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es tive Proneuns 4 e Ti2 A racing driver is someone whoj/that drives racing cars and whose job is very dangerous. A kangaroo is an animal which/that lives in Australia. A book is something which/that peopie read. Relative pronouns (who(m), which, whose, that) intro- duce relative clauses. A relative clause tells us whlch persan or thing the speaker means. e.g. The man, who lives in the tłat above is an actor. ł relative ciause (The rałative ciause identifies which man the speaker is tałking about.) + We use who/that to refer ta people. We use which/that to refer to objects or animals. WhoiWhich/That cannot be omitted if it is the sub- ject of the relative clause; that is, when there is not a noun or subject pranoun between the relative pronoun and the verb. a) ł know a man.Hejis a lawyer. / know a man whojthat is a lawyer. (The relative pronoun is the subject.) b) The dog — itran away — is mine. The dog whichithat ran away is mine. (The relative pronoun is the subject.) Whoj/Which/That can be omitted when it is the object of the relative clause; that is, when there is a noun or subject pronoun between the relative pronoun and the verb. We can use whom instead of who when it is the object of the relative clause. Whom is not often used in everyday English. a) I spoke ło a man. I had met him,before. ł spoke to a man (whom/who/that) i had met before. (The relative pronoun is the object.) b) That's the book. ! readjjt last summer. p That's the book (whichithat) ! read last summer. (The rełative pronoun is the object.) 4 We use whose instead of possessive adjectives (my, your, his, etc.) with people, objects and ani- mals in order to show possession. a) That'sthe woman — her,house caught fire yesterday. That's the woman whose house caught fire yester- day. b) That's the house — its,entrance is guarded. That's the house whose entrance is guarded. + we usually avoid using prepositions before relative pronouns. a) The boat in which the oi! was transported is owned by an American company. (formal English - unusuał structure) b) The safe which/that we keep the money in is in the basement. (usual structure) c) The safe we keep the money in is in the basement. (everyday English) + We can use which to refer back to a whole clause. e.g. He lent me some money. This, was generous of him. Y He lent me some money, which was generous of him. (Which refers to the fact that he lent the speaker some money. That is, it refers back to the whole cłause.) + _ Arelative pronoun is not used with another pronoun (l, you, me, him, etc.). a) I know a girl who works in a library. (NOT: I know a girl who Się works ...) b) The peopłe we spoke to are from ltały. (NOT: The peopie we spoke to thęfn are from kały.) Note: who's = who is or who has whose = possessive e.g. Who's (Who is) on the phone?" rs Peter.” "Who's (Who has) got the keys?" Kim." Jim is the boy whose cousin is a doctor. whofthat subject — cannot be omitted (people) who/whomithat _ object — can be omitted (people) which/that subject — cannot be omitted (objects, animals) object — can be omitted whose (people, possession — cannot be omitted objects, animals) 
