Download 4006 MIDTERM EXAM HIGH-YIELD KEY TOPICS AND APPLICATION SUMMARY 2026 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
4006 MIDTERM EXAM HIGH-YIELD KEY TOPICS
AND APPLICATION SUMMARY 2026
โ osmotic pressure. Answer: water moves across cell membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration โ extracellular fluid is hypertonic. Answer: ECF has higher concentration of solutes water moves out of cells to balance solute concentration cells shrink โ clinical manifestion of gi bleed & fluid vol deficit. Answer: dry oral mucosa (hypovolemia) โ hypovolemic shock. Answer: shock resulting from blood or fluid loss โ nursing actions for pt w hyponatremia. Answer: increase sodium fluid restriction
diuretics โ administering loop diuretic monitor for. Answer: electrolyte imbalance (k+) hypotension - pulse (weak, irregular) dehydration โ pt high risk for hypermagnesiemia. Answer: AKI, CKD kidneys excrete excess mg, impaired renal function leads to retained mg โ pt with total thyroidectomy monitor for. Answer: Chvostek sign (increased irritability of the facial nerve) low calcium levels โ The Role of the Lungs in Acid-Base Buffering. Answer: regulate pH by adjusting COโ levels through changes in breathing patterns โ respiratory acidosis. Answer: low pH, high CO
low PaCO normal or low HCO โ metabolic acidosis abg results. Answer: low pH normal or low PaCO low HCO โ metabolic alkalosis abg results. Answer: high pH normal or high PaCO high HCO โ anion gap. Answer: can further classify metabolic acidosis โ high anion gap. Answer: ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis โ ketoacidosis. Answer: excessive production of ketones, making the blood acid
โ lactic acidosis. Answer: problem breaking down lactic acid. results in low blood pH โ examples of metabolic acidosis. Answer: diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, renal failure, diarrhea โ example of metabolic alkalosis. Answer: vomiting, gastric suctioning, diuretic use, excessive antacid use โ compensation mechanism for respiratory acidosis. Answer: kidneys retain HCO3 to increase bicarb โ compensation mechanism for respiratory alkalosis. Answer: kidneys excrete HCO3 to decrease bicarb โ compensation mechanism for metabolic acidosis. Answer: lungs increase rr to reduce CO โ compensation mechanism for metabolic alkalosis. Answer: lungs decrease rr to retain CO
โ dermatitis r/t repeated hand washing. Answer: rinse and dry hands thoroughly after washing โ maintain sterility. Answer: Always check sterile packaging for integrity before use. Follow correct aseptic techniques: wash hands, wear gloves, and maintain a sterile field. Minimize movement and talking near sterile areas. Limit the number of people who enter or work within the sterile field. Sterile items should never touch non-sterile surfaces or areas. Replace expired sterile supplies and ensure no damage to packaging. โ procedure req'd sterile technique. Answer: catheter insertion, wound care โ characteristics of malignant melanoma. Answer: abnormal edges, irregular shape, lumpy edges โ general survey should include. Answer: appearance
โ order of abdo ax. Answer: inspect auscultate palpate percussion โ teaching pt re: inspect skin for abnormal lesions. Answer: report abnormal lesions w/ irregular border, asymmetrical flat lesion โ left scaphoid bone, suspected #, check. Answer: radial pulse to ensure that the blood flow is not compromised โ teaching testicular self exam. Answer: lumps or nodules should be reported โ assessing ROM of knee. Answer: flexion โ sign that pt tolerated hydromorphone. Answer: decrease in pain โ cap refill greater than 3 seconds. Answer: inadequate peripheral artery perfusion
โ monoincubation day. Answer: 30-50 days โ 2tsp. Answer: 10ml โ correct measurement when administering liquid dose. Answer: taken at the bottom of the meniscus when the cup is at eye level โ not part of the lower airway. Answer: larynx โ indication for chest tube. Answer: pulmonary embolism โ diffusion. Answer: helps diffuse CO2 out of cell into blood โ hypoxemia. Answer: Low oxygen levels in the blood.
โ hypoxia. Answer: low oxygen levels in tissues โ ax nasal cannual for COPD. Answer: check skin integrity nares Q6H โ bronchoscopy. Answer: pft to collect lung bx and sputum โ pulmonary circulation. Answer: blood supply to lungs, receives nutrients and o โ atrial dysrhythmias can be caused by. Answer: caffeine, metabolic disorders, hyperthyroidism โ variant angina. Answer: caused by coronary artery spasm โ stable angina. Answer: chest pain that occurs when a person is active or under severe stress
โ left fourth intercoastal space lateral to the sternum. Answer: tricuspid valve โ best position for left lobe pneumonia. Answer: unaffected side โ moist sterile drsg for. Answer: wound with dehiscence โ SA node. Answer: pacemaker of the heart โ first step for pt with abnormal ECG result. Answer: assess the pt โ patient with 3+ edema, how to evaluate effectiveness of lasix. Answer: check edema โ better calcium absorption. Answer: vitamin d
โ when is pt at high risk for hemorrhage post sx. Answer: first 24hr โ steri strips. Answer: adds moisture to the wound โ interventions for client w laboured, dyspneic breathing w/ audible wheezes. Answer: elevate HOB and admin O โ interventions for post op client reports sensations of prickling & itchiness around abdo incision site. Answer: remove drsg and asses the skin area & around the incision โ most effective method to validate effectiveness of pain relief. Answer: ask pt to rate pain scale 1- 10 โ 92 y/o with db, how to teach fam about foot care. Answer: nails should be filed straight across and square โ when to suction pt w/ trach tube. Answer: base decision on ax data heard on lung auscultations
โ when treating older clients. Answer: the older adult might have an advanced infection before it is identified โ intervention for 24 y/o w seizure disorder. Answer: loosen restrictive clothing & clear the area of hazards โ main purpose of braden scale. Answer: identify clients at risk for pressure injury early โ 57 y/o dx with lung CA and resection of rt lung. what is postop care. Answer: leg exercises Q2H while awake โ Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with chronic kidney disease. Answer: hyperkalemia โ The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure. Which symptom would indicate the condition is worsening?. Answer: Shortness of breath when lying flat
โ Which of the following is a priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with pneumonia. Answer: Ineffective airway clearance โ In a patient with hypertension, the nurse recognizes which intervention as a primary prevention strategy?. Answer: Educating about a low-sodium diet โ For a patient experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the initial nursing intervention is to. Answer: Initiate an IV of normal saline. โ When performing a bladder scan, the nurse ensures accuracy by. Answer: Performing the scan immediately after the patient voids โ A nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion. The priority action before starting the infusion is to. Answer: Verify the blood type and patient ID with another nurse โ to promote effective communication with a patient experiencing hearing loss, the nurse should. Answer: Face the patient and speak clearly
A) Notify the respiratory therapist. B) Check for proper placement of the endotracheal tube C) Suction the patient immediately. D) Administer a bronchodilator.. Answer: Check for proper placement of the endotracheal tube โ When administering medications through a feeding tube, the nurse should A) Administer all medications at once. B) Mix all medications together to save time. C) Flush the tube with 15-30 mL of water before and after each medication. D) Use cold water to mix powdered medications.. Answer: Flush the tube with 15-30 mL of water before and after each medication โ The best site for assessing a pulse in a patient in shock is. Answer: Carotid pulse โ During wound irrigation, the nurse should direct the solution A) From the least to the most contaminated area. B) From the most to the least contaminated area.
C) In circular motions around the wound edges. D) By pouring the solution directly onto the wound.. Answer: From the most to the least contaminated area โ Which of the following would indicate a systemic infection? A) Redness and swelling at the wound site B) Elevated white blood cell count C) Serosanguinous drainage from the wound D) Localized pain around the wound. Answer: Elevated white blood cell count โ to prevent hypoglycemia during insulin administration, the nurse should. Answer: Check blood glucose levels before and after insulin administration โ A patient with a central venous catheter (CVC) is at increased risk for. Answer: air embolism โ The priority intervention when a patient reports chest pain is to. Answer: Assess vital signs and oxygen saturation
