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A-IPC EXAM STUDY GUIDE, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Public Health

Virginia State University (VSU)Public Health

A-IPC EXAM STUDY GUIDEA-IPC EXAM STUDY GUIDE

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2024/2025

Available from 08/25/2025

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A-IPC EXAM STUDY GUIDE
1.Certification Board of Infection Control and Epidemiology (CBIC): board
that administers certification process for professionals in infection
control and epidemi- ology
2.National Commission on Certifying Agencies: accredits CBIC and a
commit- tee of the National Competency Assessment Organization
3.CBIC Mission statement: to protect the public through the
development, admin- istration, and promotion of an accredited
certification in infection prevention and control
4.CDC: Center for Disease Control
5.APIC: Association for Professionals in Infection Control and
Epidemiology.
6.CDC and APIC: made standards for practice
7.administrative controls: admin measures to reduce risks of
pathogenic trans- missions in health care settings
8.aerosols: small particles less than 10 micrometers that remain
airborne and viable for extended periods of time in the environment
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A-IPC EXAM STUDY GUIDE

  1. Certification Board of Infection Control and Epidemiology (CBIC): board that administers certification process for professionals in infection control and epidemi- ology
  2. National Commission on Certifying Agencies: accredits CBIC and a commit- tee of the National Competency Assessment Organization
  3. CBIC Mission statement: to protect the public through the development, admin- istration, and promotion of an accredited certification in infection prevention and control
  4. CDC: Center for Disease Control
  5. APIC: Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology.
  6. CDC and APIC: made standards for practice
  7. administrative controls: admin measures to reduce risks of pathogenic trans- missions in health care settings
  8. aerosols: small particles less than 10 micrometers that remain airborne and viable for extended periods of time in the environment

2 / 26 (water and air syringes)

  1. airborne transmission: pathogen that's airborne then possibly inhaled by the host as droplet nuclei
  2. alcohol-based hand rub: reduces number of viable microorganisms on hands
  3. allergen: antigen that can cause hypersensitivity and an allergic reaction in the host
  4. allergic contact dermatitis: swelling/irritation of the skin from contact with a chemical
  5. anaphylaxis: Severe allergic reaction
  6. antibodies: Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents
  7. antigens: protein/carbohydrate that enters body and activates immune process by stimulating the production of protective antibodies
  8. antiseptic: germicidal solution to inhibit growth/destroy microorganisms
  9. asepsis: method to prevent spread of infection
  10. bacterial count: Method of estimating the number of bacteria per unit sample.
  11. bio-burden: The number of viable organisms in or on an object or

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  1. contaminated: Containing infection or infectious organisms or germs.
  2. critical medical devices: Expected to come into contact with sterile tissues
  3. decontamination: The removal or cleansing or inactivation of dangerous chem- icals and other dangerous or infectious materials where they can no longer transmit infectious particles
  4. direct contact transmission: requires close association/physical transfer be- tween infected and susceptible host
  5. disinfectants: Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces.
  6. disinfection: The process of destroying pathogens
  7. droplet nuclei: minute particles less than 5 micrometers diameter that can be transported and carried in the air for relatively long periods of time
  8. droplets: particles of liquids that are sprayed from the nose or mouth when a person sneezes, coughs, sings, talks, or laughs
  9. endotoxins: lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria that are released into surrounding tissues after lysis of the cell leading to pyrogenic reactions

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  1. engineering controls: controls to prevent transmission (needleless systems)
  2. event-related packaging: storage method deems packages and contents ster- ile until some event
  3. exposure time: duration item is subjected to disinfection/sterilization process
  4. germicide: substance that kills germs (antiseptics and disinfectants)
  5. antiseptics: germicides designed for use on or in living tissue
  6. healthcare associated infection: an infection that a patient acquires while being treated at a healthcare facility for a different ailment
  7. Hepatitis B Immune Globulin: artificial,Passive immunity, exposed to Hep. B before given Hep. B vaccines.- Give 24 hrs after exposure.
  8. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg): serologic marker, indicates chron- ic/acute hepatitis b
  9. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg): a secreted product of the nucleocapsid gene of HBV and is found in serum during acute and chronic HBV infection. Its presence indicates that the virus is replicating and serves as a marker of increased infectivity.
  10. Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs): the protective antibody

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  1. intermediate level disinfection: deactivates vegetative bacteria, most fungi, mycobacteria, and most viruses but not spores
  2. low-level disinfection: deactivates most vegetative bacteria, some fungi, some viruses, not resistant to spores and mycobacteria
  3. mechanical indicators: indicate time, temp and/or pressure during sterilization
  4. medical regulated waste: bio-hazardous waste that can cause infection w/out proper handling and disposal
  5. noncritical medical devices: Those that do not touch the patient or are only expected to touch intact skin
  6. occupational exposure: exposure of a healthcare worker to an infectious or- ganism during course of work
  7. opportunistic infections: microorganism that does not ordinarily cause dis- ease but is capable of doing so
  8. particulate respirator: respirator to protect healthcare workers from airborne pathogens (like TB) -must be custom fitted, fit-tested and maintained
  9. personal protective equipment: Specialized clothing or equipment, worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials (as

8 / 26 defined by OSHA).

  1. post-exposure prophylaxis: prevention of infection after being exposed to an infectious agent
  2. prevalence: Number of new and old or existing cases in a specific population within a specified time period
  3. prions: infectious protein particles that do not have nucleic acid that lead to neurological diseases
  4. resident flora: microorganisms that normally reside on the skin, mucous mem- branes, and inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts
  5. semi-critical medical devices: Come into contact with mucosal membranes
  6. sero-conversion: production of antibodies by a person with no prior detectable antibodies
  7. spaulding classification: category of medical devices and the degree of ster- ilization or disinfection that is needed
  8. sterilants: destroy all microorganisms, including endospores
  9. sterile/sterility: Free from all living micro-organisms
  10. sterilization: The process that completely destroys all microbial life,

10 / 26 transmis- sion, portal of entry, portal of exit, susceptible host

  1. pathogenicity: ability of a microorganism to cause disease
  2. virulence: how severe and intense the microbe is
  3. infective dose: minimal number of microbes necessary for infection
  4. bacteria: single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes
  5. gram positive: react to gram stain, thick walls containing teichoic acid and peptidoglycan
  6. gram negative: more common, thinner walls made of peptidoglycan and a lipid membrane
  7. acid-fast: resist decolorization with Ziehl-Neelsen/ Kinyoun stain
  8. bacterial growth phases: lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, death phase
  9. lag phase: bacteria's acclamation to new environment, slow growth -high rate of biosynthesis
  10. log phase: exponential phase, rapid and continuous growth until one or more of the nutrients needed to grow is exhausted
  11. stationary phase: depleted nutrients, halt in growth and metabolic activity
  12. death stage: end of bacteria's life, no nutrients left

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  1. viruses: 3 parts: RNA,DNA, long molecules of protein coat and outer coating of lipids -icosahedral and helical shapes
  2. DNA viruses: both single and double stranded
  3. RNA viruses: Usually single stranded, may be double stranded, may be seg- mented into separate RNA pieces -positive and negative sense
  4. reverse transcribing viruses: encode reverse transcriptase which synthesize DNA from an RNA template. These are error-prone
  5. virus stages: attachment,penetration, un-coating, replication, self- assembly, re- lease
  6. fungi: A kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients
  7. mutualistic: both organisms benefit
  8. antagonistic: harm the fungi's host
  9. commensal: neither harm nor benefit
  10. superficial fungal infections: affect epidermis and hair (ringworm)

13 / 26 cysts in bodily tissue or organs -intestinal infection: tapeworm larvae ingested and develop into adult tapeworms in the intestines -usually no symptoms -can include nausea, weakness, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, inadequate absorption of nutrients from food -treatment: many exit on their own -praziquantel, albendazole, nitazoxanide -invasive: antihelmintic (albendazole), anti-inflammatory and corticosterioids (pred- nisone/dexmethasone)

  1. pinworms: most common parasitic roundworm of children in the US -some no symptoms -itching of anus/vaginal area, insomnia, pain and nausea -treatment: antiparasitic( mebendazole or albendazole) given to whole household
  2. lice: feed on blood, found on head, body and pubic area "crabs" -intense itching and small, red bumps on the scalp, neck and shoulders -treatment: OTC shampoo, malathion, benzyl alcohol lotion or lindane

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  1. maggot infestation: aka myiasis -aural: buzzing in ear, ear discharge (foul smelling), larvae can enter brain if affecting middle and inner ear -cutaneous: boils for extensive period -ophthalmomyiasis: eye irritation, pain and edema -nasal: congestion and obstruction, fever, facial edema -treatment: surgical removal and antibiotics
  2. scabies: caused by Sarcoptes scabiei (burrowing mite) -contagious and spread quickly -itchiness, thin irregular burrow tracks of tiny blisters or bumps -found between fingers, armpits, inner elbow, soles of feet, breasts, male genital, inside wrists, waist -in children, found on scalp, face, neck, palms and soles -treatment: permethrin 5%, lindane, crotamiton (some ivermectin)
  3. reservoir: The environment in which a microbe lives and grows; host
  4. direct transmission: direct contact with pathogen and spread of an infectious droplet
  5. indirect transmission: contact by inanimate objects

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  1. syndemic: the combined effects on a population of more than one disease, the effects of which are exacerbated by poor nutrition, social instability, violence, or other stressful environmental factors
  2. sporadic occurences: irregular, rare outbreaks
  3. incubation period: interval between initial exposure and first signs and symp- toms
  4. latent period: time between infection and infectiousness
  5. period of communicability: Time during which the infection may be trans- ferred to another
  6. infection stages: incubation, prodromal, invasive, convalescence
  7. incubation stage: Begins when a pathogen enters the body ends when symptoms appear
  8. prodromal stage: begins with onset of symptoms ends when infection specific symptoms begin
  9. illness stage: begins with specific symptoms begins ends when symptoms are no longer present
  10. convalescence stage: period during which symptoms disappear

17 / 26 and recovery ensues

  1. inflammatory process signs: pain, redness, swelling, heat and warmth, dys- function
  2. inflammatory process stages: tissue injury, release of chemicals, migration of leukocytes
  3. diagnostic and laboratory blood tests for infections: ESR, CRP, PV -all sensitive to increases in protein
  4. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): rate where RBCs separate from the plasma and fall to the bottom of the tube -high=presence of infection bc proteins of infection cover RBCs causing them to fall more rapidly -normal for females: 0-20 ml/hr -normal for males: 0-15 ml/hr
  5. C Reactive protein (CRP): blood test used to measure the level of inflamma- tion in the body -normal: <1.0 mg/dL or <10 mg/L
  6. plasma viscosity: blood thickness -at 37 celcius is 3x10^-3- 4x10^- 3
  7. cultures: useful for identification and numeric values for the colony

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  1. 1st gen cephalosporins: cefazolin, cefalexin
  2. 2nd gen cephalosporins: cefoxitin, cefaclor
  3. 3rd gen cephalosporins: ceifixime, cefdinir
  4. 4th gen cephalosporins: cefclidine, cefepime
  5. 5th gen cephalosporins: ceftobiprole, ceftaroline fosamil
  6. glycopeptides: Vancomycin Telavancin
  7. Lincosamides: Clindamycin Lincomycin
  8. macrolides: Erythromycin spiramycin
  9. nitrofurans: Nitrofurantoin furazolidone
  10. penicillins: ampicillin carbenicillin
  11. quinolones: coprofloxacin, levofloxacine
  12. sulfonamides: sliver sulfadiazine, mefenide
  13. tetracyclines: Tetracycline Doxycycline

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  1. antifungal classifications: polyene azole allylamine/morpholine antimetabolite
  2. antivirals: for specific viruses, commonly for retroviruses
  3. antiparasite drugs: atovaquone-proguanil metronidazole, tinidazole, ivermectin, pyrantel pamoate, albendazole
  4. malaria treatment drug: atovaquone-proguanil
  5. Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis treatment drug: metronidazole, tinidazole
  6. pinworms, roundworms, lice, scabies treatment drug: ivermectin
  7. enterobiasis, hookworms treatment drug: pyrantel pamoate
  8. tapeworm treatment drug: albendazole
  9. surveillance: methodical, ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, inter- pretation, and dissemination of data relating to a public health concern
  10. likert scales: measure how strongly a person agrees or disagrees with a specific statement
  11. guttman scales: comparative scaling of least to most extreme