I: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
1. The fox was unsuccessful in reaching the grapes.(VAIN)
→The fox tried in vain to reache the grapes
Be unsuccessful in Ving = try in vain to V0: không thành công trong
việc gì = cố gắng vô ích trong việc gì.
2. The crops were badly affected by the storm. (EFFECT)
→The storm had a bad effect on the crops
S1 be affected by S2 –> S2 have an effect on S1
3. The project received unanimous approval of the committee.(FAVOUR)
→The project was in favour of the committee
receive (adj) aprroval of = be in favour of
4. The personnel officer promised him that she wouldn’t tell any one that he had
been in the prison. (WORD)
→The personnel officer gave him her word that she wouldn’t tell any one
that he had been in the prison.
promise sb = give sb (your) word
5. Nobody could possibly believe the story he told us. (BEYOND)
→The story he told us was beyond our belief.
Nobody could believe + Noun –> Noun + be beyond (their) belief
6. I had lost his phone number, so I could not contact him before. (TOUCH)
→ If I hadn’t lost hine phone number, I would have got in touch with him
before.
contact sb = get in touch with sb
7. I enjoy being the boss of a small company. (FISH)
→ I enjoy being a big fish in a small pound.
the boss of a small company = a big fish in a small pound(idiom)
8. The success of our local theater has made our city famous. (MAP) →
The success of our local theater has put our city on map
made sth famous –> put sth on map
9. She is not upset; she is only pretending. (ACT)
→she is not upset; she is only putting on an act
pretend = put on an act
10. The bank robbers escaped in a stolen car. (GETAWAY)
→ The bacck robbers getaway with a stolen car
escape = getaway with
11. As people use a lot of wood-pulp, many trees are cut down.
→The more people use wood-pulp, the more trees are cut down
The more + clause, the more + clause: càng …, càng…
12. Because of the absence of the atmosphere on the moon, the sky
there is black, just as in space.
→Because of lacking of the asmosphere on the moon, the sky is black, just as
in space.
the absence of = lacking of
13. These young men became doctors after six years training.
→After these young men had trained for six years, they became doctors.
14. People believe that the Chinese invented paper in 105 A.D.
→Paper is believed to have been invented by Chinese in 105 A.D
Cấu trúc bị động khách quan(Impersonal passive voice)
15. A man I don’t know told me about that.
→I was told about that by a man whom I don’t know
Bị động của mệnh đề quan hệ(Relative. Clause)
16. That was a silly thing to say!
→What a silly thing to say!
Câu cảm thán: What a/an + adj + N!
17. We’ve run out of petrol.
→There are out of petrol
S1 run out of smt = There be out of sth
18. It takes six hours to drive from here to London.
→It is a six hour drive from here to London
six hours to drive –> a six hour drive với “six hour” là adj và drive là noun
19. He was sorry he hadn’t said goodbye to her at the airport.
→He regretted not saying goodbye to her at the airport.
be sorry + clause –> regret
20. They failed to find out a solution to the problem.
→They didn’t succeed in finding out a solution to the problem
fail to V0 –> didn’t succeed in Ving
21. Most stores will accept a credit card instead of cash. (ALTERNATIVE)
→Most stores will accept a credit card as an alternative to cash.
an alternative to sth
22. You can avoid tooth decay by brushing your teeth regularly. (PREVENT)
→ brushing your teeth regularly can prevent you from tooth decay
avoid sth by doing sth = prevent sth from doing sth
23. Some of Peter’s expressions make me think of my brother. (REMIND)
→Some of Peter’s expressions remind me of my brother.
sth made sb think of their N –> sth remind sb of their N
24. When do you think this bridge was built? (OLD)
→How old was this bridge?
When + aux + S + V + S2 + V2 –> How + adj + V2 + S2
25. That old typewriter is not worth repairing. (POINTLESS)
→It’s poitntless to repair that old typewriter.
smt be not worth Ving = it be pointless to V0 smt
26. They share a lot of hobbies and interests. (COMMON)
→ they have a lot of hobbies and interests in common.
share hobbies and interests = have hobbies and interests in common
27. This train should have left 30 minutes ago. (MEANT)
→This train was meant to leave 30 minutes ago.
should have V3/ed = be meant to V0
28 The president arranged for me to use his chauffeur-driven car whenever I liked.
(DISPOSAL)
→The president put his chauffeur-driven car at my disposal
arranged for sb use to use whenever they liked = put sth at one’s disposal
29. The painting is worth $25,000. (VALUED)
