed, but they let me read for a while. The film made me cry.
Nota che spesso let e make sono usati in senso causativo, con il significato di ‘far fare
qualcosa a qualcuno’. Let equivale a lasciare/permettere, mentre make corrisponde a
obbligare/costringere.
She made me do extra homework for punishment.
Mi fece (obbligò a) fare dei compiti in più per punizione.
She let me do an easy homework task.
Mi fece (lasciò) fare un compito facile.
ii Si può usare anche help allo stesso modo.
Tom’s going to help me do my homework. Can you help me tidy up?
Vedi unità 56 e 89 per altri usi di let e make. Verbo + complemento oggetto + -ing o infinito 78 The doctor kept me waiting for hours. They asked me to go with them.
Leggi questi commenti sul rapporto genitori-figli. Completali usando i verbi in corsivo all’infinito, alla forma base o alla forma -ing.
0 My parents always made me do^ my homework. do
1 My parents only let me at the weekend go out 2 As a child, I hated people me what to do. tell 3 My parents always allowed me to bed as late as I wanted. go 4 I always helped my parents the housework. do 5 My parents taught me positive about life. be 6 My parents never made me my room. It was great! tidy 7 I can’t imagine my parents young. be 8 My parents always tried to stop me the internet so much. use 9 My parents always encouraged me myself. be 10 My parents always expected me to university. go Riferisci quanto è stato detto usando i verbi in corsivo e il pronome adatto.
0 He asked her to help him.^ ask 3 beg
1 remind 4 advise 2 persuade 5 ask Completa le frasi usando It makes/made me … e le espressioni del riquadro. cry feel sick jump want to leave work harder
0 The weather in this place is awful. It makes me want to leave.
1 The film was so sad. 2 I failed an exam. 3 The food was disgusting. 4 I suddenly heard a loud bang. Che cosa ti infastidisce? Scrivi delle frasi vere per te usando la parola people e i verbi del riquadro. can’t stand don’t like don’t mind
0 use their mobile on the bus I can’t stand people using their mobile on the bus.
1 chewing gum all the time 2 kiss in public 3 play loud music in public 4 eat in the street
Don’t forget to phone Silvia.
Please, please tell me.
Take a seat, please. (^0) Can you help me, please?
OK. Please go shopping with me. (^4) You should do more exercise. You should do more exercise.
Unità 79: Revisione e potenziamento 189
2 Verbo + -ing o infinito Completa le frasi in modo che il significato non cambi. Usa la parola in
corsivo e tra due e cinque parole. 0 It would be better if you came on Friday. prefer
I would prefer you to come^ on Friday.
1 It’s important that you are there by 5.30. need You by 5.30. 2 My parents don’t allow me to stay up late during the week. let My parents late during the week. 3 The police forced us to empty our pockets. made The police our pockets. 4 I played computer games for two hours last night. spent I computer games last night. 5 Sergio wasn’t really ill. pretending Sergio ill. 6 Tessa was coming out of the supermarket when I saw her. saw I the supermarket.
3 Verbo + -ing o infinito Completa i dialoghi scegliendo l’alternativa corretta.
0 A Did you manage to fix your computer? B No. I tried reloading / to reload the program, but it still doesn’t work. 1 A I like your new mobile! B Thanks. I tried getting / to get a pink one, but they’d sold out. 2 A Does Carlo know about the party? B Oh no! I forgot emailing / to email him. I must remember doing / to do it this afternoon. 3 A I’ll never forget watching / to watch The Lord of the Rings films for the first time. B Me too. I can remember being / to be amazed by the visual effects. 4 Verbo + -ing o infinito Traduci le frasi e la domanda. 0 Non ricordo di aver fatto questa foto.
I don’t remember taking this photo.
1 Ti sei ricordato di imbucare la lettera? 2 Se non è casa, prova a chiamarlo sul suo cellulare. 3 Provai ad aprire la finestra, ma era sprangata. 4 Sembra che la pioggia stia per smettere. 5 Ha smesso di piovere.
5 Verbo + -ing o infinito Completa le frasi in modo che siano vere per te.
0 I enjoy studying English.^ 5 I can’t wait.
1 I don’t like. 6 I spend a lot of time. 2 I can’t stand. 7 I need. 3 I want. 8 I’d like. 4 I love. 9 I hope.
FCE
g d reloading / T
Unità
La forma -ing si usa di norma con una preposizione.
La costruzione può essere:
i verbo + preposizione + -ing
We ’re thinking of going to the beach.
Fabio insisted on paying for the coffees.
ii aggettivo + preposizione + -ing
I’m fed up with waiting. Let’s go.
Are you serious about moving to England?
iii nome + preposizione + -ing
I’ve got lots of memories of living in America.
There was a delay in sending the package.
iv by + -ing , per dire come avviene qualcosa
They got into the house by breaking a window.
The thieves escaped by running away.
v for + -ing , per dire per quale scopo si usa un oggetto
That cloth is for cleaning the windows.
Quel panno è per pulire le finestre.
What’s this for? ~ It’s for charging batteries.
A che cosa serve? ~ È per caricare le batterie.
vi without + -ing
I swam fifty lengths without stopping.
I left the party without anybody realizing.
Nota che con without si usa anybody , anything ecc.,
non nobody , nothing.
They got married without anybody knowing.
Non They got married without nobody knowing.
Si sposarono senza che nessuno lo sapesse.
She left home without saying anything to anybody.
Se ne andò di casa senza dire nulla a nessuno.
Preposizioni + -ing 80 He apologized for be ing late. Are you interested in com ing with us? Riscrivi e unisci le due frasi in modo che il significato non cambi. Usa la preposizione in corsivo.
0 He was late. He didn’t apologize. for He didn’t apologize for being late.
1 I’m late. I’m sorry. for I. 2 Tom paid for the meal. He insisted. on Tom. 3 Pete plays the drums. He’s very good. at Pete. 4 Sam stole a car. He was arrested. for Sam a car. 5 Harriet helped him. He thanked her. for He. 6 Do you want to come with us? Are you interested? in Are you. 7 He’s very generous. He’s got a reputation. for He. 8 I broke Jim’s camera. He’s angry with me. for Jim. 9 Wendy is waiting for Tom. She’s fed up. with Wendy.
A differenza dell’italiano, in inglese non si usa la doppia negazione. Siccome without ha significato negativo, è seguito da un verbo alla forma affermativa e da pronomi indefiniti come anybody e anything.
Unità
Alcune espressioni sono seguite dalla forma - ing. Fra le più comuni
e le più utili vi sono le seguenti:
i There’s no point (in) … (Non ha senso … ), What’s the point of …?
(Che senso ha … ?), What’s the use of …? (Che motivo c’è … ?)
There’s no point waiting any longer. Let’s go.
What’s the use of learning a foreign language if you’re
never going to speak it?
ii It’s (not) worth … , Is it worth …?
It’s not worth getting the bus. We can walk there.
Are the Harry Potter books worth reading?
Rome is definitely worth visiting.
iii It’s no use … (È inutile … ), It’s no good … (Non serve (a nulla) … )
It’s no use talking to him. He won’t listen.
It’s no good saying sorry. What you did is inexcusable.
iv It’s a waste of time / money … (È una perdita di tempo/di soldi … )
It’s a waste of time talking to him. He never listens.
It’s a waste of money buying DVDs.
v Spend time / money … (Impiegare del tempo/spendere denaro … )
I spent a week writing my report.
They’re going to spend ten million euros renovating the palace.
vi Have difficulty … (Avere/trovare difficoltà … )
Did you have any difficulty finding the house?
I’m having great difficulty fixing my computer.
Espressioni + -ing 81 I spent hours doing my homework. It’s no use trying to fix it. Is the film worth seeing? Riscrivi le frasi in modo che il significato non cambi. Inizia con le parole date. 0 I wrote the report. It took me a week.
I spent a week writing the report.
1 I never buy newspapers. It’s a waste of money. It’s a waste. 2 We tried to find Patrick’s house. It took us an hour. We spent. 3 We translated the song lyrics. It was difficult. We had difficulty. 4 Penny’s had cosmetic surgery. It’s cost €20,000 so far. So far, Penny’s spent. 5 I fixed the computer. It was very difficult. I had great difficulty. 6 I don’t watch TV. It’s a waste of time. It’s a waste.
Nota che la costruzione It’s (not) worth..., Is it worth ...? corrisponde in italiano all’espressione ‘(Non) vale la pena …, Vale la pena (di) … ?’ che è sempre impersonale. If you’ve already visited St Tropez, it’s not worth seeing Cannes. Se hai già visitato St Tropez, non vale la pena vedere Cannes. Is this DVD worth buying? Vale la pena di comperare questo DVD? Are the ski slopes in Chamonix worth trying? Vale la pena di provare le piste da sci di Chamonix?
Riscrivi e unisci le due frasi in modo che il significato non cambi. 0 Don’t go to the gym if you don’t enjoy it. It’s a waste of time.
It’s a waste of time going to the gym if you don’t enjoy it.
1 Don’t go out if it’s raining. There’s no point. if it's raining. 2 Don’t pay to download music. It’s a waste of money. download music. 3 Don’t go to clubs if you don’t like dancing. There’s no point. if you don't like dancing. 4 Don’t get upset about what he said. It’s not worth it. about what he said. 5 Don’t say sorry now. It’s no use. now. Scrivi le domande adatte usando What’s the point of … if you …? 0 A He’s just bought a piano, but he can’t play it.
B What’s the point of buying a piano if you can’t play it?
1 A He has a swimming pool, but he never uses it. B? 2 A She’s bought a sports car, but she can’t drive. B? 3 A She’s got a mobile, but she never switches it on. B? L’amica di Tom, Fran, sta per andare a Londra e Tom le dà alcuni consigli. Completa la loro conversazione usando i suggerimenti tra parentesi. Fran So, where do you recommend in London? Tom Well, for generally enjoying the atmosphere, I think Trafalgar
Square 0 ’s worth visiting^ (worth / visit) and
it 1 (also / worth / have) a walk around Covent Garden and Soho, especially in the evening. And to get a wonderful view of the city it 2 (definitely / worth / go) on the London Eye. Fran OK, and what about the museums and places like that? Tom Yes, they’re wonderful of course, but maybe save them for a rainy day. There 3 (no point / be) inside on a lovely day, is there? You don’t get that many sunny days in England! And the forecast for next week is pretty good, isn’t it? Fran Yes, I think it is. Tom And I’d say it 4 (a waste of time and money / go) to Buckingham Palace. There’s not much to see and it’s very expensive. Fran OK. And what about going to a football match, say Chelsea or Arsenal. Is that possible? Tom Well, you can try, but I think you might 5 (have difficulty / get) a ticket. But it 6 (definitely / worth / go) if you can. Fran Great, I’ll look into it. And thanks for the tips.
Scrivi le domande usando be used to e le espressioni del riquadro. Poi aggiungi le risposte brevi appropriate. drive on the left get up early ride a bike speak English
0 Is he used to speaking English?^ ~ No, he isn’t.
Quanta familiarità hai con queste situazioni? Scrivi delle frasi vere per te usando I’m used to, I’m not used to o I’m getting used to.
0 be a student I’m used to being a student.
1 work hard 2 speak English 3 do lots of homework 4 my current timetable 5 my school’s rules and regulations Immagina di essere appena arrivato in Gran Bretagna e scrivi quattro frasi su azioni o situazioni con cui non hai ancora familiarità.
0 I'm not used to looking right when I cross the road.
Unità
A Aggettivi + infinito
i Alcuni aggettivi reggono l’infinito. Le costruzioni passono essere:
r Aggettivo + infinito
We’re nearly ready to leave. I’m surprised to see you here.
It’s difficult to explain. It’s good to be back home.
r Aggettivo + for / of + complemento + infinito
It’s important for you to be at the meeting.
It was kind of him to help.
They are keen for us to go with them.
ii Gli aggettivi seguiti dall’infinito sono usati di norma con soggetto impersonale
it ( It’s great to see you ) o con un pronome personale soggetto ( I’m surprised to
see you ). Alcuni aggettivi si possono usare con entrambe le strutture.
It’s easy to use the camera. o The camera is easy to use.
Is it safe to drink the water? o Is the water safe to drink?
It was crazy of them to do that. o They were crazy to do that.
Gli aggettivi che si usano più comunemente con entrambe le strutture sono
tra gli altri: difficult , easy , free , hard , impossible , interesting , safe , crazy.
B Nomi + infinito
i L’infinito si usa con alcuni nomi ed espressioni nominali.
Le costruzioni possono essere:
r Nome + infinito
It’s time to go.
This is your last chance to change your mind.
What’s the best way to get to your house?
r Nome + be + infinito
My advice is to say nothing.
The important thing is to exercise every day and to eat healthily.
ii L’infinito si può usare con the first , the second , the only , the last ecc.
I was the last to arrive. Who was the first person to walk on the moon?
Vedi unità 144 per usi dell’infinito con il to con too e enough. Aggettivi e nomi + infinito 83 Are you ready to leave? It’s important not to be late. What a lovely place to live! Completa le frasi usando i verbi e le espressioni del riquadro. get back home be on time hear anyone leave phone use visit
0 I like your new camera. Is it easy to use?
1 The taxi is here. Are you ready? 2 The music was so loud in the club last night. It was impossible. 3 Did you get the opportunity Pompeii when you were in Italy? 4 I love going away, but it’s always great. 5 There’s no need Luisa. I’ve just spoken to her. 6 Don’t be late. It’s really important.
Unità
A Uso e forma
Con alcuni verbi e locuzioni si possono usare le parole interrogative + infinito.
i Verbo + parola interrogativa + infinito
I don’t know what to say. I can’t decide what to wear.
Can you show me how to get to your house?
I verbi più comuni che possono reggere una parola interrogativa + infinito sono:
ask (someone) choose decide discover discuss explain find out forget
know learn remember say see show (someone) talk about teach (someone)
tell (someone) think (about) understand wonder work out worry about
ii Locuzione + parola interrogativa + infinito
I’m not sure where to go. We haven’t got a clue what to do.
Have you made up your mind who to invite to the party?
Le locuzioni che possono reggere una parola interrogativa + infinito includono:
I’ve no idea …, I haven’t got a clue …, I’m not sure …, make up your mind
Nota che si può usare un nome retto da what , which , whose , how many e how much.
I can’t decide which pizza to have. I don’t know what music to put on.
Nota che non si usa la costruzione why + infinito.
I don’t know why I have to do it. Non I don’t know why to do it.
B Whether
Si può anche usare whether + infinito con certi verbi e locuzioni.
I can’t decide whether to go to the party or not.
I’m not sure whether to invite Nicola to the party.
Nota che non si può usare if al posto di whether.
I don’t know whether to go out tonight. Non I don’t know if to go out tonight.
Non so se uscire stasera.
Parole interrogative + infinito 84 I don’t know who to speak to. I’m not sure whether to invite Luigi to the party. Riscrivi e unisci le due frasi in modo che il significato non cambi. Usa le parole interrogative e l’infinito del verbo. 0 How do I get to the train station? I don’t know.
I don’t know how to get to the train station.
1 Where do I get off the bus? I don’t remember. 2 How do you use the DVD recorder? Can you show me? 3 How do you connect to the internet? I don’t know. 4 What shall I buy Carrie for her birthday? I’ve no idea. 5 How do I say ‘Thank you’ in German? I’ve forgotten.
Suzy ha deciso di invitare alcune persone a cena. Usa i suggerimenti del riquadro per completare le sue frasi. what / cook whether / invite how / make what music / play what time / tell what / wear Che cosa diresti in queste situazioni? Scrivi delle frasi usando whether. 0 Coffee or tea? You can’t decide which to have.
I can’t decide whether to have coffee or tea.
1 Go out or stay in tonight? You don’t know what to do. 2 Do my homework or watch TV? You can’t decide what to do. 3 To the gym or swimming? You can’t make up your mind where to go. 4 Speak to him or not? You just didn’t know what to do. Completa le frasi in modo che siano vere per te. Usa le parole interrogative e l’infinito del verbo.
0 I can’t decide what to do at the weekend.
1 I don’t know. 2 I’m not sure. 3 I can’t make up my mind. 4 I need to find out. 5 I know. 6 I've forgotten.
0 I wonder
what time to tell
people to arrive. 1 I’ve no idea
**- risotto or pasta? 3 I don’t know
classical or pop? 4 I can’t make up my mind Guido or not. 5 Help! Can anyone show me an omelette? 2 I just can’t decide
jeans or my new dress?**
