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locality
relationship between a group of people and the place(s) they live natural resources and subsistence practices territorial boundaries and intergroup politics other ways people ascribe cultural meaning to the natural landscape TERM 2
julian steward
DEFINITION 2 -founded uiuc department of anthropology-trained by Franz Boas**nature doesn't drive culture, but does shape it, and culture shapes nature TERM 3
e.e. evans pritchard
DEFINITION 3 -nuer colony-british colonization of the sudan in 1920s indirect rule but hard to make sense of nuer social and political organization "ordered anarchy" TERM 4
nuer
DEFINITION 4 -horticulture & foraging-transhumance pastoralism TERM 5
correlate
DEFINITION 5 -patterns of social organization that often bundle with particular adaptive strategies-compare "mode of production"- the social relations and practices by which societies organize labor and knowledge for the purposes of production
patrilineal band
-limited size (100-500)-band exogamy (marriage within group is forbidden)-cultural focus on hunting with "limited" technology-comparable ecological situations-emphasis upon kin relations through men TERM 7
exogamy
DEFINITION 7 marry someone from outside a designated social group particularly women who marry men from other group TERM 8
foraging
DEFINITION 8 -hunting/gathering-pedestrian - on foot-equestrian - on horse-aquatic - on water TERM 9
horticulture
DEFINITION 9 -shifting cultivation-ex. swidden (slash and burn)-kin ties important-limited specialization/hierarchy-social institutions to help organize communal work and recruit labor TERM 10
agriculture
DEFINITION 10 -increased investment in land greater permanence, terracing, irrigation, domesticated animals -accumulation of property social institutions to deal with controlling regulating accumulation inequality, etc. -environmental impact of intensification
balanced reciprocity
-expectations of relatively immediate and direct return of debt TERM 17
generalized reciprocity
DEFINITION 17 -no expectations of direct return but rather a sense that account will be settled in the long run TERM 18
negative reciprocity
DEFINITION 18 compelled exchange in which you give more than you want to-but you expect it will be payed back eventually over time- paying for the check or whatever TERM 19
ayni &
mink'a
DEFINITION 19 -ayni balanced reciprocity offer someone coca, they return the offer mink'a asymmetric relation of debt involves power to compel someone to do this TERM 20
runa &
misti
DEFINITION 20 -sonqo and colquepata-misti comes from mistisus ethnically/racially mixed with indigenous and european connected in town called colquepata -ethnic hierarchy in La Paz, Bolivia-misti being socially superior to runs
reductions
-resettling native andeans from dispersed villages into model towns based upon spanish ideals to make collection of taxes/tribute more efficient assist with work of converting indians to christianity recruit indian labor for mines town councils -mestizo reduction town surrounded by outlying (indian) hamlets TERM 22
vertical archipelago
DEFINITION 22 one strategy: institutions the move groups of populations through years to work in environment and send back stuff-a notion of community of identity that isn't related to a certain area but are spread out in different areas but still believe to be part of the same group TERM 23
complementary opposition
DEFINITION 23 -focusing on relations of contrast-in a number of societies around the world, anthropologists find patterns of social organization and conceptual organization that are marked binary-ex. andes TERM 24
fictive kinship
DEFINITION 24 -formalized relations modeled on "real" kin ties- achieved/ascribed status-serve to create and formalize ongoing networks of reciprocal obligation-classically, anthropologists have studied are societies in which kin ties are very important-kinship is a powerful illustration of the relation between culture and nature TERM 25
achieved status
DEFINITION 25 -an element of identity as some sort of social operation-ex. graduate from college/highschool, get married
patrilineal
through your father's line TERM 32
matrilineal
DEFINITION 32 through your mother's line TERM 33
cross cousin
DEFINITION 33 cousins through parent's sibling of opposite gender-cousins through your mother's brother TERM 34
parallel cousin
DEFINITION 34 cousins through your parent's sibling of same gender-cousins through your mother's sister TERM 35
bilateral (cognatic) descent
DEFINITION 35 -descent through both genders
matrilineage
you take your mother's last name TERM 37
patrilineage
DEFINITION 37 you take your father's last name
