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A practice exam focusing on various topics related to energy production and environmental issues. It includes multiple-choice questions on hydroelectric power, renewable energy sources, global warming, ozone depletion, and water resources. Students are expected to demonstrate their understanding of these concepts and their ability to apply this knowledge to answer questions.
Typology: Study notes
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The country that currently produces nearly all their electricity from hydroelectric power is,
Canada
China
Germany
Japan
Norway
Iceland
Which of the following is no t an advantage of locating wind farms offshore?
eliminates land use negotiations
takes advantage of stronger offshore winds
avoids complaints about noise
avoids complaints about their being unpleasant to look at
less costly to install
The dominant source of renewable energy in the US is:
biomass
fuel cells
wind
solar
geothermal
hydroelectric
Global warming and Ozone depletion,
Both involve gases
Both involve interaction of compounds with the sun’s outputs
Both occur in the atmosphere
Both have major effects on Global temperatures
1 + 2 + 3
All of the above
Which of the following methods can be used to decrease carbon concentrations in the atmosphere?
Increasing use of renewable energy 5) 2 + 3
Plant trees 6) 1 + 2 + 3
Burn fossil fuels 7) 1 + 2 + 4
Inject into subsurface
Atmospheric CO 2 concentrations in the geologic past,
have remained relatively constant
can be correlated with glacial events
have been observed to be only higher than concentrations observed today
can be correlated with average global temperatures
1 + 4 8) 2 + 3 + 4
2 + 3 9) 3 + 4
2 + 4 10) all of the above
The mucociliary escalator
Carbon is transferred directly from the ___ to the ___ during fossil fuel burning.
lithosphere – atmosphere
hydrosphere – atmosphere
lithosphere – hydrosphere
lithosphere – biosphere
none of the above
In general, why does the western U.S. have less surface water than the east?
more precipitation and more evaporation
more precipitation and less evaporation
less precipitation and more evaporation
less precipitation and less evaporation
In what part of the United States is groundwater being used as a non-renewable resource and causing the largest aquifer depletions?
New England (CT, MA, RI, VT, NH)
Middle Atlantic (NY, NJ, PA, DE, MD)
Southeast (VA, NC, SC, GA)
Northern Midwest (OH, MI, WI, IA, MN)
High Plains (NE, KS, OK, TX, NM)
Northwest (WA, OR, MT, ID)
Photovoltaic challenges include;
Present design life of cells are guaranteed for 20 to 30 years
Battery technology and storage is limiting
Need backup systems at night and during cloudy weather
Need large amount of land to collect
Costly
1 + 2 + 3 + 4
All of the above are challenges
The renewable energy source(s) which is(are) cost-competitive for providing electricity to consumers in the US is;
photovoltaics
wind
biomass
1+ 2
2 + 3
all of the above
none of the above
Country which is projected to manufacture the vast majority of wind turbines to be used in Europe over the next 5 years is;
United States
Germany
Spain
China
India
none of the above
15 ) The 2 most abundant gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are,
The quickest, cheapest, and most effective way to reduce the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is to
plant trees to consume more carbon dioxide
stop deforestation
add iron to the oceans to promote plankton growth
increase the efficiency of energy use
inject it into the subsurface to make carbonates
Effects of ozone depletion include,
Worse sunburn
More Skin Cancer
Eye damage to humans and animals
Effects on Plankton production rates
Compounds have major effects on increasing global temperatures
1 + 2 + 3
1 + 2 + 3 + 4
All of the above
The element Carbon is found in,
Petroleum
Coal
Natural gas
Plants
The gas mainly responsible for Global warming
Ozone
1 + 2 + 3
1 + 2 + 3 + 4
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
All of the above
Greenhouse gases include,
sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) 6) 1 + 2 + 3
carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) 7) 2 + 3 + 4
methane (CH 4 ) 8) 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
nitrous oxides (NO 2 ) 9) all of the above
argon
True/False (1-True, 2- False)
The water table is the unsaturated zone above the zone of saturation
It is much cheaper and easier for humans to remove or clean-up greenhouse gases from the atmosphere than it is to prevent them from getting into the atmosphere
Arsenic concentrations in more than 10% of Apple and Grape juices in the US have recently been found to be well above the 10 ppb US drinking water standard
Greater than 40% of commercial energy in the U.S. is wasted unnecessarily
There is a lot of certainty (precision) associated with the predicting of future average global temperatures by qualified scientists.
Climate models predict an increase in average global temperatures of more than 10 degrees Celsius (20 degrees Fahrenheit) by 2100.
There is presently large seasonal thinning of atmospheric ozone above the Poles
China and the United States together are the source of nearly half of the world’s annual greenhouse gas emissions.
Withdrawing water from a nonrenewable aquifer is similar to mining a nonrenewable mineral resource.
In order to maximize energy efficiency, Virginia Tech will pursue LEED Silver certification or better for all new buildings and major renovations
The Kyoto protocol has been signed and accepted by the US
There is a good correlation between historic sea level, the absence/presence of glacially derived rocks and atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Air inclusions in ice cores have been used to estimate average earth temperatures and atmospheric gas concentrations for periods of time more than a half a million years before present
The Earth revolves around the sun in an elliptical path