Spring 2012 3rd Practice Exam: Energy and Environment - Prof. John Alan Chermak, Study notes of Geology

A practice exam focusing on various topics related to energy production and environmental issues. It includes multiple-choice questions on hydroelectric power, renewable energy sources, global warming, ozone depletion, and water resources. Students are expected to demonstrate their understanding of these concepts and their ability to apply this knowledge to answer questions.

Typology: Study notes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 04/30/2012

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3rd PRACTICE EXAM, Spring 2012
1) The country that currently produces nearly all their
electricity from hydroelectric power is,
1) Canada
2) China
3) Germany
4) Japan
5) Norway
6) Iceland
2) Which of the following is not an advantage of
locating wind farms offshore?
1)
eliminates land use negotiations
2)
takes advantage of stronger offshore winds
3)
avoids complaints about noise
4)
avoids complaints about their being unpleasant to
look at
5)
less costly to install
3) The dominant source of renewable energy in the
US is:
1) biomass
2) fuel cells
3) wind
4) solar
5) geothermal
6) hydroelectric
4) Global warming and Ozone depletion,
1) Both involve gases
2) Both involve interaction of compounds with the
sun’s outputs
3) Both occur in the atmosphere
4) Both have major effects on Global temperatures
5) 1 + 2 + 3
6) All of the above
5) Which of the following methods can be used to
decrease carbon concentrations in the
atmosphere?
1) Increasing use of
renewable energy 5) 2 + 3
2) Plant trees 6) 1 + 2 + 3
3) Burn fossil fuels 7) 1 + 2 + 4
4) Inject into subsurface
6) Atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the geologic
past,
1) have remained relatively constant
2) can be correlated with glacial events
3) have been observed to be only higher than
concentrations observed today
4) can be correlated with average global
temperatures
5) 1 + 4 8) 2 + 3 + 4
6) 2 + 3 9) 3 + 4
7) 2 + 4 10) all of the above
7) The mucociliary escalator
1. increases the risk of developing cancer.
2. removes dust particles from your lungs.
3. causes collegen to deposit in your lungs.
4. increases the risk of developing silicosis.
5. dissolves dust particles in your lungs.
8) Mesothelioma is
1. a kind of lung cancer caused by exposure
to mineral dusts.
2. a white blood cell that attacks foreign
particles in your body.
3. the build up of collegen caused by
exposure to mineral dusts.
4. a kind of tumor that forms in the lining of
the chest and abdominal cavity.
5. is a disease that is caused by cigarette
smoke.
9) Carbon is transferred directly from the ___ to the
___ during fossil fuel burning.
1) lithosphere atmosphere
2) hydrosphere atmosphere
3) lithosphere hydrosphere
4) lithosphere biosphere
5) none of the above
10) In general, why does the western U.S. have less
surface water than the east?
1) more precipitation and more evaporation
2) more precipitation and less evaporation
3) less precipitation and more evaporation
4) less precipitation and less evaporation
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PRACTICE EXAM, Spring 2012

  1. The country that currently produces nearly all their electricity from hydroelectric power is,

  2. Canada

  3. China

  4. Germany

  5. Japan

  6. Norway

  7. Iceland

  8. Which of the following is no t an advantage of locating wind farms offshore?

  9. eliminates land use negotiations

  10. takes advantage of stronger offshore winds

  11. avoids complaints about noise

  12. avoids complaints about their being unpleasant to look at

  13. less costly to install

  14. The dominant source of renewable energy in the US is:

  15. biomass

  16. fuel cells

  17. wind

  18. solar

  19. geothermal

  20. hydroelectric

  21. Global warming and Ozone depletion,

  22. Both involve gases

  23. Both involve interaction of compounds with the sun’s outputs

  24. Both occur in the atmosphere

  25. Both have major effects on Global temperatures

  26. 1 + 2 + 3

  27. All of the above

  28. Which of the following methods can be used to decrease carbon concentrations in the atmosphere?

  29. Increasing use of renewable energy 5) 2 + 3

  30. Plant trees 6) 1 + 2 + 3

  31. Burn fossil fuels 7) 1 + 2 + 4

  32. Inject into subsurface

  33. Atmospheric CO 2 concentrations in the geologic past,

  34. have remained relatively constant

  35. can be correlated with glacial events

  36. have been observed to be only higher than concentrations observed today

  37. can be correlated with average global temperatures

  38. 1 + 4 8) 2 + 3 + 4

  39. 2 + 3 9) 3 + 4

  40. 2 + 4 10) all of the above

  41. The mucociliary escalator

1. increases the risk of developing cancer.

2. removes dust particles from your lungs.

3. causes collegen to deposit in your lungs.

4. increases the risk of developing silicosis.

5. dissolves dust particles in your lungs.

  1. Mesothelioma is

1. a kind of lung cancer caused by exposure

to mineral dusts.

2. a white blood cell that attacks foreign

particles in your body.

3. the build up of collegen caused by

exposure to mineral dusts.

4. a kind of tumor that forms in the lining of

the chest and abdominal cavity.

5. is a disease that is caused by cigarette

smoke.

  1. Carbon is transferred directly from the ___ to the ___ during fossil fuel burning.

  2. lithosphere – atmosphere

  3. hydrosphere – atmosphere

  4. lithosphere – hydrosphere

  5. lithosphere – biosphere

  6. none of the above

  7. In general, why does the western U.S. have less surface water than the east?

  8. more precipitation and more evaporation

  9. more precipitation and less evaporation

  10. less precipitation and more evaporation

  11. less precipitation and less evaporation

  1. In what part of the United States is groundwater being used as a non-renewable resource and causing the largest aquifer depletions?

  2. New England (CT, MA, RI, VT, NH)

  3. Middle Atlantic (NY, NJ, PA, DE, MD)

  4. Southeast (VA, NC, SC, GA)

  5. Northern Midwest (OH, MI, WI, IA, MN)

  6. High Plains (NE, KS, OK, TX, NM)

  7. Northwest (WA, OR, MT, ID)

  8. Photovoltaic challenges include;

  9. Present design life of cells are guaranteed for 20 to 30 years

  10. Battery technology and storage is limiting

  11. Need backup systems at night and during cloudy weather

  12. Need large amount of land to collect

  13. Costly

  14. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4

  15. All of the above are challenges

  16. The renewable energy source(s) which is(are) cost-competitive for providing electricity to consumers in the US is;

  17. photovoltaics

  18. wind

  19. biomass

  20. 1+ 2

  21. 2 + 3

  22. all of the above

  23. none of the above

  24. Country which is projected to manufacture the vast majority of wind turbines to be used in Europe over the next 5 years is;

  25. United States

  26. Germany

  27. Spain

  28. China

  29. India

  30. none of the above

15 ) The 2 most abundant gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are,

  1. O 2 (oxygen) and CO 2 (carbon dioxide)
  2. O 2 and CH 4 (methane)
  3. O 2 and N 2 (nitrogen)
  4. CO 2 and N 2
  5. CO 2 and CH 4
  6. None of the above

16) Issues that need to be considered when

evaluating geothermal power for energy use

include,

1) The dissolved salts in the water

2) High capital costs

3) Depth of drilling necessary to tap “hot

water”

4) All of the above

5) None of the above

  1. The quickest, cheapest, and most effective way to reduce the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is to

  2. plant trees to consume more carbon dioxide

  3. stop deforestation

  4. add iron to the oceans to promote plankton growth

  5. increase the efficiency of energy use

  6. inject it into the subsurface to make carbonates

  7. Effects of ozone depletion include,

  8. Worse sunburn

  9. More Skin Cancer

  10. Eye damage to humans and animals

  11. Effects on Plankton production rates

  12. Compounds have major effects on increasing global temperatures

  13. 1 + 2 + 3

  14. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4

  15. All of the above

  16. The element Carbon is found in,

  17. Petroleum

  18. Coal

  19. Natural gas

  20. Plants

  21. The gas mainly responsible for Global warming

  22. Ozone

  23. 1 + 2 + 3

  24. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4

  25. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5

  26. All of the above

  27. Greenhouse gases include,

  28. sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) 6) 1 + 2 + 3

  29. carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) 7) 2 + 3 + 4

  30. methane (CH 4 ) 8) 2 + 3 + 4 + 5

  31. nitrous oxides (NO 2 ) 9) all of the above

  32. argon

True/False (1-True, 2- False)

  1. The water table is the unsaturated zone above the zone of saturation

  2. It is much cheaper and easier for humans to remove or clean-up greenhouse gases from the atmosphere than it is to prevent them from getting into the atmosphere

  3. Arsenic concentrations in more than 10% of Apple and Grape juices in the US have recently been found to be well above the 10 ppb US drinking water standard

  4. Greater than 40% of commercial energy in the U.S. is wasted unnecessarily

  5. There is a lot of certainty (precision) associated with the predicting of future average global temperatures by qualified scientists.

  6. Climate models predict an increase in average global temperatures of more than 10 degrees Celsius (20 degrees Fahrenheit) by 2100.

  7. There is presently large seasonal thinning of atmospheric ozone above the Poles

  8. China and the United States together are the source of nearly half of the world’s annual greenhouse gas emissions.

  9. Withdrawing water from a nonrenewable aquifer is similar to mining a nonrenewable mineral resource.

  10. In order to maximize energy efficiency, Virginia Tech will pursue LEED Silver certification or better for all new buildings and major renovations

  11. The Kyoto protocol has been signed and accepted by the US

  12. There is a good correlation between historic sea level, the absence/presence of glacially derived rocks and atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

  13. Air inclusions in ice cores have been used to estimate average earth temperatures and atmospheric gas concentrations for periods of time more than a half a million years before present

  14. The Earth revolves around the sun in an elliptical path