Download Origins of Reasonable Doubt & Probable Cause in English & American Evidence Law and more Thesis Criminal Justice in PDF only on Docsity!
Tsinghua Law Review Vol 1 3, No 1 5 (2009)
3
,
, ( doubt) , , , ,
3 1 In Re W inship , 397 U 1 S 1 358, 374 (1970)^1
: , , , , (^ ) , , 2 , , , , , , , , 19 , (^ ) , 3 , (^ )^ (^ )^ , , 4 , , , , , , , , , 18 19 , 5 , 16 , 6 , , ,
(moral certainty) ( confidence) ( belief) ( conjecture)
2 3 4
5
6
B lakely v 1 W ashington, 542 U 1 S 1 296, 301 (2004)^1 M iles v 1 United States, 103 U 1 S 1 304, 312, 261, 26 L 1 Ed 1 481 (1881)^1 J 1 W igmore, A T rea tise on the S ystem of Evidence in T ria ls a t Comm on L aw , 3nd^ ed 1 ( rep r 1 Holmes Beach: Gaunt, 2003) , 4: 35421 See James Q 1 W hitman, The O rig ins of R easonable D oubt: Theolog ica l R oots of the C rim ina l T ria l , Yale University Press, 2008, Introduction 1 Barbara Shap iro , B eyond R easonable D oubt and P robable Cause: H istorica l Perspectives on the A ng lo - Am erican L aw of Evidence , Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991
: , , , ; , , , , , 10 8 , , 12 , , 1166
, 1215 , (^ )
, (^ )
13 ,
10 11
12
13 14
, 203 J 1 : , 1993 , 538 545 , , , 12 18 , , , (^6 , Barbara Shap iro )^ , , , 5 , James Q 1 W hitman , 19 , 10
2009 5
, , 15 , , , 8 , (Agobard of Lyons) , , 16 , , , 17 , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , , 1054 , , 18 , , , ( ) , 19 12 , , 12 (B ernard of Pavia) (^) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 20 , , , , , , , 18 , , , 21
15 16 17 18
19 20 21
, 11 , 28 , 32 9 6 , , : , 5 , James Q 1 W hitman , 33 Summa Decretalium , bk 1 V , tit 1 10, 1 1 , 47 , 4
2009 5
, , ; ,
26
27
John H 1 Langbein, Tortu re and the L aw of P roof: Eu rope and Eng land in the A ncien R eg im e , The University of Chicago Press, 2006, p 1781 , 78
: , , , , , 21 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 28 , , , ( ) , , , 12 , 13 , , 29 , , 12 , , , , , , , , (^30) , , , , , 16
28 29
30
5 , James Q 1 W hitman , 129 134 , ,
, 11 12 , 1176 , , , , , , ( fines) , , , , , , , 13 , , , , , 5 , Jam es Q 1 W hitm an , ,
: 15 17 ( 1485 1603 ) , ( ) , , 1516 , , 14 15 , , , , , , , 17 18 , , 15 17 , , 18 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (^39 ) , , , 1787 , , , ,
39 The discussion of Anthony Morano, A Reexam ination of the Development of the Reasonable Doubt Rule, 55 B 1 U 1 L 1 R ev 1 507 , 517 (1975) , 5 , James Q 1 W hitman , 194 , , , , 18 , 100 , , , , , ,
2009 5
, , (^40) , , 41 42 , , , , , , , , , , , ,
40
41 42 43 44
See The Proceedings of the O ld Bailey Ref: T17870523 - 99 1 5 , James Q 1 W hitman , 196 Ibid , T17890603 - 43 1 Ibid , T17840915 - 10 1 11 , J 1 , 200 201 , , , ;
2009 5
, , , , , , , , ,
48 , ,
, , , , , ,
48 ,
