Historia literatury angielskiej, Notatki z Filologia angielska

Pobierz Historia literatury angielskiej i więcej Notatki w PDF z Filologia angielska tylko na Docsity! HLA ĆWICZENIA 1. John Donne — "A Hymn to God my God in My Sickness”. How does Donne connect life and death? What conceits does he use? What is the role of geography in the poem? ( nie rozdzielam tych pytań bo są ze sobą połączone, że odpowiadając na 1 odpowiadasz na 2 następne) e This poem is written from the perspective of a dying man. While the speaker is lying and probably dying, the doctors are observing him and taking notes of what they see. They are like geographers looking at the map. These doctors are seeking out their own answers when he is seeking the discovery of another world. It is said that his body is in a *south-west discovery” position. And this geographical knowledge leads to philological observations which creates many conceits and meanings about life, death and resurrection. So if your body is a map then death is connected to the western direction, because the west is the direction of the setting sun. And this body is also moving to the south, where it is warmer, it is connected with fever and it means you become more ill. But if you die, so you are going west, you will emerge in the east, it is connected with birth or rebirth. The speaker sees death as an equal to life. There would not have been a resurrection without first death. Paradise Lost The image of Satan asa relatable rebel e Satan leads a rebellion against God and rails against what he percelves as a tyranny of heaven. He was rejected and he became the fallen angel. e Satan in Paradise Lost is not purely evil, he is very ambitious. This approach of Satan is completely different from what is used to be or how he is perceived by christians. In fact, this approach is quite similar to that Promotheus's response to Zeus, they are both rebelling against tyranny, and they both have consequences of that. Even though he did some evil, he is still perceived as a rebel and it became very influential later, in romanticism- most romantic rebels are modeled on the Satan from Paradise Lost figure ( f.e. Frankenstein- the monster is very much like a romantic rebel). The image of hell not as a place, but as a state of the soul. e Hell is presented as a huge, underground cavern, full of darkness and fire. Satan wants to make a nicer place of it. The demons build a capital Pandemonium, with a palace and throne for Satan, contrasting with God's throne in Heaven. The demons also have contests, sing and debate, so that Hell begins to seem as not such a bad place as it presented by God and Heaven. And then Satan leaves hell and he realizes that this idea of hell is not really in this place where they all ended up but in them. Even though he left the physical space of Hell, he carries it within him. Hell is your state of mind. e The image of Hell here is an image of Milton's beliefs. He didn't like going to churches, instead of finding the place where you want to pray, whatever place you are in and you started to pray is becoming a *church”. It is about what is going on inside you and not the place you are in. 3. Robinson Crusoe. Robinson's personal and spiritual development. Work and religion. e Robinson disobeys his father so he gets stranded on an island. He prefers adventure to hard work and patience. It is a kind of punishment for him and self-improvement. And their adventures transform him from unsure, immature and disobedient to an experienced man with a set of morals and values. He also changes from an unreligious person to a faithful believer. Once he was very ill and he had a vision where he sees the man on the beach and he kneels because it could be a god or his father. And then his recovery starts. Also the spiritual development of Robinson is executed here by his hard work on the island and his patience. He has worked hard almost obsessively, he obsessively starts to improve everything even if that is efficient already. 6. Jane Austen "Pride and Prejudice” How would you explain the title? e Infact, the title summarizes the whole novel. It is a story of two people who have nothing in common neither class nor thinking. Both main characters hate each other, both have pride and they are prejudiced. Pride and prejudice, especially of Darcy's, starts from the beginning of the novel. He is a class conscious person, doesn't want to marry a woman from lower class, but he proposes to Lizzie and she rejects. Also her preconceived opinion is not based on reason or actual experiences, she misjudged him and believes Mr. Wickham easily. Elizabeth's opinion also changes at the end of the novel, when she says yes to Darcy's proposal. What are the models of relationships represented by the different couples in the novel? e Mrand Mrs Bennet- They are together but at the same time they irritate each other; can't stand each others company, but somehow they communicate. Mrs.Bennet style is often nagging her husband when Mr. Bennet uses irony and is passive-aggressive. They are completely incompatible In general. mr.Bennet despises his wife and she is confused by him. There was no great love to begin with. e Lydia and Mr.Wickham- It seems that this relationship is full of love, but Wickham is not a person who will marry a girl with such low connections and status. He cares only about money and sex. She is kinda in love with him but she does not think about the consequences of her decisions. He only agreed to marry her because Darcy paid him. The romantic image turns into a financial transaction. e Mr. Collins and Charlotte Lucas- It is a marriage of conveniences. There is no love. He thinks that in his profession he should have a wife, and Mrs. Catherine de Bourgh pressures him. She is 27 years old, she is a burden for her parents, too old to find a romantic love. e Bingley and Jane Bennet- a beautiful young woman in love with a handsome rich man. This is a typical romantic couple, though some troubles they get married eventually and they are happy together, love each other's company. e Darcy andElizabeth- This is a couple with many difficulties through their relationship in the novel. First, he calls her tolerable but not his type, but then he falls in love with her. She misjudged him and didn't like him, rejected his proposal, and then realized her mistakes and said yes. There are definitely strong feelings between them. How do Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy reach equality in their relationship? e First, Mr.Darcy is above Lizzie, she is a woman and she is from lower class, then she humiliated him by rejecting his proposal- now she is dominating. But she realizes she misjudged Mr.Darcy and she has to apologize, and only after that they are equal and have a successful relationship. 7. Keats, 'Ode on a Grecian Urn” An attempt to stop time. Lack of fulfilment as a price to pay for immortality. The brevity of human life vs. the longevity ofart. e There is a scene when 2 young lovers and they are nearly kissing but their lips will never meet, images of trees on the urn will never lose their leaves and there will always be spring. The images of the Greeks on the urn silently laugh at humanity, because we are mortals and we suffer from diseases, pain and these figures will never kiss, finish playing and never be satisfied by this is the price for immortality. Art, such as the urn is flawless in it is immortal, but also lifeless. Beauty dies soon but art makes it immortal, human life and happiness are brief, art is great, unaffected by the misery of world reality. . Keats dream is to be permanent not to pass, he has the fear of disappearance. He was dying at that time. 7.1 Shelley, "Ode to the West Wind” The image of political change, different images of the west wina, the role of destruction in political change. e Shelley seems to be calling upon the natural forces of change in order to make a moral and political revolution possible. While kids wanted to freeze everything in time to avoid destruction, this poem is about letting time flow and destroy everything. A west wind is like death. In order to achieve changes in politics in 19 century world, Shelly said we had to destroy everything first. The only progress is not in trying to preserve what you have but in destroying everything and seeing what happens. The destructive wind is frightening, , but in this destruction is something positive like after the autumn and winter comes spring, but first we have to destroy everything. 8. Mary Shelley, Frankenstein The role of science in the novel. e In Frankenstein it is embodied the concept of unrestrained science. Shelley gives us a message that science and technology can go too far and lead to tragic endings. The reckless pursuit of scientific discovery leads to chaos, tragedy and despair of every character Victor cares about. Victor is fixated, obsessed on the glory of achievement, without thinking of consequences. Science is the area where Victor does lose himself. She wants to realize that the science is great and makes miracles but in the same time it is dangerous and it should have boundaries. The image of the monster — horror and empathy. The monster is on the one hand full of evil, seeking revenge he kills Victor's brother, best friend and new wife. But when Victor hates that he created this monster, he shows that he is not purely an evil being. He saves a girl from drowning, even though he rescues her he recieve disgust and beatings, he ends up lonely and Victor was the only person with whom he has had any sort of relationship. This image is modeled on Milton's satan, it is an evil figure but also we are trying to find empathy, understand the evil, find human 's feature and feeling in the monster 's inside. Features of the Gothic novel in Frankenstein Frankenstein is a Gothic novel that employs mystery, secrecy and unsettling psychology to tell the story of Victor s monster. Much of the actions take place at nightime, and in mysterious circumstances (the cloudy circumstances under which Victor gathers body parts for his experiments). In addition to Gothic elements, Frankestein starts introduce the genre of science fiction. There are plenty of deaths in the novel, specifically people who are close to Victor.