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Muscle Cell Physiology & Biochemistry: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes & Organelles, Schemes and Mind Maps of Physiology

Paul Mitchell the School CTPhysiology

An overview of the basic structure and organization of cells, focusing on the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and the specific organelles found in eukaryotic muscle cells. Topics covered include the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and mitochondria.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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ANSC/FSTC 607
Physiology & Biochemistry of Muscle as a Food
General Cell Structure
I. Types of cells
A. Prokaryotes
1. Pro = before; karyon = nucleus
2. Lack membrane-bound organelles
3. Earliest cell type!
human or animal cell. cross...
!
B. Archaea
1. Originally thought to be prokaryotes
2. Lack membrane-bound organelles
pf3

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ANSC/FSTC 607

Physiology & Biochemistry of Muscle as a Food General Cell Structure I. Types of cells A. Prokaryotes

  1. Pro = before; karyon = nucleus
  2. Lack membrane-bound organelles
  3. Earliest cell type human or animal cell. cross... B. Archaea
  4. Originally thought to be prokaryotes
  5. Lack membrane-bound organelles
  1. Usually live in extreme environments (e.g., thermophiles, halophiles) C. Eukaroytes
  2. Eu = tru; karyon = nucleus
  3. Contain membrane-bound organelles
  4. Evolved from prokaryotes by endosymbiotic association of two or more prokaryotes D. Include protists, fungi, animal, and plant cells II. Properties of eukaryotic cells A. Plasma membrane
  5. Separates the cell contents from the environment
  6. In muscle, sarcolemma
  7. Sarc = flesh (Greek) B. Cytoplasm
  8. Semi-fluid cell interior
  9. Location of metabolic enzymes
  10. Location of membrane-bound organelles and ribosomes for protein synthesis
  11. In muscle, sarcoplasm C. Nucleus
  12. Double membrane with pores
  13. Outer membrane continuous with endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  14. Nucleoplasm – the fluid substance in which the solutes of the nucleus are dissolved
  15. Chromosomes – protein and DNA complexes
  16. Located just under the sarcolemma in muscle fibers D. Endoplasmic reticulum
  17. Extensive membranous network continuous with the outer nuclear membrane
  18. Rough ER – has ribosomes and is involved in secreted protein synthesis
  19. Smooth ER – lacks ribosomes and is involved in membrane lipid synthesis E. Golgi apparatus
  20. Flattened vesicles in stacks that receive protein from the ER
  21. Form secretory vesicles to transport proteins to different parts of the cell or for secretion F. Lysosomes
  22. Found only in animal cells
  23. Contain enzymes for use in the hydrolytic breakdown of macromolecules (e.g., proteins) G. Mitochondria