Maria Mae O. Blase

BSBA-OM

11 EVILS DURING THE SPANISH REGIME

1. Instability of Colonial Administration

King Ferdinand VIII (1808-1833) Frequent shift of policies owing to struggle between liberalism

and despotism; from 1835-1897 there were 50 Governors General.

2. Corrupt Colonial Officials

Gen. Rafael de Isquerdo- incompetent and cruel, boastful, ruthless executed GOMBURZA in

1897

Admiral Jose Malcampo- successor of Izquierdo who has a good Moro fighter but was an inept

and weak administrator.

Gen. Primo de Rivera- accepted bribes from gambling casino which he permitted to operate.

Gen. Valeriano Weyler (1888-1891)- cruel and corrupt; receive huge bribes, gifts and diamonds

from wealthy chinese who evaded chinese law; persecuted Calamba tenants particularly the

family of Dr. Rizal.

Gen. Camilo de Polavieja- heartless governor; executed Dr. Jose Rizal.

3. No Philippine Representation in Spanish Cortes

The representation of the overseas colonies in the Spanish Cortes was abolished in 1837. Since

then, the Philippines condition worsened because there was no means by which the Filipino

people could expose the anomalies perpetrated by the colonial officials. Philippines

representation in the Cortes was never restored.

4. Human Rights Denied for Filipinos

The people of Spain enjoyed freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of the association

and other human rights (except freedom of religion). The Spanish authorities who cherished

this human rights or constitutional liberties in Spain denied them to the Filipinos in Asia.

5. No Equality Before the Law

Filipinos were abused, brutalized, persecuted and slandered

Spanish missionaries thought that all men irrespective of color and race are children of God and

not before the law….not in practice.

Leyes de Indias (law of the Indies) rarely enforced

Spanish Civil code imposed light penalties on Spaniards but heavier penalties to native filipinos.

6. Maladministration of Justice

The courts of justice were notoriously corrupt. Judges, fiscals and court officials were inept,

venal and oftentimes ignorant of law.

Justice was costly, partial and slow. Poor Filipinos has no access to the courts. To the filipino

masses, litigation in court was calamity.

7. Racial Discrimination

Spain introduced Christianity’s egalitarian concept of the BROTHERHOOD OF ALL MEN under

GOD THE FATHER, but Filipinos were regarded as inferior beings undeserving of rights enjoyed

by the spaniards.

Spaniards derisively called brown-skinned flat nose Filipinos “Indios” (Indians).

Lack of opportunities for educated young Filipinos to rise in the service of God and country.

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Maria Mae O. Blase BSBA-OM 11 EVILS DURING THE SPANISH REGIME

1. Instability of Colonial Administration  King Ferdinand VIII (1808-1833) Frequent shift of policies owing to struggle between liberalism and despotism; from 1835-1897 there were 50 Governors General. 2. Corrupt Colonial Officials  Gen. Rafael de Isquerdo- incompetent and cruel, boastful, ruthless executed GOMBURZA in 1897  Admiral Jose Malcampo- successor of Izquierdo who has a good Moro fighter but was an inept and weak administrator.  Gen. Primo de Rivera- accepted bribes from gambling casino which he permitted to operate.  Gen. Valeriano Weyler (1888-1891)- cruel and corrupt; receive huge bribes, gifts and diamonds from wealthy chinese who evaded chinese law; persecuted Calamba tenants particularly the family of Dr. Rizal.  Gen. Camilo de Polavieja- heartless governor; executed Dr. Jose Rizal. 3. No Philippine Representation in Spanish Cortes  The representation of the overseas colonies in the Spanish Cortes was abolished in 1837. Since then, the Philippines condition worsened because there was no means by which the Filipino people could expose the anomalies perpetrated by the colonial officials. Philippines representation in the Cortes was never restored. 4. Human Rights Denied for Filipinos  The people of Spain enjoyed freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of the association and other human rights (except freedom of religion). The Spanish authorities who cherished this human rights or constitutional liberties in Spain denied them to the Filipinos in Asia. 5. No Equality Before the Law  Filipinos were abused, brutalized, persecuted and slandered  Spanish missionaries thought that all men irrespective of color and race are children of God and not before the law….not in practice.  Leyes de Indias (law of the Indies) rarely enforced  Spanish Civil code imposed light penalties on Spaniards but heavier penalties to native filipinos. 6. Maladministration of Justice  The courts of justice were notoriously corrupt. Judges, fiscals and court officials were inept, venal and oftentimes ignorant of law.  Justice was costly, partial and slow. Poor Filipinos has no access to the courts. To the filipino masses, litigation in court was calamity. 7. Racial Discrimination  Spain introduced Christianity’s egalitarian concept of the BROTHERHOOD OF ALL MEN under GOD THE FATHER, but Filipinos were regarded as inferior beings undeserving of rights enjoyed by the spaniards.  Spaniards derisively called brown-skinned flat nose Filipinos “Indios” (Indians).  Lack of opportunities for educated young Filipinos to rise in the service of God and country.

8. Frailocarcy  Union of Church and state  Friars (Augustinians, Dominicans, and Franciscans)- controlled the religious and educational life of the Philippines and later in the 19th^ century they came to acquire tremendous political power, influence and riches.  Friars controlled government from governor general down to alcaldes mayores  Friars exercise priestly duties, supervise elections, inspector of books and taxes, arbiter of morals, censor of books and comedias, superintendent of public works and guardian of peace and order.  Rizal, del Pilar , Jaena and other Filipino Reformists blamed frailocracy/friars for obscurantism, fanaticism, and oppression in the country. 9. Forced Labor  (Polo y servicio) compulsory labor imposed by the Spanish colonial authorities on adult filipino males in the construction of churches, schools, hospitals, buildings, road and bridges , ships and etc.  Filipino males from 16 to 60 years old were obliged to render forced labor for 40 days a year.  Wealthy ones were able to evade forced labor by paying falla, a sum of money.  Spaniards were not drafted to force labor, contrary to law, while the Filipino polistas receive only a part of two pesetas (50 centavos) or worse nothing at all.  Disturbed the Indios’ work in the farm and shops and separate from their families. 10. Hacienda owned by Friars  Friars owned the best haciendas and the folks filling these lands even before the coming of the spaniards became tenants-resulted in bloody agragrian upheaval in 1745- 1746.  Rizal tried to initiate agrarian reform in 1887 but in vain, ignited the wrath of the Dominican Friars who retaliated by raising land rentals.  Rizal in his “ Indolence of the Filipinos” in substance opined that Friars ownership of best agricultural tract of land contribute to the stagnation of economy. 11. Guardia Civil  Created by Royal Decree of February 12, 1852; maltreatment, abuse, robbers, rapists.  The purpose of maintaining internal peace and order in the Philippines but later became infamous for their rampant abuses.  Both officers and men were ill trained and undisciplined.  Rizal’s Noli exposed the guardia civil through Elias as bunch of ruthless ruffians, good only for disturbing the peace and persecuting honest men.

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