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。 See Bryan A． Gamer Black’s law dictionary seven edition West Group 1999 pp． 1026 1486． See e． g． Coffin v． United States 156 U． S． 432 454 1895 Estelle v． Williams 425 U． S． 501 503 1976 Norfolk v． Flynn 475 U． S． 560 567 1986 Kentucky v． Whorton 441 U． S． 786 790 1979 Taylor v． Kentucky 436 U． S． 478 479 1978 ．
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2004 225． 18 ． M ． 2006 118． 19 · · 、 · ． M ． ． 2001 180． 20 Stefan Trechsel． Human rights in criminal proceedings J ． Oxford University Press 2005 170． 21 · ． G / /. ． 12 2007 287． 22 ． M ． ． 2005 15 － 18． 23 Victor Tadros and Stephen Tierney． Presumption of Innocence and the Human Rights Act J ． 67 Modern Law Review 402 2004 404． 24 · ． M ． ． 2009 69． 25 ． D ． 2006 36 － 53．
A Comparative Study of the Legal Effect of Presumption of Innocence
SUN Chang-yong YAN Zhao-hua Southwest University of Political Science and Law Chongqing 401120 China Abstract Presumption of innocence was initially an evidentiary principle having the value of human rights protection． However due to the divergence in origins and developments the function and legal effect of the presumption has somewhat difference in common law and civil law countries in the former it is held as an evidentiary rule in a trial while in the latter based on the connotation of the presumption its procedural meaning is extended to the maximum and as such it has been re-moulded into a human rights principle with multiple legal effects． After World War II the internationalization of the presumption of innocence has to some extent facilitated the laying-down of uniform criteria concerning limit and function of the presumption but as to different legal families its impact varies upon the legal effects of the presumption． Key Words presumption of innocence legal effect evidentiary rule human rights principles internationalization
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