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4747
LPL÷LQD]ZLVNR
NODVDGDWD
Grupa A^ 7HVW\VSUDZG]DMãFH
Test 4. '5*$1,$,)$/(
8]XSHïQLM]GDQLD:\ELHU]ZïDĂFLZÈRGSRZLHGěVSRĂUöGSRGDQ\FK
5XFKGUJDMÈF\WRUXFKZNWöU\PFLDïR$%& $PSOLWXGDGUJDñWR'() $SRUXV]DVLÚSRRNUÚJX %SU]HPLHV]F]DVLÚF\NOLF]QLHSRW\PVDP\PWRU]H &SU]HPLHV]F]DVLÚQDSU]HPLDQUXFKHPMHGQRVWDMQLHSU]\VSLHV]RQ\P LMHGQRVWDMQLHRSöěQLRQ\PSRSURVWROLQLRZ\PWRU]H 'F]DVMHGQHJRSHïQHJRGUJDQLD (OLF]EDGUJDñZMHGQRVWFHF]DVX )QDMZLÚNV]HZ\FK\OHQLH]SRïRĝHQLDUöZQRZDJL
3U]\SRU]ÈGNXMQD]ZRPZLHONRĂFLğ]\F]Q\FKR]QDF]RQ\FKF\IUDPL ļ RGSRZLDGDMÈFHLPMHGQRVWNL
R]QDF]RQHOLWHUDPL $ļ&
- amplituda
- okres F]÷VWRWOLZRijå
A. sekunda (s) B. herc (Hz) C. metr (m)
2FHñSUDZG]LZRĂÊZ\SRZLHG]L:\ELHU]3MHĂOL]GDQLHMHVWSUDZG]LZHOXE)ļMHĂOLMHVWIDïV]\ZH
:VWDZRERNNDĝGHJR]GDQLD]QDN × ZRGSRZLHGQLHMUXEU\FH
P F ŎUÐGğHPIDOLMHVWGUJDMãFHFLDğR )DODPHFKDQLF]QDPRőHVL÷UR]FKRG]LåZSUÐőQL 2ijURGHNVSU÷ő\VW\WRRijURGHNZNWÐU\PIDODQLHPRőHVL÷UR]FKRG]Lå )DODDNXVW\F]QDPRőHVL÷UR]FKRG]LåZSUÐőQL
.XODZLV]ÈFDQDQLFLZ\FK\ODVLÚQDSU]HPLDQZOHZRLZSUDZR:\NUHVLOXVWUXMH]DOHĝQRĂÊSRïRĝHQLDWHMNXOLRGF]DVX
:\FK\OHQLHZSUDZRR]QDF]RQR]QDNLHPDZ\FK\OHQLHZOHZR]QDNLHPļ 1DSRGVWDZLHZ\NUHVXX]XSHïQLM]GDQLD
$PSOLWXGDGUJDñNXOLZ\QRVLĮĮĮĮ
2NUHVGUJDñNXOLZ\QRVLĮĮĮĮ 1,5^3 4,5^6 7,5^ t [s]
x [cm]
0
1
2
3
4
5
4848 7HVW\VSUDZG]DMãFH7HVW\VSUDZG]DMãFH Grupa A
2FHñSUDZG]LZRĂÊZ\SRZLHG]L:\ELHU]3MHĂOL]GDQLHMHVWSUDZG]LZHOXE)ļMHĂOLMHVWIDïV]\ZH :VWDZRERNNDĝGHJR]GDQLD]QDN × ZRGSRZLHGQLHMUXEU\FH P F
)DOãHOHNWURPDJQHW\F]Qã
- jest promieniowanie podczerwone. MHVWIDODGŏZL÷NRZD MHVWIDODQDZRG]LH
- jest promieniowanie rentgenowskie. MHVWijZLDWğRZLG]LDOQH VãLQIUDGŏZL÷NL
7. jest promieniowanie Ȗ.
3U]HOLF]MHGQRVWNL
D 0+] ĮĮĮĮĮĮĮĮĮ+] E +] ĮĮĮĮĮĮĮĮĮN+]
5\VXQHNSU]HGVWDZLDWU]\SR]\FMHNXONL]DZLHV]RQHMQDVSUÚĝ\QLH
x = 2 cm x = 2 cm
położenie równowagi
- 8]XSHïQLM]GDQLH $PSOLWXGDGUJDñNXONLZ\QRVLĮĮĮĮĮĮĮ 2GOHJïRĂÊPLÚG]\SRïRĝHQLHPQDMZ\ĝV]\PDSRïRĝHQLHPQDMQLĝV]\PNXONDSRNRQXMHZF]DVLHV 2EOLF]RNUHV GUJDñNXONL ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
3U]\SRU]ÈGNXM]DNUHV\F]ÚVWRWOLZRĂFLR]QDF]RQHF\IUDPL ļ RGSRZLDGDMÈF\PLPURG]DMRPGěZLÚNX R]QDF]RQ\POLWHUDPL $ļ&
- f < 16 Hz
- 16 Hz< f < 20 000 Hz
- f > 20 kHz
$GŏZL÷NLVğ\V]DOQH %XOWUDGŏZL÷NL &LQIUDGŏZL÷NL
'RNRñF]]GDQLH:\ELHU]ZïDĂFLZÈRGSRZLHGěVSRĂUöGSRGDQ\FK 1LHWRSHU]HSRUR]XPLHZDMÈVLÚ]DSRPRFÈXOWUDGěZLÚNöZNWöU\FKF]ÚVWRWOLZRĂÊPRĝHZ\QRVLÊ $+] %+] &+] '+]
2FHñSUDZG]LZRĂÊZ\SRZLHG]L:\ELHU]3MHĂOL]GDQLHMHVWSUDZG]LZHOXE)ļMHĂOLMHVWIDïV]\ZH :VWDZRERNNDĝGHJR]GDQLD]QDN × ZRGSRZLHGQLHMUXEU\FH P F :E÷EQLHŏUÐGğHPGŏZL÷NXMHVWGUJDMãFDPHPEUDQD ŎUÐGğHPGŏZL÷NXZ\GDZDQHJRSU]H]IOHWMHVWGUJDMãF\VğXSSRZLHWU]D *ğRijQRijåGŏZL÷NXRUJDQÐZ]DOHő\RGZ\VRNRijFLVğXSDSRZLHWU]DGUJDMãFHJRZSLV]F]DğFH :JLWDU]HSRGVWDZRZ\PHOHPHQWHPGUJDMãF\PMHVWVWUXQD :\VRNRijåGŏZL÷NX]DOHő\RGVLğ\]MDNã]RVWDQLHV]DUSQL÷WDVWUXQDJLWDU\
5050 7HVW\VSUDZG]DMãFH7HVW\VSUDZG]DMãFH Grupa A
1DU\VXQNXSXQNW\,L9R]QDF]DMÈVNUDMQHSRïRĝHQLDZDKDGïD 'RNRñF]]GDQLD
I V II (^) III IV
(QHUJLDSRWHQFMDOQDNXONLMHVWUöZQD]HURZSRïRĝHQLXSRïRĝHQLDFKĮĮ
3UÚGNRĂÊNXONLMHVWUöZQD]HURZSRïRĝHQLXSRïRĝHQLDFKĮĮ
%DZLÈFHVLÚG]LHFLZ\WZRU]\ï\ZJXPRZ\PZÚĝXIDOÚRGïXJRĂFLP 2EOLF]GïXJRĂÊIDOLMHĝHOLF]ÚVWRWOLZRĂÊ GUJDñZÚĝD]PDOHMHGZXNURWQLH
............................................................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
5\VXQHNSU]HGVWDZLDZ\NUHV\GZöFKGěZLÚNöZ 8]XSHïQLM]GDQLD
czas
I
II
amplituda
:LÚNV]ÈJïRĂQRĂÊPDGěZLÚN$% 'ěZLÚN,PD&'(GěZLÚN,, $, %,, &ZLÚNV]ÈZ\VRNRĂÊQLĝ 'PQLHMV]ÈZ\VRNRĂÊQLĝ (WDNÈVDPÈZ\VRNRĂÊMDN
