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What process is shared between anaerobic and aerobic Metabolism?
semi conservative DNA replication is ___________, meaning that each new duplex has one original(parent) strand and one new strand.
template Because the two parent strands are separated during replication and the basepairing is predictable, each parent strand can serve as a ____________for the new strand synthesis. helicase unwinds the double stranded DNA to allow for replication, but this is not aproblem for the DNA polymerase.
Choose an answer 1 semi conservative 2 silent mutation 3 glycolysis 4 complementary strand Don't know?
Nucleotide excision repair _______________is used to repair deletions, insertions, and helix-distorting lesions, suchas thymine dimers.
complementary strand a strand of DNA that is the exact match of another complementary sequence Nucleic acid base sequences that can form a double-stranded structure bymatching base pairs.
mRNA DNA sequence The use of U instead of A, starts from right to left. 32 How many DNA copies after 4 complete PCR cycles? DNA polymerase This recognizes the primers and uses the available dNTPS to replicate thetemplate DNA sequence.
nonsense mutation
missense mutation
frameshift mutation
silent mutation
x linked recessive
autosomal dominant
autosomal recessive
ionic bond
hydrophobic effect The ______ is the primary "force" of protein structural stabilization. hydrogen bonding bond connecting the nitrogenous bases (A, T, G, C) electrostatic interactions What binds the enzyme and substrate with the active site? (hint: type of interaction)salt bridges
disulfide bonding
tertiary structure
glycogen depletion An unwanted effect of an overly vigorous warm-up is: protein aggregation causes Alzheimer disease carbohydrate catabolism breakdown of carbohydrate molecules to produce energy, glycolosis, krebscycle, ETC
PKU
primary structure The level of protein structure referring to the specific sequence of amino acids,established through the dehydration synthesis of peptide bonds.
dehydration synthesis the process of joining two molecules, or compounds, together following theremoval of water
peptide bonds Bonds between amino acids acidic amino acid negatively charged, aspartame and glutonate hemoglobin blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells oxygenated form of hemoglobin high ph, low carbon dioxide
binding curves
ph affinity Which feature of hemoglobin makes it an effective oxygen transport? Binds to excess H How does hemoglobin keep blood PH neutral during exercise? carbon dioxide decreases What is occurring in surrounding tissues as the amount of hemoglobin saturatedwith oxygen increases?
phosphorylation What is a temporary modification to a protein structure by kinases that altersenzyme function?
methylation a biochemical process that influences behavior by suppressing gene activity andexpression
Acetylation gene activation carboxylation a type of condensation reaction where a carboxyl group is added to anothermolecule
substrate concentration enzyme activity increases as this increases catalyzed reactions the reactants of enzyme that bind to sites on the enzyme (called active sites- lockand key)
enzyme specificity enzymes are designed to work only on a specific substrate or group of closelyrelated substrates and create one reaction
non competitive inhibitor alters enzymes function by changing its shape
allosteric site different site on the enzyme where the noncompetitive inhibitor binds uncompetitive inhibitor reversible enzyme inhibitor that binds only to the enzyme-substrate complex irreversible inhibitor a substance that causes inhibition that cannot be reversed protease An enzyme that digests proteins by hydrolysis. decrease Protease activity would ______________ if ph increased. enzyme specialized proteins that speed up chemical reactions (specific)
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate molecule) main energy source that cells use for most oftheir work.
lactate A product of pyruvate metabolism when oxygen is limited mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production, notlocated in the red blood cells
2 how many molecules of lactate are required to produce one molecule of glucose 6 How many ATP to convert pyruvate to glucose pyruvate Three-carbon compound that forms as an end product of glycolysis. glucagon a hormone secreted by the pancreas that signalsglycogen breakdown.
phospholipid
cholesterol maintains membrane fluidity phospholipid micelles doesn't absorb vitamin c acetone very few carbs and high fats produce this ketone in the blood agouti gene expression
oxidation damage base excision repair polar amino side
aerobic metabolism the production of energy through the use of oxygen in the cell hydrophobic interactions Why does the egg turn white when it is heated? prion disease a disease caused by an abnormal protein particle that infects brain tissue,propagation protein misfolding
Bohr Effect An increase in carbon dioxide production leads to a decrease in blood PH,causing hemoglobin to release oxygen more readily.
