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Brexit - Britain and Europe
Definition/ basic Information
Key terms/ system explained
- the EU = a political and economic Union
> allows free-trade without additional costs or inspections at borders
> free traveling - inhabitants can decide their living and working place
> free-trade agreement = Freihandelsabkommen
> criminal prosecution = Strafverfolgung
> security/ safety = Sicherheit
> data interchange = Datenaustausch
> aviation standards = Luftfahrtstandards
> purveyance of electricity and gas = Lieferung von ...
> licensing and regulation of medicine
> access to fishery-waterbodies = Fischereigewässer
Short timeline overview
23.June. Brexit referendum voted to leave (51,9%) 29.March. withdrawal notification form UK‘s government June. early general election in the UK and formation of a minority government 23.March. publication of guidelines for future relationship EU/UK by European Concil 13.November. draft withdrawal agreement between EU/UK January/March 2019 rejection of the withdrawal agreement in several parliamentary votes in the UK 30.March. originally Expiry of two-year periods to negotiate the withdrawal agreement May. European parliamentary elections 23/24.July. Boris Johnson takes over the leadership of the Conservative party, becomes Prime Minister 17.October. 2019 revised draft agreement EU/UK 12.December. early general election in UK and formation of a majority government 1.February. UK is no longer an European member state, commencement the transitional period until 31.December. access to the single market, participation in customs union, no voting right in EU constitutions 31.December. deadline for negotiation, end of transitional period Malea K. Hekeler
- blend of Br itish and Exit
- withdrawal agreement = transitional period (since 2016-2020)
> conducted by Theresa May and Boris Johnson
- describes the UK’s Exit from the EU on January 31st 2020/ January 1st 2021
> England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland
- 51,9 % voted to leave the EU .
Possible discussion topics/ problems/ questions
Malea K. Hekeler
Pro Brexit
- negotiate trade agreements on their own
> not being bound by the EU rules
- follow the example of Norway
- become economically more successful
- Internat investors will see London as a safe
and Independent haven
- too much immigration and even terrorism,
because of free movement
- smaller companies would hardly be affected,
because they do not trade with the EU
- cultivate their traditional special relationship
- get its sovereignty back
- EU rules hurt British interests
Con Brexit
- free Trade among EU members
> no trade barriers
> EU is a main trading partner
- financial advantages
- would lose their influence and suffer economically
and political
- suffer on financial markets and reputation of
London
- free movement (working and living)
> many British might not have easy access to health
services anymore
- workers could lose their jobs (farmers, interns
companies)
- US prefer the UK to remain a strong member of the
EU (economically, politically and military)
- would lose influence, be an outsider
- we have a globalized world, isolationism is not
possible, solving world problems together (no
influence then)
- subject to international treaties and laws
Possible Cartoon/ Statistics
I do also have a vocabulary list, a cartoon analysis for this cartoon on the
left, more suitable cartoons and some more points for the Pro and Con side.
Contact me if you need some more informations :)
> How, will the EU and UK resolve trade disputes in the future?
> What were the main problems at the end?
> What do the British expect from the exit?
> What does this mean for the Police and the justice?
> What happens to the Republic of Ireland and North Ireland?
> What happens to citizens of the UK currently living in the EU?
> What happens to the international industries, fishing and farmers?
Communication Exam Julia Reichle 2 Equality (^) Wants to make equal treatment of homo- and transsexuals a priority → propose an equality law Withdrew a regulation made by his Obama, that protects trans people from discrimination in healthcare Covid- (^19) Biden demonstratively adhered to the Corona restrictions → Wants to support people in endangered work areas Is criticized for his crisis management → US has some of the most infections with Covid- 19 The US as a military leading power Arguments of supporters/... Arguments of opponents/... The US = sole remaining superpower
- only democratic one that has enough military and economic power to intervene + help if necessary Current developments/ wars (especially in the Middle East and also Africa, e.g. Sudan) show that there is the need for a leading humanitarian and political role of the US The US has not achieved its goals in Iraq and Afghanistan (→ The invasion was founded on wrong data and triggered by economic rather than political or humanitarian interests) Many wars in the 21st century are a result of US interventions → Intervention against the will of the people in these countries can lead to terrorism and unrest Democracy cannot be exported but must be chosen and supported by the people **themselves
- POSSIBLE CARTOON, STATISTICS, …** The US as a military leading power Sources: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z6frqp3/revision/2 (15.03.2021 12 Uhr) https://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/politik/US-Wahl- 2020 - Das-sind-die-Wahlprogramme-von-Trump-und- Biden-id57602611.html (18.03.2021 12 Uhr) https://www.schule-bw.de/faecher-und-schularten/sprachen-und-literatur/englisch/unterrichtsmaterialien- nach-kompetenzen/sprechen/kommunikationspruefung/themen/index.html (18.03.2021 12 Uhr) https://twitter.com/politico/status/ Note: Please contact me, if you would like to have the answer key to this cartoon or if you would like to see some more cartoons to America’s global role (I have collected some more)!
Globalization - Pros and Cons
Definition
increase of trade around the world, especially by large companies producing/ trading goods in many different countries
development of closer economic/ cultural/ political relations among all countries of the world as a result of travel and communication becoming easy
spread of products, technology, information, jobs around national borders and cultures in economic terms, an interdependence of nations around the globe fostered through free trade Key terms
- developing countries
- provides global market - wider range of options for consumers from different countries
- communication - among countries on the rise, interchange of cultures higher than ever
- outsourcing- causes the loss of jobs in Europe, cost of Labour in Asian countries is low compared to other countries, fast fashion very low Labour standards
- industrialized countries - benefit from cheaper production, cheaper prices by outsourcing
- enables the spread of disease
- more interdependency between countries
Britishness/ Multicultural Britain
Definition
state of quality of being British embodying British characteristics their unity and identity, expressions, culture, behavior, habits, symbols
containing several different cultural/ ethnic groups within a society Key terms
stereotype - tea, talking about weather, politeness, pubs politics - rule of law, democracy, respect, courage, individual liberty
multiculturalism- support for several distinct cultural groups culture - ideas, social behavior of particular people or societies ethnicity- state of belonging to a social group with common traditions integration - uniting people form different origin in an attempt to give people equal right immigration - action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country segregation - state of setting someone apart from others racism - act of treating a certain person bad due to his race Discussion topics
- chances of multicultural Britain
cultural exchange of knowledges and values variety of cultures Supporting each other, tolerance and respect, open-minded
- challenges of multicultural Britain
Britishness might get lost due to foreign influence britons may become a minority in their own country selfisolation of certain ethnical groups - divided society inequality between ethnically groups
Cultural Imperialism
Definition
- the fact of the culture of large powerful countries having a good influence on other less powerful countries Key terms
- ambivalence
ambiguous way in which colonizer/ colonized regard another
process by which a colonizing power assimilates either a subaltern native elite or a larger population to its way of thinking/ seeing the world
voluntary/ enforced migration from native homeland, questions of maintaining or altering identity
fusion of traits that belong to a group/ shared values, related to a persons identity
power of ruling to convince others that their interests are the same , economical/ political/ educational control
way in which individuals define themselves, self concept, social mores, involves essentialism and othering
system of values, beliefs shared by some social groups, suppressed by colonizing forces
context of colonialism, it became a site for colonization and resistance
aggregation of people organized under a single government, struggle for independence ethnic and cultural identity, universal rights
division/ classification of humans by physical/ biological characteristics
process by which individuals get into the dominant western global society
Political System in the US
Definition
- US Constitution - create a strong elected government (Aim)
- Bill of Rights are part of it (quarantee Freedom of religion, speech,..)
- inspired by declarations independence
contained important principles like all men are equal, liberty, pursuit of happiness, unalienable rights Key terms
check other branches prevent one branch from becoming too powerful
group of people from each US state who meet elect the president and Vice President
- two party system
- swing states - potentially be won by either candidate
- popular sovereignty - government gets its authority from people
- limited government - decisions can’t be made alone
- federalism- power is divided between national and other unit government
- individual rights - refer to the liberties of each individual Discussion topics
- can democracy be bought?
- is the political system of the US outdated, should there be reformations?
- check and balances principal? Why is it important?
- how is power divided in the US?
- what are the pros and cons of a two party system?
The Amercian South - BLM, Civil Right Movement
Definition
referred to Dixieland rural, economically/ infrastructural less developed
struggle for social justice for black peoples in the US during 1950s/ 1960s
started 2013 with #Blacklifesmatter protests against police brutality/ violence against black people Key terms
- history of the civil Right movement
after civil war slavery was banned in the US - still discrimination especially in rural the south - cotton plantation owners needed the slaves as cheap workers without rights Jim Crow laws, 1870, restricted everyday life of black people by segregation movement against segregation and for social justice, 1954 Dr. Martin Luger King, Rosa Parks, Malcom X
after soviel war, South remained undeveloped and rural, less education racists believes are more common - bad opportunities South dominated by conservatives and Christian values
gained more popularity in 2020 with death of George Floyd started with a hashtag for social justice on Twitter, 2013 several blacks were murdered by police violence - worldwide protests
Global Challenges
- science and technology
Definition
- Genetic engineering - manipulation of genes of an organism for it to develop more desirable traits
- artificial intelligence- a computer having human like abilities (comprehending visuals/ speech/ make decisions) Key terms
- genetic engineering - Monsanto
bought by German big company BAYER - sell genetically modified seeds (resistant to pesticides) sole producer of the products Monsanto‘s GMOs - genetically modified organism - relatively expensive mostly of the seed market - not much else available due to the patents strict rules for the farmers - no sharing/ selling/ replanting - otherwise they will get sued by Monsanto —> even if wind blows seeds to the neighbors farm and starts growing
it is reasonable to work against nature? - cloning what will happen to the organism with undesirable traits once genetic engineering becomes the norm? - designer babies is it acceptable to do research on stem cells? Are they already life or not? is it okay to sell something to people that should be free just because it’s genetically modified? - seeds
autonomous - sth working independently and making its own decisions algorithm- set of rules that a machine follows to learn how to do a task machine learning - development of algorithms that help machines learn and change without human help
- key players who all heavily invest in artificial intelligence
apple, Facebook, google, Microsoft, Amazon
medical field - can Analyse patients data, production of drugs, diagnosis and treatment manufacturing cybersecurity social media - algorithm deciding your content Discussion topics
- should we implement more artificial intelligence in our daily life? Benefits and risks?
- discuss the ethical conflict - agreement on the statement that humans shouldn’t overpower nature?
- possible benefits of cloning and its negative side effects
- will it become true that the implication is made there - first cartoon?
- is the policy depicted here ethical? - second cartoon - what effects does a dependency on a certain seller have on farmers?
Variety of English - a global
language
- English is a global language
- quite wide spreaders and understandable
- different types of English (accents)
- 400million People speak English as their mother tongue
- around one billion people speak English as their second language
countries with English being a official language are former British colonies
- English helps to communicate with everyone Negative aspects
- many more English words in other languages
- Language determines a culture Positive aspects
- takes words from other languages
- changes, many varieties today
normal that Culture and Language changes
- helpful skill for global communication
- English is everywhere (travel, tv, music, food)
- it is quite easy to study
Social and economic issues
Definition
The US faced and is facing many social/ economic issues often connected a challenges for politics and the society as a whole key issues
- social/ systematic racism
white people are still heavily favored by law rising of right organizations/ groups police brutality
- division of conservatives and liberals
different views and opinions lack of constructive communications
- discrimination of minorities
- corruption
- economic issues
poverty/ high unemployment rates no free healthcare/ expensive medical treatment lack of proper education for everyone climate change COVID Discussion topics
- how could these issues be solved?
who should solve them
- what led to the problems?
the rising division
- what are arguments form liberals/ conservatives
American dream
- Wild West culture
Definition
- anyone, regardless his backgrounds or which class, can be attain their own version of success in a society in which upward mobility is possible for everyone
- as the British colonies in North America were declared as independent, a big migration started because people wanted to live the American Dream > the Wild West Key terms
- set of ideals - democracy, rights, liberty, opportunity and equality
- phrases
land of unlimited opportunities from dishwasher to millionaire simple fulfilling life from rags to rich
the American dream changed over the years once it was about building up a safe and happy life today - change of culture/gap between rich and poor - makes it hard to succeed eg. studying is really expensive
- people whose American dream came true
Oprah Winfrey John Paul DeJoira Chris Gardner
Discussion topics
- Can the American Dream be achieved without hard work?
- success is measured the wrong way, mostly in money or materialistic things
- how did the American dream change over the year? - racism against blacks
Environmental Challenges
Basic information
long term in average weather patterns
up to 7million people die every year, mostly caused by industrial sources and motor vehicles
mainly by waste from industrial and agricultural activities
increase of production and consumption, resources already get undermined
rapid design, production, distribution, marketing, low price means consumers benefit when workers suffer Key terms
everyone is responsible more or less a problem solved by contribution will take big influence to put up rules that stop pollution and climate change
Food production has to increase up to 60% till 2050 at the certain point of population growth we use resources we don’t have anymore - need alternatives food demand has to be reduced
producers and consumers are responsible for all negative aspects we buy cheap, so producers give us the cheap stuff causes bad living/ working conditions for the workers pollution because of the shipping Possible discussion topics
- how can we stop that negative change of globalization?
- how can everyone take part in supporting the right way?
- multiple environmental challenges
- how can pollution be reduced?
- is that issue a current issue or something we can wait for?
Terrorsism as a global threat
Definition
deliberate use of violence against civilians in pursuit of political or ideological objectives want to archive their political goals by creating wide panic/ terror to induce a state of fear social media serves as important asset to terror groups —> makes it easier for terrorist groups to spread propaganda and recruit online - ISIS motives can be poverty, inequality, exclusion, discrimination, political objectives or
religious beliefs
fight against terrorism has become a concern for all nations —> protecting human rights tackles the root causing terrorism
Key terms
- ideology- system of ideas and ideals
- indoctrination- process of teaching a person or group to accept a set of beliefs uncritically
- radicalization- process by which individuals come to adopt increasingly radical views in opposition to a political, social, religious status quo
- rationalization - action of attempting to explain/ justify behavior with logical reasons, even if these are not appropriate
- self sacrifice - sacrifice oneself or one’s interest for others/ cause or ideal
- moral disengagement- term for separating moral reactions from inhumane conduct and disabling the mechanism of self condemnation Discussion topics
- what can be done to tackle terrorism?
- what do forms of terrorist attack depend on?
- why does terrorism continue to attract followers and practitioners around the world?
